In re K.L. , 2017 Ohio 434 ( 2017 )

[Cite as In re K.L., 2017-Ohio-434.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
MEIGS COUNTY
IN RE: : Case No. 16CA9
:
K.L. : DECISION AND JUDGMENT
K.L. : ENTRY
:
ADJUDICATED NEGLECTED :
CHILDREN. : RELEASED: 02/02/17
_____________________________________________________________
APPEARANCES:
Darren L. Meade, Parks and Meade, LLC, Columbus, Ohio, for Appellant
D.L.1
John Custer, Middleport, Ohio, for Appellee.
_____________________________________________________________
McFarland, J.
{¶1} This is an appeal filed by D.L., father of K.L. and K.L., from a
Meigs County Common Pleas Court, Juvenile Division, judgment that
awarded Appellee, Meigs County Job & Family Services (MCJ&FS),
permanent custody of K.L and K.L. On appeal, Appellant contends that 1)
the trial court’s finding by clear and convincing evidence to permanently
terminate his parental rights was against the manifest weight of the evidence;
and 2) the trial court abused its discretion in denying the continuance
requested by all parties but the State on the morning of trial. Because we
1
Appellant’s initials are K.D.L. To eliminate confusion we refer to him as “D.L.” throughout the opinion.
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 2
find no abuse of discretion on the part of the trial court in denying the
motion for continuance, we find no merit to Appellant’s second assignment
of error and it is overruled. Further, because we find no error in the trial
court's decision awarding MCJ&FS permanent custody, we find no merit to
Appellant’s first assignment of error and it is also overruled. Accordingly,
the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
FACTS
{¶2} The children at issue, K.L and K.L., ages fifteen and eleven at
the time of the permanent custody hearing, were removed from their home in
connection with a complaint of dependency filed by MCJ&FS on June 13,
2014. The complaint alleged that the current reason for emergency custody
related to the children having head lice, poor hygiene, one of the children
having burns on her back from trying to dye her hair with kool-aid and
boiling water, and reports that the children's father, D.L., was abusing drugs.
The complaint further detailed multiple prior incidences of agency
involvement with the family.
{¶3} Because the children's mother appeared to have abandoned them
and the children's father, Appellant, was unable to comply with the case
plan, MCJ&FS filed a motion for permanent custody of the children on
January 27, 2015. Subsequently a guardian ad litem was appointed for the
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 3
children and they were placed in the temporary custody of their uncle, also
identified as K.L.
{¶4} A hearing on the permanent custody motion was held on April
12, 2016. The trial court interviewed the children in camera prior to the
hearing. Further, just prior to the start of trial, Appellant's counsel moved
the court for a continuance so that the children's brother, also identified as
K.L., could have a home study performed and be considered as a placement
for the children. Counsel for the children and the guardian ad litem joined in
on the motion. The trial court took the motion under advisement and stated
it would rule on it after hearing the evidence. MCJ&FS presented several
witnesses in support of their motion for permanent custody, including case
workers Shantel Barringer and Chelsey Imboden, and guardian ad litem
Richard Hedges.
{¶5} Ms. Barringer testified regarding the circumstances which led to
the most recent removal of the children from the home as well as the case
plan requirements. She testified that although the children had been able to
be placed with their uncle, K.L., they had to be removed from his home due
to behavior issues. At the time of the hearing, the children were in two
different foster homes. Ms. Barringer testified that Appellant failed to
comply with the case plan in that he was not compliant with his alcohol and
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 4
drug treatment assessment and program, refused several drug screens and
failed five out of fifteen drug screens. She further testified Appellant missed
eight of thirty-two scheduled visitations with the children and arrived late at
another ten of them. She also testified that he was currently in prison for
drug trafficking. She testified that the agency would not consider the
children's brother, K.L., as a placement alternative because they had not
been provided with his work history or residence information.
{¶6} Ms. Imboden also testified. She testified that including the
present complaint, there had been five complaints filed against the parents.
The first complaint was in 2004, the second in 2009, the third in 2011, the
fourth in 2012 and the present complaint in 2014. She further testified that
overall, both children had been out of the care of their parents and in either
agency or relative care for over seventy months of their lives. She testified
that Appellant was sent to prison in October of 2015 for drug trafficking and
that his release date was not until October of 2017. She testified that she had
never had any contact with the children's mother despite attempts to do so
and that although the children's brother, K.L., had inquired of her how to
obtain custody of the children, he had never followed up with her. She
further testified that although one of the children, K.L., repeatedly asks to
stay with her father, Ms. Imboden recommended permanent custody to
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 5
MCJ&FS. She finally testified, with regard to possible placement with the
children's brother, that she had no employment information for him, and had
viewed pictures posted on Facebook indicating drug use, specifically
marijuana, by him.
