State of Arizona v. Juan Manuel Molina ( 2005 )

FILED BY CLERK
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS AUG 30 2005
STATE OF ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION TWO DIVISION TWO
THE STATE OF ARIZONA, )
) 2 CA-CR 2004-0222
Appellee, ) DEPARTMENT A
)
v. ) OPINION
)
JUAN MANUEL MOLINA, )
)
Appellant. )
)
APPEAL FROM THE SUPERIOR COURT OF PIMA COUNTY
Cause No. CR-20034193
Honorable Virginia Kelly, Judge
AFFIRMED
Terry Goddard, Arizona Attorney General
By Randall M. Howe and David A. Sullivan Tucson
Attorneys for Appellee
Creighton Cornell, P.C.
By Creighton Cornell Tucson
Attorney for Appellant
E C K E R S T R O M, Judge.
¶1 Appellant Juan Manuel Molina was convicted after a jury trial of unlawful
imprisonment, a class six felony; aggravated assault with a deadly weapon or dangerous
instrument, a class three felony; and aggravated assault causing temporary and substantial
disfigurement, a class four felony. He was sentenced to concurrent, aggravated and partially
aggravated terms of imprisonment, the longest of which was ten years. On appeal, Molina
contends the trial court erred in denying his motion for judgment of acquittal on one of the
two aggravated assault charges. He also challenges the sentences, claiming, inter alia, that
the trial court erred by finding and considering aggravating circumstances, in violation of
Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296, 124 S. Ct. 2531 (2004). We affirm.
Factual and Procedural Background
¶2 “We view the facts and all reasonable inferences therefrom in the light most
favorable to upholding the verdicts.” State v. Tamplin, 195 Ariz. 246, ¶ 2, 986 P.2d 914,
914 (App. 1999). On an evening in December 2003, E. walked to the home of his friend,
John Rozanski (the codefendant), so they could “hang out” and “drink a few beers.” Molina
arrived at Rozanski’s house later that night and prepared two, three-quarter-inch or inch-
long “lines” of powdered cocaine for consumption. E. inhaled both of the “lines.”
¶3 Angry that E. had inhaled the entire amount, both Rozanski and Molina
attacked E. Rozanski knocked E. to the ground, pinned him, and punched his face and
head. At some point, E.’s legs were tied together with extension cords. While Rozanski
continued to hold E. to the ground, Molina removed E.’s shoes, doused his socks with
2
rubbing alcohol, and set fire to his bound feet. Molina also attacked E. by shocking him,
pulling his pants down, and setting fire to his lower back, legs, and hands.
¶4 After beating and burning E., Molina and Rozanski dragged him into the
bathroom and threatened him at gunpoint with further harm. E. testified that Rozanski and
Molina then had “partied” through the rest of the night and had allowed E. to leave in the
morning. E. walked home and immediately contacted the police.
¶5 As a result of the assault, E. suffered numerous bruises and facial fractures.
He also received small burns on his hands, second-degree burns on his feet, and a third-
degree burn on his lower back. The burns required medical treatment, including the use of
antibiotic ointment; surgery was required to treat the burn on his back.
¶6 At the close of the state’s case against him, Molina moved for a judgment of
acquittal pursuant to Rule 20, Ariz. R. Crim. P., 17 A.R.S. The court denied the motion,
and the jury found him guilty of the three offenses.
¶7 At sentencing, the trial court found the following aggravating circumstances:
(1) Molina had been placed on probation “just a matter of weeks” before assaulting E.;
(2) Molina had used cocaine on the night of the incident while on probation; (3) the manner
in which Molina had attacked E. had caused him severe pain; (4) the fact that E. had
required surgery after the assault; (5) Molina had been convicted of six prior misdemeanors,
at least one of which involved the use of a firearm; and (6) Molina’s lack of remorse. Based
on those circumstances, the court sentenced Molina to a fully aggravated prison term on the
3
unlawful imprisonment conviction and partially aggravated terms on both aggravated assault
convictions.
