Tauscher v. Hanshew ( 2017 )

NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.
IN THE
ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION ONE
In re the Marriage of:
JACQUELINE M. TAUSCHER (fka HANSHEW), Petitioner/Appellant,
v.
ERIC A. HANSHEW, Respondent/Appellee.
No. 1 CA-CV 15-0661 FC
FILED 4-13-2017
Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
No. FC2013-053238
The Honorable Jerry Porter, Judge (Retired)
AFFIRMED
COUNSEL
Jones, Skelton & Hochuli PLC, Phoenix
By Lori L. Voepel
Counsel for Petitioner/Appellant
Burt Feldman & Grenier, Scottsdale
By Elizabeth Feldman
Co-Counsel for Respondent/Appellee
Melinda K. Cekander, Heron, Montana
Co-Counsel for Respondent/Appellee
TAUSCHER v. HANSHEW
Decision of the Court
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Judge Maurice Portley1 delivered the decision of the Court, in which
Presiding Judge Samuel A. Thumma and Chief Judge Michael J. Brown
joined.
P O R T L E Y, Judge:
¶1 Jacqueline M. Tauscher (“Mother”) appeals from a decree of
dissolution entered after the parties disputed the terms of a handwritten
settlement agreement. For the reasons stated below, we affirm the decree.
BACKGROUND
¶2 Mother filed a petition to dissolve her marriage to Eric A.
Hanshew (“Father”) in July 2013. On the scheduled trial date, and in lieu
of a trial, the parties resolved their dispute and presented the family court
a handwritten agreement, prepared by Father’s attorney, which
represented their agreements. The court then placed the parties under oath,
asked them questions, and both parties confirmed on the record that (1) the
handwritten document represented their agreements and (2) they
understood the document and entered into the agreements freely, without
duress. The court accepted the handwritten document, as well as two other
provisions regarding parental communication and summer vacation time
as a “Rule 69 Agreement.” See Ariz. R. Fam. Law P. 69 (“ARFLP”) (“Rule
69”).2 The court further found the agreement was fair and reasonable, and
ordered Father’s attorney to prepare a final decree.
¶3 Father’s attorney prepared a proposed consent decree, which
Mother refused to sign. Her attorney withdrew from the case and Father’s
attorney filed the unsigned proposed consent decree with the court.
Mother retained another attorney, objected to Father’s proposed consent
decree, and submitted her own proposed consent decree, which she
1The Honorable Maurice Portley, Retired Judge of the Court of Appeals,
Division One, has been authorized to sit in this matter pursuant to Article
VI, Section 3 of the Arizona Constitution.
2 Absent material revision after the relevant date, we cite the current version
of court rules and statutes.
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TAUSCHER v. HANSHEW
Decision of the Court
claimed accurately represented the parties’ agreements. Without noting
that there were competing decrees, the court signed Mother’s proposed
decree. Father then moved to set aside the decree, and the court held a
status conference.
¶4 At the conference, the family court referred to the
handwritten agreement, and considered the parties’ statements to the court
confirming they had entered into the agreement. It also considered
argument from counsel as well as exhibits attached to Mother’s pleadings
supporting her position. The court reviewed the handwritten statement
against the signed decree and Father’s proposed decree.
¶5 Father submitted another proposed decree following the
status conference and Mother filed her objections. The court signed
Father’s proposed decree (the “Final Decree”), thereby implicitly
overruling Mother’s objections. She filed her notice of appeal, and we have
jurisdiction pursuant to Arizona Revised Statutes (“A.R.S.”) section 12-
2101(A)(1).
DISCUSSION
I. The Family Court Satisfied its Obligation to Ensure the Rule 69
Agreement and Final Decree were Fair and Equitable.
¶6 Mother contends the family court abused its discretion by
denying her the opportunity to establish that the Rule 69 Agreement
contained errors, resulting in a Final Decree that was not fair and equitable.