{¶7} Mr. Hedges also testified in his capacity as guardian ad litem for
the children. He confirmed Appellant's current imprisonment and stated, as
such, he clearly could not recommend the children be returned to him. He
testified regarding the children's love for their father and their wishes and
desire to live with their brother. He further requested that the court evaluate
the brother as a possible placement, although he stated he was unaware how
much income the brother had or the condition of his home. This witness
concluded MCJ&FS's case.
{¶8} Appellant testified on his own behalf. He tried to explain some
of the prior reports filed by MCJ&FS and stated that two of them, in
particular, with criminal charges stemming from them were eventually
dismissed. He stated that although he was presently incarcerated, he
believed he would be eligible for judicial release in two months. He testified
regarding the rehabilitative programming he was receiving while in prison,
and stated he was also working on obtaining his GED. He asked that the
court consider his son, K.L, as a placement for the children.
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 6
{¶9} Finally, the children's brother, K.L., testified. He stated that he
was nineteen years old and lives with his girlfriend and their child. He
testified that he earns between $350.00 and $500.00 a month, which in his
view was enough to cover the addition of two more children. He testified he
pays his bills on time, has food in the house, has utilities and a separate room
for the children. He testified that he had tried to contact MCJ&FS three
times but they never returned his call. He explained that he did not go to
their office because, in his view, they were not doing their job, so there was
no reason to go to the office. Upon being confronted with photos indicating
that he used drugs, he admitted that he was smoking marijuana in the photo.
{¶10} After hearing the evidence, the trial court denied the motion for
a continuance and subsequently issued its decision on April 28, 2016
granting MCJ&FS permanent custody of the children. It is from this
judgment entry that Appellant now brings his timely appeal, setting forth
two assignments of error for our review.
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
“I. THE COURT’S FINDING BY CLEAR AND CONVINCING
EVIDENCE GROUNDS TO PERMANENTLY TERMINATE
APPELLANT’S PARENTAL RIGHTS WAS AGAINST THE
MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.”
II. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN DENYING
THE CONTINUANCE REQUESTED BY ALL PARTIES BUT THE
STATE ON THE MORNING OF TRIAL.”
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 7
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II
{¶11} For ease of analysis, we address Appellant’s second
assignment of error first, out of order. In his second assignment of error,
Appellant contends that the trial court abused its discretion in denying the
continuance requested by all parties but Appellee on the morning of trial. A
review of the record reveals that on the morning of trial, Appellant’s counsel
moved the trial court for a continuance of the trial in order that a home study
could be performed on the residence of the children’s brother, also identified
as K.L., so that he could be considered by Appellee as a possible placement.
Counsel for the children, as well as the guardian ad litem, joined in the
motion.
{¶12} “An appellate court must not reverse the denial of a
continuance unless there has been an abuse of discretion.” State v. Unger, 67
Ohio St. 2d 65, 67, 423 N.E.2d 1078 (1981); citing Ungar v. Sarafite, 376
U.S. 575, 589, 84 S. Ct. 841 (1964) and State v. Bayless, 48 Ohio St. 2d 73,
101, 357 N.E.2d 1035 (1976). “ ‘[A]buse of discretion’ [means] an
‘unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable use of discretion, or * * * a view
or action that no conscientious judge could honestly have taken.’ ” State v.
Kirkland, 140 Ohio St. 3d 73, 2014-Ohio-1966, 15 N.E.3d 818, ¶ 67; quoting
State v. Brady, 119 Ohio St. 3d 375, 2008-Ohio-4493, 894 N.E.2d 671, ¶ 23.
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 8
“A decision is unreasonable if there is no sound reasoning process that
would support that decision. It is not enough that the reviewing court, were
it deciding the issue de novo, would not have found that reasoning process to
be persuasive, perhaps in view of countervailing reasoning processes that
would support a contrary result.” AAAA Ents., Inc. v. River Place
Community Urban Redevelopment Corp., 50 Ohio St. 3d 157, 161, 553
N.E.2d 597 (1990).