Denial of Rule 20 Motion
¶8 Rule 20 requires the trial court to enter a judgment of acquittal before the
verdict is rendered “if there is no substantial evidence to warrant a conviction.”
“‘Substantial evidence is proof that reasonable persons could accept as sufficient to support
a conclusion of a defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.’” State v. Hall, 204 Ariz.
442, ¶ 49, 65 P.3d 90, 102 (2003), quoting State v. Spears, 184 Ariz. 277, 290, 908 P.2d
1062, 1075 (1996). “If reasonable minds could differ on the inferences to be drawn from
the evidence,” which we construe in favor of upholding the trial court’s ruling, the motion
for judgment of acquittal must be denied and the decision will be affirmed. State v.
Sullivan, 205 Ariz. 285, ¶ 6, 69 P.3d 1006, 1008 (App. 2003).
¶9 The state charged Molina with two counts of aggravated assault. The first
charge, aggravated assault with a dangerous instrument or deadly weapon, was based on the
theory that a burning, flammable liquid had been used as a dangerous instrument. See
A.R.S. § 13-1204(A)(2). A dangerous instrument is “anything that under the circumstances
in which it is used . . . is readily capable of creating a substantial risk of causing death or
serious physical injury.” A.R.S. § 13-105(11). On appeal, Molina contends the state
presented insufficient evidence that the ignited alcohol had been used in a manner consistent
4
with the statutory definition of “dangerous instrument” because no serious physical injury
resulted from the assault. We disagree.
¶10 Whether a victim actually suffered a serious physical injury is not an essential
element of aggravated assault under § 13-1204(A)(2). Rather, the jury could conclude that
Molina committed aggravated assault if he used a dangerous instrument to inflict “any
physical injury to another person.” § 13-1203(A)(1) (emphasis added); see also § 13-
1204(A)(2). A physical injury is any “impairment of physical condition.” § 13-105(29).
¶11 Here, the state presented substantial evidence to support the jury’s finding that
(1) Molina’s assault with the flammable liquid was, under the circumstances in which it had
been used, readily capable of creating a substantial risk of causing death or serious physical
injury, and (2) that it did, in fact, cause some physical injury. A state criminalist testified
that rubbing alcohol had been found in the charred carpet samples taken from Rozanski’s
house and that the substance is a “flammable liquid . . . like gasoline.” According to E.,
Molina had “doused” E.’s socks with a liquid before setting fire to E.’s bound feet and lower
back. E.’s physician, Dr. Hekimian, testified that E. had sustained burns to his back and
extremities, including a third-degree burn to his lower back and buttocks. According to
Hekimian, second- and third-degree burns can be life threatening if left untreated and, even
appropriately treated, third-degree burns like those sustained by E. could leave “unsightly
scars.”
5
¶12 From this evidence, the jury reasonably could have concluded that Molina had
poured a flammable liquid on E., had ignited it, and that the liquid was capable of causing
and did cause third-degree burns. The jury also could reasonably conclude from the
physician’s testimony that when used to cause third-degree burns, the flammable liquid was
readily capable of causing serious physical injury—even if it arguably did not do so in the
instant case. See A.R.S. § 13-105(34) (defining “serious physical injury” as a “physical
injury which creates a reasonable risk of death, or which causes serious and permanent
disfigurement, serious impairment of health or loss or protracted impairment of the function
of any bodily organ or limb”). Therefore, Molina’s motion for judgment of acquittal was
properly denied.
Sentencing Error
¶13 Molina alleges a variety of sentencing errors on appeal. He first urges this
court to remand the case for resentencing because the aggravating circumstances were not
found in conformity with Blakely’s requirements. Molina also argues there was insufficient
evidence to support a number of the aggravating circumstances the trial court found. Finally,
Molina argues the court improperly double-counted the actual ignition of the rubbing
alcohol as an aggravating circumstance because that act was an element of the underlying
offense.