¶7 Section 25-317 states that parties to a dissolution proceeding
may enter into a written agreement regarding, among other things, the
disposition of property, spousal maintenance, and child custody matters.
Moreover, the statute provides that the court retains discretion to reject the
parties’ agreement if it finds the terms are not fair and equitable. See A.R.S.
§ 25-317(B).
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TAUSCHER v. HANSHEW
Decision of the Court
¶8 Rule 69 also allows the parties to enter into an agreement in a
family court matter.3 Rule 69(A) provides that “[a]n Agreement between
the parties shall be valid and binding if . . . the agreement is in writing, or
[if] the terms of the agreement are set forth on the record before a judge. . .
.” ARFLP 69(A) (1)-(2).
¶9 The plain language of Rule 69 does not require the parties to
sign the agreement for it to be enforceable, especially where the parties
enter the written agreement into the record, and tell the court, under oath,
they have freely and voluntarily made the agreement. And because Rule
69 was adapted from Arizona Rule of Civil Procedure 80(d), we look to the
cases interpreting Rule 80(d) for guidance. ARFLP 69, comm. cmt.; see also
Ariz. R. Civ. P. 80(d). The plain language of both Rule 80(d) and Rule
69(A)(1) require a settlement agreement to be in writing.; namely, as we
said in Canyon Contracting Co. v. Tohono O‘Odham Housing Authority, the
material terms of the agreement had to be in writing. 172 Ariz. 389, 392–93
(App. 1992). Similarly, Rule 69(B) provides that the parties’ written
agreement is presumed valid, but the court retains discretion to reject the
agreement pursuant to A.R.S. § 25-317. And the rule places the burden of
proof on the party challenging the validity of the agreement.
3 Rule 69 provides that:
A. An Agreement between the parties shall be valid and binding if
1. the agreement is in writing, or
2. the terms of the agreement are set forth on the record before a
judge, commissioner, judge pro tempore, court reporter, or other
person authorized by local rule or Administrative Order to accept
such agreements, or
3. the terms of the agreement are set forth on any audio recording
device before a mediator or settlement conference officer appointed
by the court pursuant to Rule 67.
B. Any agreement entered into by the parties under this rule shall be
presumed to be valid and binding, and it shall be the burden of the
party challenging the validity of the agreement to prove any defect
in the agreement, except that nothing herein shall preclude the court
from exercising its independent discretion pursuant to A.R.S. § 25-
317. Pursuant to A.R.S. § 25-324, the court may award a party the cost
and expenses of maintaining or defending a proceeding to challenge
the validity of an agreement made in accordance with this rule.
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Decision of the Court
¶10 Mother argues the family court erred in concluding she had
the burden of proving the Rule 69 Agreement was invalid. Citing Sharp v.
Sharp, 179 Ariz. 205, 210 (App. 1994), Mother contends Father bore the
burden of proving the agreement was valid. Father argues Rule 69(B)
places the burden of proof on Mother. The appropriate burden of proof is
a question of law which this court reviews de novo. Am. Pepper Supply Co.
v. Fed. Ins. Co., 208 Ariz. 307, 309, ¶ 8 (2004).
¶11 In Sharp, wife signed a settlement agreement presented to her
by husband. 179 Ariz. at 207. Although both parties were initially
represented by counsel, after husband’s counsel withdrew, husband began
to negotiate directly with wife. Id. After wife’s attorney refused to accept
the agreement, husband moved to enforce it in a motion to enforce/motion
for summary judgment. Id. at 207-08. In response, wife alleged the
agreement was invalid because it was unfair and she was under duress
when she signed it. Id. Thus, Sharp did not involve a presumptively valid
Rule 69 Agreement; instead, it was decided on summary judgment where
the moving party bears the burden of proof. See Nat’l Bank of Ariz. v.
Thruston, 218 Ariz. 112, 119, ¶ 26 (App. 2008). And because there was a
factual dispute about both whether it was fair and entered into freely,
husband was not entitled to summary judgment. Sharp, 179 Ariz. at 210-11.