{¶13} “ ‘There are no mechanical tests for deciding when a denial of
a continuance is so arbitrary as to violate due process. The answer must be
found in the circumstances present in every case, particularly in the reasons
presented to the trial judge at the time the request is denied.’ ” Unger at 67;
quoting Ungar at 589. “Weighed against any potential prejudice to a
defendant are concerns such as a court's right to control its own docket and
the public's interest in the prompt and efficient dispatch of justice.” Id. In
evaluating a motion for a continuance, a court should consider (1) the length
of the delay requested; (2) whether other continuances have been requested
and received; (3) the inconvenience to litigants, witnesses, opposing counsel
and the court; (4) whether the requested delay is for legitimate reasons or
whether it is dilatory, purposeful, or contrived; (5) whether the defendant
contributed to the circumstance which gives rise to the request for a
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 9
continuance; and (6) other relevant factors, depending on the unique facts of
each case. Id. at 67-68.
{¶14} In this case, we find nothing unreasonable, arbitrary, or
capricious about the trial court's decision to deny Appellant’s motion to
continue. When presented with the motion, and over the argument of
Appellee that the sheer amount of time the case had been pending should
preclude the granting of a continuance, the trial court agreed to take the
motion under advisement, hear the evidence presented and then make a
decision. After considering the evidence presented in support of the motion
for permanent custody, which included testimony from the children’s
brother, K.L., as to his willingness and desire to care for the children, the
trial court denied the motion for the continuance. In denying the motion, the
trial court cited the history of the case, the amount of time that had passed,
the fact that Appellee’s motion for permanent custody was the only motion
pending before the court, as well as the interests of justice.
{¶15} The record supports the trial court’s determination. As argued
by Appellee, the motion for permanent custody was filed on January 27,
2015, and thus had been pending for nearly fifteen months at the time the
motion was made on the morning of the scheduled trial. K.L., the children’s
brother, had been involved with the process to the extent that he had
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 10
exercised visitation with the children while they were in foster care. Further,
although the record indicates that K.L. did inquire with MCJ&FS at one
point how to obtain custody of the children, he never followed up. As the
trial court noted, K.L. had not filed a separate motion for custody of the
children and at the time the motion for a continuance was made, K.L. was
not a party to the case and the only motion actually pending before the court
was Appellee’s motion for permanent custody. Accordingly, based upon the
foregoing reasons, we hereby overrule Appellant’s second assignment of
error and affirm the trial court’s judgment.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I
{¶16} In his first assignment of error, Appellant contends that the
trial court’s finding, by clear and convincing evidence, that his parental
rights should be permanently terminated was against the manifest weight of
the evidence. In making this argument, Appellant does not seem to
challenge the trial court’s determination that the children could not be
returned to their parents within a reasonable amount of time, or should not
be returned to them, but rather he seems to primarily contend that his son,
K.L., the children’s nineteen year old brother, should have been considered
as a placement that would have eliminated the need for a grant of permanent
custody. Appellant bases his argument on some of the trial court’s own best
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 11
interest findings, which include that the children’s love for their father and
brother, their desire to live with their brother and that their father’s parental
rights not be terminated, as well as the trial court’s citation to a long history
of the family’s involvement with MCJ&FS and their need for a legally
secure placement. In Appellant’s view, the fact that numerous filings have
been made and that the family has always managed to reunite should have
weighed in favor of denying the motion for permanent custody. Appellant
argues that the “mis-weighing of statutory factors and placing undue
emphasis on [R.C.] 2151.414(D)(1)(d) was against the manifest weight of
the evidence * * *.”
STANDARD OF REVIEW
{¶17} A reviewing court generally will not disturb a trial court's
permanent custody decision unless the decision is against the manifest
weight of the evidence. In re B.E., 4th Dist. Highland No. 13CA26, 2014-
Ohio-3178, ¶ 27; In re R.S., 4th Dist. Highland No. 13CA22, 2013-Ohio-
5569, ¶ 29.
“ ‘Weight of the evidence concerns “the inclination of the
greater amount of credible evidence, offered in a trial, to
support one side of the issue rather than the other. It indicates
clearly to the jury that the party having the burden of proof will
be entitled to their verdict, if, on weighing the evidence in their
minds, they shall find the greater amount of credible evidence
sustains the issue which is to be established before them.
Weight is not a question of mathematics, but depends on its
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 12
effect in inducing belief.” ’ ” Eastley v. Volkman, 132 Ohio
St.3d 328, 2012-Ohio-2179, 972 N.E.2d 517, ¶ 12; quoting
State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St. 3d 380, 387, 678 N.E.2d 541
(1997); quoting Black's Law Dictionary 1594 (6th Ed.1990).