6
A. Blakely error
¶14 In Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 490, 120 S. Ct. 2348, 2362-63, 147
L. Ed. 2d 435, 455 (2000), the Supreme Court held that the Sixth Amendment requires that,
“[o]ther than the fact of a prior conviction, any fact that increases the penalty for a crime
beyond the prescribed statutory maximum must be submitted to a jury, and proved beyond
a reasonable doubt.” In Blakely, the Court refined Apprendi, holding that “the ‘statutory
maximum’ for Apprendi purposes is the maximum sentence a judge may impose solely on
the basis of the facts reflected in the jury verdict or admitted by the defendant.” 542 U.S.
at ___, 124 S. Ct. at 2537. In Arizona, the statutory maximum is the presumptive term. See
State v. Brown, 209 Ariz. 200, ¶ 12, 99 P.3d 15, 18 (2004) (the “maximum sentence” under
Apprendi is the presumptive sentence); State v. Johnson, 210 Ariz. 438, ¶ 10, 111 P.3d
1038, 1041 (App. 2005) (same, with analysis). Blakely applies to cases, such as Molina’s,
that were pending on direct review when Blakely was decided. See State v. Miranda-
Cabrera, 209 Ariz. 220, ¶ 26, 99 P.3d 35, 41 (App. 2004); see also Griffith v. Kentucky,
479 U.S. 314, 328, 107 S. Ct. 708, 716, 93 L. Ed. 2d 649, 658 (1987) (new constitutional
rules apply to cases that are not yet final).
¶15 Preliminarily, the state contends that Molina has waived his right to appeal his
sentence under Blakely because, as it correctly observes, he failed to challenge his sentence
on those grounds in the trial court. But, as our supreme court has recently noted:
“Defendants who fail to object to error at trial do not, strictly speaking, ‘waive’ their claims.
7
Rather, defendants who fail to object to an error below forfeit the right to obtain appellate
relief unless they prove that fundamental error occurred.” State v. Martinez, 210 Ariz. 578,
n.2, 115 P.3d 618, 620 n.2 (2005); see also State v. Henderson, 210 Ariz. 561, ¶ 19, 115
P.3d 601, 607 (2005) (“Fundamental error review . . . applies when a defendant fails to
object to alleged trial error.”). Accordingly, we review Molina’s Blakely claims for
fundamental error. Fundamental error is error that deprives the defendant of the possibility
of a fair trial and is curable only by granting a new trial. State v. Gendron, 168 Ariz. 153,
155, 812 P.2d 626, 628 (1991). Molina bears the burden of persuasion, and he “must
establish both that fundamental error exists and that the error in his case caused him
prejudice.” Henderson, 210 Ariz. 561, ¶ 20, 115 P.3d at 607.
¶16 In analyzing whether the prison terms here violated Blakely, we are mindful
that, under the state’s noncapital sentencing code, the sentencing body needs to find only
one aggravating factor in conformity with Blakely standards to permit the imposition of an
aggravated sentence. A.R.S. § 13-702(D). As the Arizona Supreme Court has recently held,
so long as one aggravating factor is either in compliance with or exempt from the dictates of
Blakely, “the Sixth Amendment permits the sentencing judge to find and consider additional
factors relevant to the imposition of a sentence up to the maximum prescribed in that
statute.” Martinez, 210 Ariz. 578, ¶ 26, 115 P.3d at 625.