Here, given the court’s prior determination that the parties had freely
entered into the Rule 69 Agreement, and it was fair and reasonable, Mother,
as the party challenging the agreement, bore the burden of proof.
¶12 Mother also argues she was entitled to an evidentiary hearing
once she challenged the validity of the agreement and the court failed to
determine the extent of the community assets. Sharp explained when the
need for an evidentiary hearing might arise:
While it is possible for the trial court to decide by summary
judgment whether an agreement is equitable, in this case
there were plainly disputed facts on the question of the
fairness of the agreement, and the court was presented no
evidence as to the extent of the community assets. Although
the dissolution decree states that the parties’ agreements are
not unfair, neither the decree nor the court’s minute entry
granting summary judgment contains any basis on which the
court could have made such a determination and, indeed,
there is no such evidence in the record on which such a
conclusion could be based.
179 Ariz. at 210.
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Decision of the Court
¶13 Unlike Sharp, here, both parties met with counsel, negotiated
an agreement, presented it to the family court, testified under oath they
were familiar with and understood the agreement, and entered into the
agreement freely without coercion or duress. Additionally, when the court
accepted the parties’ handwritten agreement, the record contained (1)
Mother’s proposed resolution statement and (2) the parties’ joint pretrial
statement detailing, among other things, the community assets and
personal property, as well as a stipulation that no outstanding discovery
issues existed. After Mother challenged the handwritten agreement, the
court held a hearing and went through each disputed term. The court did
not need to conduct a formal evidentiary hearing because it had other
evidence in the record and heard from the parties and their attorneys.
Under these circumstances, the court properly exercised its discretion to
determine the Rule 69 Agreement, and resulting Final Decree, were fair and
equitable. Mother has shown no abuse of discretion.
II. The Court’s Determination that Rule 69 Agreement and Final
Decree Were Fair and Equitable is Supported by the Record.4
¶14 Mother claims the Rule 69 Agreement and resulting Final
Decree were incorrect, unfair, or inequitable, specifically as to payments
Father allegedly made from the home equity line of credit (“HELOC”) and
the value of the firearms. However, this claim is contrary to Mother’s sworn
statement at trial where she stated on the record that the handwritten
agreement reflected her understanding of the terms agreed to by the
parties.
¶15 The Rule 69 Agreement stated the parties would split the
HELOC debt equally, and did not indicate the parties agreed Father would
use his separate property to pay the civil attorneys’ fees and fund the
children’s education accounts. By testifying that the handwritten
agreement correctly reflected her understanding of the parties’ agreement,
Mother cannot now argue the parties actually agreed Father would use his
separate property to pay these obligations. Neither Mother nor her attorney
attempted to clarify the source of the payments to the children’s education
accounts and Father’s civil attorneys’ fees until after the agreement was
4 For the first time in her reply brief, Mother contends the handwritten
agreement did not meet the requirements of Rule 69 and is not enforceable
because it was not signed. Issues raised for the first time in reply on appeal
will not be considered. See Dawson v. Withycombe, 216 Ariz. 84, 111, ¶ 91
(App. 2007).
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Decision of the Court
entered into and placed into the record, and Father had provided her with
his initial proposed consent decree.
¶16 Contrary to her argument on appeal, at the status conference,
Mother agreed to split the HELOC debt equally as of August 6, 2014. This
concession was after Mother had reason to know Father used the HELOC
funds to pay the civil attorneys’ fees, education funds, and possibly a
$10,000 advance payment made to Mother. Thus, Mother cannot now
argue on appeal that the division of the HELOC was unfair.5
¶17 Mother argued the agreement to pay their own attorneys’ fees
included the $8,000 civil attorneys’ fees. The evidence showed Father paid
these fees from the HELOC before the petition for dissolution was served.