{¶18} When an appellate court reviews whether a trial court's
permanent custody decision is against the manifest weight of the evidence,
the court “ ‘ “weighs the evidence and all reasonable inferences, considers
the credibility of witnesses and determines whether in resolving conflicts in
the evidence, the [finder of fact] clearly lost its way and created such a
manifest miscarriage of justice that the [judgment] must be reversed and a
new trial ordered.” ’ ’ Eastley at ¶ 20; quoting Tewarson v. Simon, 141 Ohio
App.3d 103, 115, 750 N.E.2d 176 (9th Dist.2001); quoting Thompkins at
387; quoting State v. Martin, 20 Ohio App. 3d 172, 175, 485 N.E.2d 717 (1st
Dist.1983). Accord In re Pittman, 9th Dist. Summit No. 20894, 2002-Ohio-
2208, ¶¶ 23-24.
{¶19} The question that we must resolve when reviewing a
permanent custody decision under the manifest weight of the evidence
standard is “whether the juvenile court's findings * * * were supported by
clear and convincing evidence.” In re K.H., 119 Ohio St. 3d 538, 2008-Ohio-
4825, 895 N.E.2d 809, ¶ 43. “Clear and convincing evidence” is:
“The measure or degree of proof that will produce in the mind
of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the
allegations sought to be established. It is intermediate, being
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 13
more than a mere preponderance, but not to the extent of such
certainty as required beyond a reasonable doubt as in criminal
cases. It does not mean clear and unequivocal.” In re Estate of
Haynes, 25 Ohio St. 3d 101, 103-104, 495 N.E.2d 23 (1986).
{¶20} In determining whether a trial court based its decision upon
clear and convincing evidence, “a reviewing court will examine the record to
determine whether the trier of facts had sufficient evidence before it to
satisfy the requisite degree of proof.” State v. Schiebel, 55 Ohio St. 3d 71, 74,
564 N.E.2d 54 (1990). Accord In re Holcomb, 18 Ohio St. 3d 361, 368, 481
N.E.2d 613 (1985); citing Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469, 120 N.E.2d
118 (1954) (“Once the clear and convincing standard has been met to the
satisfaction of the [trial] court, the reviewing court must examine the record
and determine if the trier of fact had sufficient evidence before it to satisfy
this burden of proof.”). Accord In re Adoption of Lay, 25 Ohio St. 3d 41, 42-
43, 495 N.E.2d 9 (1986). Cf. In re Adoption of Masa, 23 Ohio St. 3d 163,
165, 492 N.E.2d 140 (1986) (stating that whether a fact has been “proven by
clear and convincing evidence in a particular case is a determination for the
[trial] court and will not be disturbed on appeal unless such determination is
against the manifest weight of the evidence”). Thus, if the children services
agency presented competent and credible evidence upon which the trier of
fact reasonably could have formed a firm belief that permanent custody is
warranted, then the court's decision is not against the manifest weight of the
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 14
evidence. In re R.M., 4th Dist. Athens Nos. 12CA43 and 12CA44, 2013-
Ohio-3588, ¶ 62; In re R.L., 2nd Dist. Greene Nos. 2012CA32 and
2012CA33, 2012-Ohio-6049, ¶ 17; quoting In re A.U., 2nd Dist.
Montgomery No. 22287, 2008-Ohio-187, ¶ 9 (“A reviewing court will not
overturn a court's grant of permanent custody to the state as being contrary
to the manifest weight of the evidence ‘if the record contains competent,
credible evidence by which the court could have formed a firm belief or
conviction that the essential statutory elements * * * have been
established.’ ”). Once the reviewing court finishes its examination, the court
may reverse the judgment only if it appears that the fact-finder, when
resolving the conflicts in evidence, “ ‘clearly lost its way and created such a
manifest miscarriage of justice that the [judgment] must be reversed and a
new trial ordered.’ ” Thompkins at 387; quoting State v. Martin, at 175. A
reviewing court should find a trial court's permanent custody decision
against the manifest weight of the evidence only in the “ ‘exceptional case in
which the evidence weighs heavily against the [decision].’ ” Id.; accord
State v. Lindsey, 87 Ohio St. 3d 479, 483, 721 N.E.2d 995 (2000).
{¶21} And, when reviewing evidence under the manifest weight of
the evidence standard, an appellate court generally must defer to the fact-
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 15
finder's credibility determinations. Eastley at ¶ 21. As the Eastley court
explained:
“ ‘[I]n determining whether the judgment below is manifestly
against the weight of the evidence, every reasonable intendment
must be made in favor of the judgment and the finding of facts.
***
If the evidence is susceptible of more than one construction, the
reviewing court is bound to give it that interpretation which is
consistent with the verdict and judgment, most favorable to
sustaining the verdict and judgment.’ ” Id.; quoting Seasons
Coal Co., Inc. v. Cleveland, 10 Ohio St. 3d 77, 80, 461 N.E.2d
1273 (1984), fn.3, quoting 5 Ohio Jurisprudence 3d, Appellate
Review, Section 60, at 191-192 (1978).