¶17 The state contends that one of the aggravating factors the trial court relied
on—Molina’s six prior misdemeanor convictions—is exempt from the jury trial requirements
8
of Blakely. The state is correct that the fact of a defendant’s prior convictions is Blakely
exempt. See Apprendi, 530 U.S. at 490, 120 S. Ct. at 2362-63, 147 L. Ed. 2d at 455
(“[o]ther than the fact of a prior conviction, any fact that increases the penalty for a crime
beyond the prescribed statutory maximum must be submitted to a jury, and proved beyond
a reasonable doubt.”) (emphasis added); see also State v. Aleman, 210 Ariz. 232, ¶ 26, 109
P.3d 571, 580 (App. 2005) (misdemeanor convictions Blakely exempt if secured in a Sixth
Amendment-compliant manner). But the record before us does not support the state’s
contention that the trial court found the fact of Molina’s prior misdemeanor convictions as
a discrete aggravating factor. Instead, the court found Molina had “six prior misdemeanors,
at least one [of which] involved threats with a firearm to someone else.” And, the text of the
sentencing minute entry suggests the trial court considered the alleged threats with a firearm
the exclusive aggravating factor of his misdemeanor record—rather than the existence or
number of Molina’s prior misdemeanor convictions.1
¶18 Of the six misdemeanor convictions—burglary, shoplifting, reckless driving,
theft, threats and intimidation, and false reporting to law enforcement—none required the
use of a firearm as an essential element of the offense.2 The trial court’s finding thus rested
1
When itemizing the aggravating factors she had found, the court recharacterized the
factor in question as follows: “At least one of the defendant’s prior misdemeanors involved
threats with a firearm.”
2
Although the presentence report contained brief synopses of the facts underlying
each of the misdemeanor convictions, none of those synopses demonstrated that Molina
either used or admitted using an actual firearm.
9
on a factual conclusion not inherent in those convictions. Accordingly, the trial court’s
consideration of Molina’s alleged used of a firearm as an aggravating circumstance in the
absence of a jury finding to that effect violated the requirements of Blakely. Because the
trial court did not consider Molina’s misdemeanor convictions as a specific aggravating
circumstance apart from its conclusion that one of them involved a crime of gun violence,
its consideration of that factor was neither Blakely compliant nor exempt.
¶19 Similarly, we reject the state’s suggestion that the trial court considered the
fact of Molina’s prior felony conviction as an aggravating circumstance and that this factor
was Blakely exempt. Instead, the court found that Molina had committed the instant offense
after recently having been placed on probation for a prior offense.3 Because this was not
simply a finding that Molina had a prior felony conviction but instead focused on the
proximity of time between Molina’s placement on probation and the date he committed the
offenses at issue here, it is not Blakely exempt.
¶20 Therefore we reject the state’s contention that at least one aggravating
circumstance considered by the trial court was Blakely compliant or exempt. And we must
conclude that fundamental error occurred because the court aggravated Molina’s sentence
based exclusively on facts that were not found by the jury beyond a reasonable doubt. See
Henderson, 210 Ariz. 561, ¶ 25, 115 P.3d at 608 (“[I]t is difficult to conceive that use of
3
Molina pled guilty to attempted stalking on October 2, 2003, and was placed on
three years’ probation. Molina attacked E. eleven weeks later.
10
a procedure that denied rights guaranteed both by the Fifth and Sixth Amendments to the
United States Constitution could be other than fundamental error.”).
¶21 To be entitled to relief for fundamental error, Molina must also demonstrate
that he suffered prejudice as a result of that error. Id. ¶ 20. Because the error in question
involved the deprivation of the right to a jury trial as to a particular factual finding, we will
find the error prejudicial if a reasonable jury, applying the appropriate standard of proof,4
under the actual standards of a jury trial, could have reached a different result than did the
trial judge. Id. ¶ 27. Therefore, we must assess prejudice by the following standard: Had
the aggravating circumstance been submitted to a jury subject to a standard of proof of
beyond a reasonable doubt and subject to challenge by the defendant through cross-
examination or the presentation of contrary evidence, could a reasonable jury have reached
a different conclusion than the trial court?
