Thornhill v. Cowart , 205 Ala. 455 ( 1921 )

This cause originated in a petition by appellee, Cowart, to the Morgan county court for a writ of prohibition, or other appropriate writ, directed to appellant, Thornhill, and prohibiting him from acting as a justice of the peace in the trial of an action against appellee for the recovery of the sum of $50 as damages for an alleged tort. Judgment went for the petitioner, and respondent, Thornhill, has appealed.

Appellant's right to discharge the functions of a justice of the peace in precinct 19 of Morgan county is involved, and that right depends upon the correct construction of pertinent acts of the Legislature. Prohibition, affording a speedy determination of questions involving public interests, is a proper remedy in such cases. Ex parte Roundtree, 51 Ala. 42.

Justices of the peace, not exceeding two in each precinct, are constitutional officers. Const. 1901, § 168. But in certain conditions the Legislature may provide by law for an inferior court in lieu of justices of the peace (section 168, supra), and in 1915 the Legislature passed an act creating an inferior court in lieu of justices of the peace in precinct 19 of Morgan county, wherein appellant is now exercising jurisdiction. Thereafter there was no authority of law for justices of the peace in precinct 19. But in 1919, September 12th, the Legislature repealed the act creating an inferior court in lieu of justices of the peace in precinct 19. Local Acts, p. 136. The passage of this repealing act, without more, created a vacancy in the office of justice of the peace, and appellant was appointed by the Governor to fill the vacancy pending an election. Appellant now holds his commission in virtue of this appointment. But at the same session of the Legislature, September 24, 1919 (Loc. Acts, p. 194), an act was passed creating the county court of Morgan, and conferring upon it civil jurisdiction in all cases where the amount involved does not exceed $1,000. Local Acts, p. 194. We have no brief for appellee, but we presume that this last-mentioned act was held to satisfy the constitutional requirement of justices of the peace or an inferior court in lieu thereof. At least, nothing other has occurred to us. But we think this suggestion, though it has seemed worthy of consideration, will not suffice to sustain the judgment against appellant. The civil jurisdiction conferred upon the Morgan county court includes all jurisdiction of justices of the peace. But the act does not purport in terms to create a court in lieu of justices of the peace in precinct 19. On the contrary, it provides for appeals from justices of the peace without excluding precinct 19 from the operation of such provision. In like manner provision is made for the issue of warrants by justices of the peace returnable to the county court. The Morgan county court is therefore not an inferior court in lieu of justices of the peace within the meaning of section 168 of the Constitution. No good reason occurring to us why appellant should not be allowed to exercise the office of justice of the peace in precinct 19 of Morgan county, our judgment is that the writ of prohibition was erroneously awarded. Judgment will be here rendered, dismissing appellee's petition.

Reversed and rendered.

ANDERSON, C. J., and GARDNER and MILLER, JJ., concur.