Deferring to the trial court on matters of credibility is “crucial in a child
custody case, where there may be much evident in the parties' demeanor and
attitude that does not translate to the record well.” Davis v. Flickinger, 77
Ohio St. 3d 415, 419, 674 N.E.2d 1159 (1997). Accord In re Christian, 4th
Dist. Athens No. 04CA10, 2004-Ohio-3146, ¶ 7. As the Ohio Supreme
Court long-ago explained:
“In proceedings involving the custody and welfare of children
the power of the trial court to exercise discretion is peculiarly
important. The knowledge obtained through contact with and
observation of the parties and through independent
investigation cannot be conveyed to a reviewing court by
printed record.” Trickey v. Trickey, 158 Ohio St. 9, 13, 106
N.E.2d 772 (1952).
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 16
{¶22} Furthermore, unlike an ordinary civil proceeding in which a
jury has no contact with the parties before a trial, in a permanent custody
case a trial court judge may have significant contact with the parties before a
permanent custody motion is even filed. In such a situation, it is not
unreasonable to presume that the trial court judge had far more opportunities
to evaluate the credibility, demeanor, attitude, etc., of the parties than this
Court ever could from a mere reading of the permanent custody hearing
transcript.
PERMANENT CUSTODY PRINCIPLES
{¶23} A parent has a “fundamental liberty interest” in the care,
custody, and management of his or her child and an “essential” and “basic
civil right” to raise his or her children. Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745,
753, 102 S. Ct. 1388 (1982); In re Murray, 52 Ohio St. 3d 155, 156, 556
N.E.2d 1169 (1990); accord In re D.A., 113 Ohio St. 3d 88, 2007-Ohio-1105,
862 N.E.2d 829. A parent's rights, however, are not absolute. D.A. at ¶ 11.
Rather, “ ‘it is plain that the natural rights of a parent * * * are always
subject to the ultimate welfare of the child, which is the pole star or
controlling principle to be observed.’ ” In re Cunningham, 59 Ohio St. 2d
100, 106, 391 N.E.2d 1034 (1979); quoting In re R.J.C., 300 So. 2d 54, 58
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 17
(Fla.App.1974). Thus, the state may terminate parental rights when a child's
best interest demands such termination. D.A. at ¶ 11.
{¶24} Before a court may award a children services agency
permanent custody of a child, R.C. 2151.414(A)(1) requires the court to hold
a hearing. The primary purpose of the hearing is to allow the court to
determine whether the child's best interests would be served by permanently
terminating the parental relationship and by awarding permanent custody to
the agency. R.C. 2151.414(A)(1). Additionally, when considering whether
to grant a children services agency permanent custody, a trial court should
consider the underlying principles of R.C. Chapter 2151:
“(A) To provide for the care, protection, and mental and
physical development of children * * *;
***
(B) To achieve the foregoing purpose[ ], whenever possible, in
a family environment, separating the child from its parents only
when necessary for his welfare or in the interests of public
safety.”
PERMANENT CUSTODY FRAMEWORK
{¶25} R.C. 2151.414(B)(1) permits a trial court to grant permanent
custody of a child to a children services agency if the court determines, by
clear and convincing evidence, that the child's best interest would be served
by the award of permanent custody and that:
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 18
“(a) The child is not abandoned or orphaned or has not been in
the temporary custody of one or more public children services
agencies or private child placing agencies for twelve or more
months of a consecutive twenty-two month period ending on or
after March 18, 1999, and the child cannot be placed with either
of the child's parents within a reasonable time or should not be
placed with the child's parents.
(b) The child is abandoned.
(c) The child is orphaned, and there are no relatives of the child
who are able to take permanent custody.
(d) The child has been in the temporary custody of one or more
public children services agencies or private child placing
agencies for twelve or more months of a consecutive twenty-
two month period ending on or after March 18, 1999.
(e) The child or another child in the custody of the parent or
parents from whose custody the child has been removed has
been adjudicated an abused, neglected, or dependent child on
three separate occasions by any court in this state or another
state.”
Thus, before a trial court may award a children services agency permanent
custody, it must find (1) that one of the circumstances described in R.C.
2151.414(B)(1) applies, and (2) that awarding the children services agency
permanent custody would further the child's best interests.