¶22 After reviewing the specific facts of this case, we conclude that Molina was not
prejudiced by the trial court’s finding that he had recently been placed on probation for
another offense when he attacked E. See State v. Bible, 175 Ariz. 549, 572, 858 P.2d 1152,
1175 (1993) (noting that fundamental error review is “fact intensive”). At the sentencing
hearing, the state presented a certified copy of a minute entry that showed Molina had been
convicted of a felony on October 2, 2003, and he had been placed on probation. Molina
4
The appropriate standard of proof is beyond a reasonable doubt. See Apprendi v.
New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 490, 120 S. Ct. 2348, 2362-63, 147 L. Ed. 2d 435, 455 (2000);
see also State v. Henderson, 210 Ariz. 561, ¶ 25, 115 P.3d 601, 608 (2005).
11
did not object. Additionally, Molina’s probation officer identified Molina in court and
confirmed that Molina was on probation for that felony conviction when he committed the
instant offenses on December 18, 2003. Molina chose not to cross-examine the probation
officer or otherwise challenge that testimony, although he had every motivation to do so had
the facts presented therein been refutable.5 Nor does Molina challenge on appeal the
sufficiency of the evidence supporting that aggravating circumstance as he does five of the
other circumstances. Because we can find nothing in the record that causes us to question
the evidence presented indicating that Molina had been on probation for a short time before
assaulting E., we cannot say that “a reasonable jury applying the correct standard of proof
could have reached a different conclusion than did the trial judge as to . . . [this] aggravat[ing
circumstance].” Henderson, 210 Ariz. 561, ¶ 28, 115 P.3d at 609. He was not, therefore,
prejudiced by the trial court’s finding of this aggravating factor.
¶23 As noted above, our supreme court has found that “a jury finding of a single
aggravating factor establishes the facts legally essential to expose the defendant to the
maximum sentence,” Martinez, 210 Ariz. 578, ¶ 21, 115 P.3d at 624 (emphasis added), and
once that event has occurred, “the Sixth Amendment [then] permits the sentencing judge to
find and consider additional factors relevant to the imposition of a sentence up to the
maximum prescribed in th[e] statute.” Id. ¶ 26. For this reason, the only error we address
5
The allegation of a prior conviction increased the sentencing range for his unlawful
imprisonment conviction. See A.R.S. § 13-604(A). The allegation that he committed the
offenses while on probation required that he receive at least the presumptive sentence on all
three counts. See A.R.S. § 13-604.02(A) and (B).
12
is the failure of the trial court to find one aggravating circumstance in compliance with the
standards set forth in Blakely. Once we determine, as we have above, that one aggravating
circumstance would have been found by a jury had the court complied with the requirements
of Blakely, we need not address whether the jury could have reached a different conclusion
as to the other aggravating circumstances. Accordingly, we conclude that, although the trial
court committed fundamental error when it imposed an aggravated sentence in the absence
of a jury trial as to one or more of the aggravating circumstances, the error was not
prejudicial to Molina.
B. Sufficiency of evidence
¶24 Molina next argues that there was insufficient evidence to support five of the
additional circumstances it found as a basis to impose an aggravated sentence. At the time
the trial court sentenced Molina, such factors needed only be supported by “reasonable
evidence.” State v. Viramontes, 204 Ariz. 360, ¶ 14, 64 P.3d 188, 190 (2003); see also
State v. Meador, 132 Ariz. 343, 347, 645 P.2d 1257, 1261 (App. 1982) (holding that
aggravating circumstances need only be true and supported by reasonable evidence); but see
2005 Ariz. Sess. Laws, ch. 20, § 1 (effective Aug. 12, 2005) (amending prior version of
A.R.S. § 13-702(D) to read “if the trier of fact finds at least one aggravating circumstance,
the trial court may find by a preponderance of the evidence additional aggravating
circumstances”) (emphasis added).6
6
Although our supreme court has recently stated that, as to aggravating factors not
relevant to determining the appropriate statutory range, “the Sixth Amendment permits the
13
¶25 Molina challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support the trial court’s
findings that (1) he had used electric shocks to burn the victim’s hands; (2) he had used
cocaine at the codefendant’s house on the night of the incident; (3) he had caused the victim
to suffer extreme pain; (4) he had caused injuries requiring the victim to undergo “plastic
surgery” and (5) he had demonstrated no remorse for his conduct.7 We reject each
challenge.
