Glennon v. Harris , 149 Ala. 236 ( 1907 )

DOWDELL, J. —

The principal question and chief contention in the case, and the one on AArhic-h the cause may be finally determined, is based on the plea of the statute of limitations of six years. The complaint contained the common counts, embracing the count for money had and receiAmd for plaintiffs use and benefit.

The undisputed facts show that the plaintiff, appellant here, as dxecutor of the last will and testament of Amelia Durand, deceased, received and held in his hand $300, which was left as a legacy to the plaintiff, appellee hero, by said Amelia Durand under her said last will. The defendant, James K. Glen non, was nominated in said will as executor and without bond. He qualified as such executor and took possession of the assets of the estate. The plaintiff was an ignorant and illiterate colored woman and former servant in the family of testatrix. She knew that Mrs. Durand left a last will but did not know its contents. The defendant, Glennon, informed the plaintiff that the amount of the legacy left the plaintiff under the will was $200. The defendant paid plaintiff the $200 in installments of $10, for which he took receipts from plaintiff. In March, 1896, defendant made final settlement of his executorship in the probate court. The defendant testified that at the time of making final settlement of his executoaship he sent for the plaintiff and informed her that lie had paid her $200, all that was coming to her under the will, and that, as he had lost one of her receipts for $10, he wanted her to'give him a receipt for the $200 paid, to file as his voucher on the settlement. The defendant further testified that he paid the $200 to the plaintiff in installments of $10 a mouth, and that he kept the legacy and paid it to the plaintiff in installments by the month at ])] a in tiff’s request. The defendant further testified that he made a mistake in informing the plaintiff that her legacy under the will was $200 instead of $300, aud that under this erroneous impression of his as to the amount of the legacy, on the final settlement, he paid the r emaining $100 over to the residuary legatee under the will. It is shown that the plaintiff did not learn that tire legacy left her under the will.was $300 until within a month or two before the commencement of this suit, when she made demand on the defendant for the balance of her legacy, the $100, and -the defendant refused to pay the same.

If an express trust was created by the agreement of the defendant to retain the legacy and pay it over to the plaintiff in monthly installments of $10, then the statute of limitations would not begin to run against the demand until there Avas a clear disavoAval of the trust by the trustee, and such disaA'OAval brought to the knowledge of the cestui que trust. Here there Avas no such disaA'OAval, but, on the contrary, a recognition of it until the defendant had paid over to the plaintiff $200 in installments, and the failure to pay over the remaining $100 Avas the result of the defendant’s erroneous impression, as he claims, that the legacy Avas $200. The defendant’s erroneous impression as to the amount of the legacy could not change the trust relation between the parties. In Taylor v. Benham, 5 How. (U. S.) 233, 274, 12 L. Ed. 130, Mr. Justice Woodbury, speaking for the court said: “So every person Avho receives money to be paid to another, or to be applied to a particular purpose, to Avhich he does not apply it, is a trustee, and may be sued either at laAv, for money had and received, or in equity, as a trustee, for a breach trust.” And in that case it avus held that the statute of limitations did not commence to run until there Avas a demand and refusal to pay. On somnwhat analagous facts it Avas held .in Coster v. Murray, 5 Johns, Ch. (N. Y.) 522, 531, that an express trust waS created, and the statute of limitations did not run. See Terry on Trusts, (5th Ed.) § 863. In Hastic & Silver v. Aiken, 67 Ala. 313, a sum of money AA'hich was deposited in bank to be under the management of a-certain firm was held to be funds of an express trust against which the statute did not run. In Whetstone, v. Whetstone, 75 Ala. 495, on the death of an ancestor leaving a will, of AA'hich one of his sons was executor, a final settlement Avas made by the executor of the estate, and lie then assumed, with the consent of his sister, to receive, hold, and manage her share of the estate as her agent and trustee. It Avas held to be an express continuing trust, against- AA'hich the statute did not ruu.

The appellant here assumed, with the consent of the appellee, to hold her legacy for her as her agent or trustee, and to pay it out to her in small monthly installments. The relation of the parties Avas not that of ordinary debtor and creditor. No interest Avas chargeable against the defendant until on a demand and refusal to pay. The defendant in the first instance as executor occupied a fiduciary relation to the plaintiff as to (he legacy, and Avlien he agreed AAdtli the plaintiff to hold the legacy in his hands and pay it to her in monthly installments of $30, an express trust betAveen plaintiff and defendant Avas thereby created as to the fund. It Avas, in effect and in law, the same as if the plaintiff had deposited that amount of money in the hands of the defendant, to be held and paid to her in monthly installments. The subsequent final settlement by the defendant in the probate court of his accounts as executor, and his final discharge as such executor, did not and could not in law change his trust relation ns to the amount of plaintiffs legacy at the time remaining in his hands; nor did the payment by him of this amount over to- the icsiduary legatee through a mistake alter his trust relation to the plaintiff. On the defendant’s own testimony and the undisputed facts in the case, avc are of opinion that the statute of limitations of six years, as a defense to the action, is Avithout merit, and the plaintiff was entitled to have the general affirmative charge1 given in her favor. And, this being true, error, if any, committed by the court against the appellant in the oral charge of the court, or in the given charges for rhe appellee1, Avas error without injury.

Affirmed.

Tyson, C. J., and Simpson and Anderson, JJ., concur.