{¶26} The record indicates that the trial court's decision was based
upon its R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(a) finding that the children could not or should
not be returned to a parent within a reasonable amount of time. As indicated
above, during trial and now on appeal, Appellant does not seem to challenge
this finding by the trial court, but rather seems to argue that the children’s
best interest required that the children’s brother, K.L., should have been
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 19
considered as a placement for the children, rather than awarding permanent
custody to MCJ&FS.
a. Reasonable Time
{¶27} R.C. 2151.414(E) governs a trial court's analysis of whether a
child cannot or should not be returned to a parent within a reasonable time.
The statute requires the trial court to consider “all relevant evidence” and
sets forth the factors a trial court must consider in determining whether a
child cannot or should not be placed with either parent within a reasonable
time. The pertinent subsections of the statute for this case are set forth
below. If the court finds the existence of any one of the following factors,
“the court shall enter a finding that the child cannot be placed with either
parent within a reasonable time or should not be placed with either parent”:
“(4) The parent has demonstrated a lack of commitment toward
the child by failing to regularly support, visit, or communicate
with the child when able to do so, or by other actions showing
an unwillingness to provide an adequate permanent home for
the child;
***
(10) The parent has abandoned the child.
***
(13) The parent is repeatedly incarcerated, and the repeated
incarceration prevents the parent from providing care for the
child.”
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 20
{¶28} Here, the trial court found that the children cannot and should
not be returned to their parents within a reasonable amount of time. The
court found three R.C. 2151.414(E) factors present, specifically R.C.
2151.414(E)(7)(4), (10) and (13). The trial court specifically noted that
(E)(10) was applicable to the children’s mother, as she had abandoned them.
The trial court then found factors (E)(4) and (13) were applicable to
Appellant as he had been “in and out of jail or prison, and had chosen a life
style that demonstrates a lack of commitment to providing structure for a
home and family.” Further, a review of the record indicates that Appellant
was in prison at the time of the permanent custody hearing and is not
scheduled to be released until the fall of 2017. Thus, in light of the
foregoing we cannot conclude that the trial court’s finding that the children
cannot or should not be returned to their parents within a reasonable time is
against the manifest weight of the evidence.
b. Reasonable Efforts
{¶29} Although not specifically set forth in this manner, we construe
Appellant’s argument that the trial court should have considered the
children’s brother, K.L., as a suitable placement for the children as an
alternative to a grant of permanent custody, to be an argument that the trial
court's reasonable efforts finding is against the manifest weight of the
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 21
evidence. R.C. 2151.419 governs a trial court's reasonable efforts findings
and provides in section (A)(1) as follows:
“Except as provided in division (A)(2) of this section, at any
hearing held pursuant to section 2151.28, division (E) of section
2151.31, or section 2151.314, 2151.33, or 2151.353 of the
Revised Code at which the court removes a child from the
child's home or continues the removal of a child from the
child's home, the court shall determine whether the public
children services agency or private child placing agency that
filed the complaint in the case, removed the child from home,
has custody of the child, or will be given custody of the child
has made reasonable efforts to prevent the removal of the child
from the child's home, to eliminate the continued removal of the
child from the child's home, or to make it possible for the child
to return safely home. * * * ”
“By its terms, R.C. 2151.419 applies only at * * * adjudicatory, emergency,
detention, and temporary-disposition hearings, and dispositional hearings for
abused, neglected, or dependent children, all of which occur prior to a
decision transferring permanent custody to the state. The statute makes no
reference to a hearing on a motion for permanent custody. Therefore, ‘[b]y
its plain terms, the statute does not apply to motions for permanent custody
brought pursuant to R.C. 2151.413, or to hearings held on such motions
pursuant to R.C. 2151.414.’ ” In re C.F., 113 Ohio St. 3d 73, 2007-Ohio-
1104, 862 N.E.2d 816, ¶ 41; quoting In re A.C., 12th Dist. Clermont No.
CA2004–05–041, 2004-Ohio-5531, ¶ 30.
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 22
{¶30} Here, the trial court found that a reasonable efforts
determination did not apply, since this was a hearing on a motion for
permanent custody, but noted that MCJ&FS had already established that
reasonable efforts at reunification had been made prior to the hearing.
Further, to the extent Appellant argues that the trial court was required to
consider placing the children with their brother, as a relative placement,
before it could award MCJ&FS permanent custody, we disagree.