Thus, Mother was aware, or had the ability to discover, that Father made
this payment from the HELOC before she agreed to pay one-half of the
HELOC balance.6 Nothing in the record established that the fees were
Father’s separate obligation, or that the Rule 69 Agreement applied to the
civil fees as well as the divorce attorneys’ fees. Regardless, Father agreed
to offset the civil attorneys’ fees by paying the higher AMEX credit card
debt.
¶18 Father charged $5,000 of his divorce attorneys’ fees to a
Cabela’s Visa credit card just before the dissolution petition was served.
The Rule 69 Agreement did not address the Cabela’s Visa, but the Final
Decree assigned that debt to Father, with Mother’s agreement. As to the
firearms, Mother agreed to an equalization payment of $10,894.50 based on
the valuation in the personal property inventory attached to the Rule 69
Agreement. The inventory specifically valued the firearms at $4,554.50.
Mother was represented by counsel, and she signed the first page of the
inventory. Because she testified that the inventory correctly reflected her
understanding of the terms of the parties’ agreement, Mother cannot now
argue that the firearms are worth more than the value stated in the
inventory.
5Mother argues she did not waive this argument because it was raised in
her objections with the family court and addressed at the status conference.
The issue was raised, but then Mother’s attorney agreed to pay half the
HELOC debt at the status conference.
6This same reasoning applies to the children’s education accounts, which
appear to have been funded, at least in part, by HELOC funds in early 2013,
several months before the petition for dissolution was filed.
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Decision of the Court
¶19 Mother also contends Father should be estopped from
arguing that she failed to establish the Rule 69 Agreement and Final Decree
were unfair and inequitable because he objected when Mother attempted
to introduce evidence. She asks us to disregard Father’s attempt to support
the Final Decree by “show[ing] his math” because his attorney refused to
disclose the source of the $10,000 advance payment and the education
accounts. However, Father’s argument as to why the Rule 69 Agreement
and Final Decree are fair remains the same as the argument made to the
family court. Consequently, and without considering any new arguments
he makes, we find that the family court did not abuse its discretion by
finding the Rule 69 Agreement was fair and reasonable.
III. Custody Evaluator
¶20 Mother argues the Final Decree included language regarding
the custody evaluator’s report to which the parties did not agree. The Final
Decree included the following language to which Mother objected:
Mother has alleged the existence of domestic violence during
the marriage, which Father denies. The parties accept the
conclusion and recommendation of the custody evaluator,
John Moran, Ph.D., who found that an award of joint legal
decision making and an equal parenting time schedule was
appropriate and in the children’s best interests.
Mother argues the parties did not accept Dr. Moran’s report without
qualification; thus, the language should be deleted from the Final Decree.
¶21 On the record before the family court, the parties agreed to
two specific terms in Dr. Moran’s report regarding parental communication
and summer parenting time. Language similar to that quoted above first
appeared in Father’s proposed consent decree. Mother’s proposed decree
added the following italicized language: “The parties accept the conclusion
and recommendations of the custody evaluator, John Moran, Ph.D.
(incorporating the report of Jill Messing, MSW, Ph.D., Domestic Violence Expert
Witness) who found that an award of joint legal decision making and an
equal parenting time schedule was appropriate and in the children’s best
interests.” Mother argues she did not accept Dr. Moran’s report without
this qualification. The record on appeal does not include the report from
Dr. Moran or Dr. Messing. Accordingly, we cannot ascertain how Mother
was prejudiced by the deleted reference to Dr. Messing’s report and cannot
conclude the court abused its discretion by deleting this language.
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Decision of the Court
IV. Attorneys’ Fees and Costs on Appeal
¶22 Both parties request an award of attorneys’ fees and costs on
appeal pursuant to A.R.S. § 25-324 and Rule 69. The record contains no
current information regarding the parties’ financial resources. After
considering the reasonableness of the positions taken by the parties on
appeal, we decline to award attorneys’ fees to either party. As the
successful party, Father is entitled to an award of costs on appeal upon
compliance with ARCAP 21.
CONCLUSION
¶23 We affirm the Final Decree of dissolution.
AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
FILED: AA
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