¶26 First, Molina maintains that the trial record contains insufficient evidence that
he used electric shocks on the victim. He points to an excerpt of E.’s testimony wherein E.
acknowledged some uncertainty as to the specific device used to shock him. However, E.
did not express similar uncertainty about whether he was shocked, or by whom. E.’s
testimony was reasonable evidence from which the trial court could conclude that Molina
had shocked E.’s hands.
¶27 Second, Molina maintains that “[n]o testimony or evidence” substantiates that
he used cocaine at Rozanski’s house while on probation. Although Molina is correct that
judge to find those facts by a preponderance of the evidence,” State v. Martinez, 210 Ariz.
578, ¶ 26, 115 P.3d 618, 625 (2005), we do not believe it intended by that language to
replace the reasonable evidence standard for such findings in cases not subject to the recent
legislative amendment to A.R.S. § 13-702(D). Rather, the court was merely addressing the
specific facts of the case before it wherein the trial court had utilized the preponderance
standard in finding the aggravating factors. Id. ¶ 3. Nor do we find it likely that the court
intended, without analysis or other comment, to modify a standard it had so recently
endorsed in State v. Viramontes, 204 Ariz. 360, ¶ 14, 64 P.3d at 190.
7
As shall be discussed, Molina inaccurately characterizes the number and nature of
the aggravating factors found by the court.
14
the trial record contains no such evidence, the trial court was not limited to evidence
presented at trial in determining whether there was reasonable evidence to support this
aggravating circumstance. See A.R.S. § 13-702(B) (permitting trial court to consider “any
. . . information . . . submitted to the court . . . before sentencing” in aggravation or
mitigation). Here, the “Defendant’s Statement” in the presentence report contains Molina’s
concession that he and the codefendant “began consuming alcohol and using cocaine” at the
codefendant’s house before the incident occurred. The trial court was entitled to consider
this admission to the probation officer as reasonable evidence in support of this aggravating
circumstance. See State v. Moreno, 153 Ariz. 67, 70, 734 P.2d 609, 612 (App. 1986)
(“Whether information in the pre-sentence report is reliable is largely within the discretion
of the trial court and is generally admissible.”).
¶28 Third, Molina argues that “[n]o evidence or testimony reflects the amount of
pain the complainant experienced,” and, therefore, the court lacked sufficient evidence to
conclude that E. had suffered “extreme pain.” We disagree. At trial, E. described his pain
as “a lot of pain,” “not just an average pain,” and that it “hurt bad.” When police responded
to E.’s house after the incident, they found him yelling and crying from the pain. There was
sufficient evidence to support the trial court’s finding that the victim had suffered pain that
could be characterized as extreme.
¶29 Fourth, Molina contests the trial court’s finding that E. required “plastic
surgery to try to repair the skin on his back.” Although the trial record makes clear that a
15
plastic surgeon conducted surgery to excise the burnt tissue from E.’s back, Molina
maintains that the operation was not technically “plastic surgery” because it did not require
any skin grafts. Even if we were to accept Molina’s invitation to quibble about the precise
medical definition of “plastic surgery,” E. told the probation officer that his wounds had
required plastic surgery. That statement appeared in the presentence report and Molina did
not challenge it. See Ariz. R. Crim. P. 26.8, 17 A.R.S. (providing for objections to and
corrections of presentence report prior to hearing); see also State v. Nichols, 24 Ariz. App.