{¶31} We have previously recognized that a trial court need not
consider relative placement before awarding a children services agency
permanent custody. In re C.T.L.A., 4th Dist. Hocking No. 13CA24, 2014-
Ohio-1550, ¶ 52; accord In re E.D., 2nd Dist. Montgomery No. 26261,
2014-Ohio-4600, ¶ 10; In re J.H., 4th Dist. Hocking No. 14CA4, 2014-
Ohio-3108, ¶ 27. A juvenile court need not determine by clear and
convincing evidence that “termination of appellant's parental rights was not
only a necessary option, but also the only option.” In re Schaefer, 111 Ohio
St.3d 498, 2006-Ohio-5513, 857 N.E.2d 532, ¶ 64. Nor must “the juvenile
court find by clear and convincing evidence that no suitable relative was
available for placement.” Id. R.C. 2151.414 “does not make the availability
of a placement that would not require a termination of parental rights an all-
controlling factor. The statute does not even require the court to weigh that
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 23
factor more heavily than other factors.” Id.; In re J.K., 4th Dist. Ross No.
11CA3269, 2012-Ohio-214, ¶ 27. Rather, a juvenile court is vested with
discretion to determine what placement option is in the child's best interest.
In re A.C.H., 2011-Ohio-5595, at ¶ 44. The child's best interest is served by
placing the child in a permanent situation that fosters growth, stability, and
security. In re Adoption of Ridenour, 61 Ohio St. 3d 319, 324, 574 N.E.2d
1055 (1991). Therefore, courts are not required to favor a relative if, after
considering all the factors, it is in the child's best interest for the agency to
be granted permanent custody. Schaefer at ¶ 64.
{¶32} Thus, the trial court was not required to find that MCJ&FS
used reasonable efforts to place the children with a relative before awarding
MCJ&FS permanent custody, provided it determined it was in the children's
best interest for permanent custody to be granted to MCJ&FS. As such, we
must review the trial court's best interest analysis, as set forth in its decision
and judgment entry, to determine whether the trial court's best interest
finding is against the manifest weight of the evidence.
{¶33} R.C. 2151.414(D) requires a trial court to consider specific
factors to determine whether a child's best interest will be served by granting
a children services agency permanent custody. The factors include: (1) the
child's interaction and interrelationship with the child's parents, siblings,
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 24
relatives, foster parents and out-of-home providers, and any other person
who may significantly affect the child; (2) the child's wishes, as expressed
directly by the child or through the child's guardian ad litem, with due regard
for the child's maturity; (3) the child's custodial history; (4) the child's need
for a legally secure permanent placement and whether that type of placement
can be achieved without a grant of permanent custody to the agency; and (5)
whether any factors listed under R.C. 2151.414(E)(7) to (11) apply.2
2
R.C. 2151.414(E)(7) to (11) states:
“(7) The parent has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to one of the following:
(a) An offense under section 2903.01, 2903.02, or 2903.03 of the Revised Code or under an existing or
former law of this state, any other state, or the United States that is substantially equivalent to an offense
described in those sections and the victim of the offense was a sibling of the child or the victim was another
child who lived in the parent's household at the time of the offense;
(b) An offense under section 2903.11, 2903.12, or 2903.13 of the Revised Code or under an existing or
former law of this state, any other state, or the United States that is substantially equivalent to an offense
described in those sections and the victim of the offense is the child, a sibling of the child, or another child
who lived in the parent's household at the time of the offense;
(c) An offense under division (B)(2) of section 2919.22 of the Revised Code or under an existing or former
law of this state, any other state, or the United States that is substantially equivalent to the offense
described in that section and the child, a sibling of the child, or another child who lived in the parent's
household at the time of the offense is the victim of the offense;
(d) An offense under section 2907.02, 2907.03, 2907.04, 2907.05, or 2907.06 of the Revised Code or under
an existing or former law of this state, any other state, or the United States that is substantially equivalent to
an offense described in those sections and the victim of the offense is the child, a sibling of the child, or
another child who lived in the parent's household at the time of the offense;
(e) An offense under section 2905.32, 2907.21, or 2907.22 of the Revised Code or under an existing or
former law of this state, any other state, or the United States that is substantially equivalent to the offense
described in that section and the victim of the offense is the child, a sibling of the child, or another child
who lived in the parent's household at the time of the offense;
(f) A conspiracy or attempt to commit, or complicity in committing, an offense described in division
(E)(7)(a), (d), or (e) of this section.
(8) The parent has repeatedly withheld medical treatment or food from the child when the parent has the
means to provide the treatment or food, and, in the case of withheld medical treatment, the parent withheld
it for a purpose other than to treat the physical or mental illness or defect of the child by spiritual means
through prayer alone in accordance with the tenets of a recognized religious body.
(9) The parent has placed the child at substantial risk of harm two or more times due to alcohol or drug
abuse and has rejected treatment two or more times or refused to participate in further treatment two or
more times after a case plan issued pursuant to section 2151.412 of the Revised Code requiring treatment of
the parent was journalized as part of a dispositional order issued with respect to the child or an order was
issued by any other court requiring treatment of the parent.
(10) The parent has abandoned the child.
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 25
{¶34} In this case, a review of the trial court's decision indicates that
appropriate best interest findings were made by the trial court, which are
supported by competent, credible evidence. With respect to the child's
interactions and interrelationships, the trial court found the children stated
that they love their father, dislike their mother, and talked about their older
brother, K.L. The record further reflects that the children seem to believe
that their brother is capable of taking care of them and that they desire to live
with him. The trial court further found that the children currently live in
separate foster homes.
{¶35} With respect to the children's wishes, the trial court found that
both children clearly express a desire to get out of foster care and to live
with their nineteen-year-old brother, his girlfriend and baby, and that they
picture this arrangement to be what is left of their family. The court also
found they have positive feelings toward their father but dislike their mother.
{¶36} Regarding the custodial history of the children, the trial court
found that the children had experienced numerous living and "custodial"
arrangements throughout their lives which involved living with individuals
other than their parents. The trial court noted that “this is not a ‘12 of 22’
(11) The parent has had parental rights involuntarily terminated with respect to a sibling of the child
pursuant to this section or section 2151.353 or 2151.415 of the Revised Code, or under an existing or
former law of this state, any other state, or the United States that is substantially equivalent to those
sections, and the parent has failed to provide clear and convincing evidence to prove that, notwithstanding
the prior termination, the parent can provide a legally secure permanent placement and adequate care for
the health, welfare, and safety of the child.”
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 26
fact pattern[,]” and that “each child has spent more than seventy months
living with someone other than their parents.” As set forth above, the record
also indicates that the family's current involvement with MCJ&FS
represented the fifth case with the family.
{¶37} Finally, with regard to the children's need for a legally secure
placement, the trial court found that it was "unfortunately * * * necessary to
terminate the parental rights of the parents to create a path for permanency
and stability for the [children]." The court cited the mother's abandonment,
as well as Appellant’s "regular brushes with the law resulting in jail and
prison" in justification of its finding. The court further found that despite the
children's desire to live with their brother, that desire was not grounded in
reality, and that such an arrangement was not "an option for the Court,
particularly given that the only motion before the Court is that of the
agency." Further, we already discussed the trial court's findings regarding
the pertinent R.C. 2151.414(E) factors.
{¶38} Thus, it appears from our review of the trial court's decision
that the necessary best interest factors were taken into consideration by the
trial court and appear to weigh in favor of a grant of permanent custody to
MCJ&FS. Although Appellant contends that the trial court "mis-weighed"
the statutory factors and placed undue emphasis on [R.C.]
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 27
2151.414(D)(1)(d), we cannot conclude that this is one of the those
exceptional cases in which the evidence weighs heavily against the trial
court's decision or that the trial court clearly lost its way.
{¶39} We also note at this juncture that “[i]f permanent custody is in
the child's best interest, legal custody or placement with [a parent or other
relative] necessarily is not.” In the Matter of A.A. and N.A., 4th Dist. Athens
No. 14CA38, 39-40, 2015-Ohio-1962, ¶ 64; quoting In re K.M., 9th Dist.
Medina No. 14CA0025–M, 2014-Ohio-4268, ¶ 9. Here, we have discussed
the trial court's best interest findings and have found no error with respect to
its determination that a grant of permanent custody to MCJ&FS was in the
children's best interests. That same analysis applies here. Because the
evidence supports the trial court's best interest finding, it also necessarily
supports the court's decision not to consider the children’s brother as a viable
placement, especially considering that at the time of the permanent custody
hearing, there was no competing motion for legal custody pending with the
court. In the Matter of A.A. and N.A. at ¶ 64.
{¶40} In light of the foregoing, we find no error with respect to the
trial court's decision to award permanent custody to MCJ&FS. Accordingly,
Appellant’s assignments of error are overruled and the judgment of the trial
court is affirmed.
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 28
JUDGMENT AFFIRMED.
Meigs App. No. 16CA9 29
JUDGMENT ENTRY
It is ordered that the JUDGMENT BE AFFIRMED and costs be
assessed to Appellant.
The Court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing
the Meigs County Common Pleas Court, Juvenile Division, to carry this
judgment into execution.
Any stay previously granted by this Court is hereby terminated as of
the date of this entry.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to
Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
Harsha, J. & Abele, J.: Concur in Judgment and Opinion.
For the Court,
BY: ______________________________
Matthew W. McFarland, Judge
NOTICE TO COUNSEL
Pursuant to Local Rule No. 14, this document constitutes a final
judgment entry and the time period for further appeal commences from
the date of filing with the clerk.