329, 330, 538 P.2d 416, 417 (1975) (defendant may waive objections to contents of
presentence report by failing to raise issue before sentencing hearing). Because the trial
court was entitled to rely on uncontested facts within the presentence report, there was
reasonable evidence supporting the court’s finding that E. had undergone plastic surgery to
repair the skin on his back.
¶30 Finally, Molina challenges the trial court’s finding that he lacked remorse for
his actions. He does so exclusively on the ground that “no testimony substantiates this
aggravator” and directs our attention to Molina’s statements to the police and to the court
wherein Molina respectively admits participation in the crime and indicates empathy for E.’s
suffering.8 However, the trial court explained the basis for its conclusion as follows: “You
may be acknowledging [that] you’re sorry for the injuries suffered by the defendant, but I’m
Molina does not argue that the trial court’s finding of lack of remorse implicated his
8
Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination. See State v. Hardwick, 183 Ariz. 649,
656, 905 P.2d 1384, 1391 (App. 1995).
16
not hearing from you nor do I see in your letter any acknowledgments that you are
responsible for the infliction of those injuries.”
¶31 The record supports the trial court’s conclusion. Molina initially admitted to
investigating officers that he and his codefendant had inflicted the injuries E. had sustained.
Molina also conceded that point at trial. However, when describing the incident in his
presentence statement, he denied having had anything to do with harming E. In that
statement, Molina further maintained that “he also [felt] like a victim because he was ‘not
guilty.’” Those statements, considered in light of Molina’s previous admissions to the
contrary provided the trial court with “reasonable evidence” from which it could conclude
that Molina lacked remorse for his criminal actions. See State v. Hardwick, 183 Ariz. 649,
656, 905 P.2d 1384, 1391 (App. 1995) (defining remorse as “‘a gnawing distress arising
from a sense of guilt for past wrongs’”), quoting Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate
Dictionary (1984).
C. Allegation of “double-counting”
¶32 Finally, Molina argues that the trial court improperly considered an element
of the underlying assault offenses as an aggravating circumstance, in violation of § 13-
702(C)(1) and (2). Specifically, he contends the trial court should not have considered the
fact that he had ignited E.’s back as an aggravating circumstance. Section 13-702(C)(1) and
(2) provide, in relevant part, that the infliction of serious physical injury or the use of a
deadly weapon or dangerous instrument may only be considered as aggravating
17
circumstances if they are not “essential element[s] of the offense of conviction or [have not]
been utilized to enhance the range of punishment under [A.R.S.] § 13-604.” Molina argues
that both the infliction of a serious physical injury and the use of a dangerous instrument
were implicit in the convictions, and may not, therefore, be relied on as aggravating
circumstances.
¶33 Assuming without deciding that the gravamen of Molina’s legal argument is
correct,9 Molina mischaracterizes the record and the nature of the aggravating circumstances
found by the court. Taken in context, we do not believe that the court’s mere reference to
salient facts underlying the convictions indicate that it found those facts to be independent
aggravating circumstances. Rather, the court’s reference to Molina’s actions toward E., and
E.’s injuries, arose in the context of its findings that Molina had committed substantial new
offenses shortly after being placed on probation for another offense and that E. had suffered
extreme pain as a result of those actions. Our interpretation of the sentencing transcript is
confirmed by the sentencing minute entry, which does not list either Molina’s manner of
inflicting the injuries on E. or the seriousness of the injuries as separate aggravating factors.
Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court did not err by “double-counting” the elements
of a dangerous nature aggravated assault when it sentenced Molina to aggravated prison
terms.
9
As explained, supra, Molina is incorrect that the jury needed to find that E. had
suffered a serious physical injury to convict him of aggravated assault with a dangerous
instrument.
18
¶34 Affirmed.
____________________________________
PETER J. ECKERSTROM, Judge
19
CONCURRING:
____________________________________
J. WILLIAM BRAMMER, JR., Judge
____________________________________
M. JAN FLÓREZ, Judge
20