State v. Hon covil/morales ( 2021 )

IN THE
ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF ARIZONA ex rel. ALLISTER ADEL, Maricopa County
Attorney, Petitioner,
v.
THE HONORABLE MAX COVIL, Commissioner of the SUPERIOR
COURT OF THE STATE OF ARIZONA, in and for the County of
MARICOPA, Respondent Commissioner,
ANTHONY OMAR SANTIAGO MORALES, Real Party in Interest.
SEAN WILDER, Petitioner,
v.
THE HONORABLE JOSHUA YOST, Commissioner of the SUPERIOR
COURT OF THE STATE OF ARIZONA, in and for the County of
MARICOPA, Respondent Commissioner,
STATE OF ARIZONA ex rel. ALLISTER ADEL, Maricopa County
Attorney, Real Party in Interest.
LAURENCE LEE LAWRENCE, Petitioner,
v.
THE HONORABLE JAY ADELMAN, Judge of the SUPERIOR COURT OF
THE STATE OF ARIZONA, in and for the County of MARICOPA,
Respondent Judge,
STATE OF ARIZONA ex rel. ALLISTER ADEL, Maricopa County
Attorney, Real Party in Interest.
Nos. 1 CA-SA 20-0162, 1 CA-SA 20-0163, 1 CA-SA 20-0173
(Consolidated)
FILED 8-5-2021
Petitions for Special Action from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
Nos. CR2020-125860-001, CR 2020-126564-001, CR2020-116408-001
The Honorable Max Covil, Commissioner; The Honorable Joshua Yost,
Commissioner; The Honorable Jay Adelman, Judge
JURISDICTION ACCEPTED, RELIEF GRANTED, RELIEF DENIED
COUNSEL
Maricopa County Attorney’s Office, Phoenix
By Amanda M. Parker
Counsel for State of Arizona
Maricopa County Public Defender’s Office, Phoenix
By Michelle L. Young
Counsel for Anthony Omar Santiago Morales
Maricopa County Public Defender’s Office, Phoenix
By John D. Gattermeyer, Ashley R. Oddo
Counsel for Sean Wilder
Maricopa County Public Defender’s Office, Phoenix
By Kacie T. Nickel, Jamie A. Jackson
Counsel for Laurence Lawrence
OPINION
Judge Peter B. Swann delivered the opinion of the court, in which Presiding
Judge Jennifer B. Campbell and Judge Lawrence F. Winthrop1 joined.
1 Judge Lawrence F. Winthrop was a sitting member of this court
when the matter was assigned to this panel of the court. He retired effective
June 30, 2021. In accordance with the authority granted by Article 6, Section
2
STATE v. HON COVIL/MORALES
Opinion of the Court
S W A N N, Judge:
¶1 These consolidated special actions present the question
whether the superior court may continue in-custody defendants’
preliminary hearings upon finding “that extraordinary circumstances exist
and that delay is indispensable to the interests of justice” under Ariz. R.
Crim. P. (“Rule”) 5.1(c)(2). By order, we accepted jurisdiction and
answered that question in the affirmative. We write now to explain our
ruling.
¶2 We accepted jurisdiction because we are faced with a purely
legal question of first impression that is of statewide importance and is
likely to recur. Vo v. Superior Ct. (State), 172 Ariz. 195, 198 (App. 1992). We
review the interpretation of rules de novo, “apply[ing] ‘fundamental
principles of statutory construction, the cornerstone of which is the rule that
the best and most reliable index of a statute’s meaning is its language and,
when the language is clear and unequivocal, it is determinative of the
statute’s construction.’” State v. Hansen, 215 Ariz. 287, 289, ¶¶ 6–7 (2007)
(citation omitted). In the case of ambiguity, we determine meaning “by
reading the [rule] as a whole, giving meaningful operation to all of its
provisions, and by considering factors such as the [rule]’s context, subject
matter, historical background, effects and consequences, and spirit and
purpose.” Zamora v. Reinstein, 185 Ariz. 272, 275 (1996).
¶3 Rule 5.1(a) provides that a felony defendant must be afforded
a preliminary hearing no later than 10 days after his or her initial
appearance if he or she is in custody,2 and no later than 20 days after his or
her initial appearance if he or she is not in custody, “unless . . . the
magistrate orders the hearing continued under (c).” Subsection (c)
provides:
3, of the Arizona Constitution and pursuant to A.R.S. § 12-145, the Chief
Justice of the Arizona Supreme Court has designated Judge Winthrop as a
judge pro tempore in the Court of Appeals, Division One, for the purpose of
participating in the resolution of cases assigned to this panel during his
term in office.
2 In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, our supreme court extended
the 10-day deadline for in-custody defendants to “twenty (20) days from an
initial appearance that occurs through September 30, 2020.” Ariz. Sup. Ct.
Admin. Order 2020-114 at § III, ¶ 2. Though that extension may be relevant
in individual cases, it plays no role in our analysis of the Rule.
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STATE v. HON COVIL/MORALES
Opinion of the Court
(c) Continuance.
(1) Release Absent Continuance. If a preliminary hearing for an
in-custody defendant did not commence within 10 days as
required under (a) and was not continued, the defendant must
be released from custody, unless the defendant is charged
with a non-bailable offense, in which case the magistrate must
immediately notify that county’s presiding judge of the
reasons for the delay.
(2) Continuance. On motion or on its own, a magistrate may
continue a preliminary hearing beyond the 20-day deadline
specified in (a). A magistrate may continue the hearing only
if it finds that extraordinary circumstances exist and that
delay is indispensable to the interests of justice. The
magistrate also must file a written order detailing the reasons
for these findings. The court must promptly notify the parties
of the order.
(Emphasis added.)
¶4 By its plain language, Rule 5.1 provides in subsections (a) and
(c)(1) that the court may continue preliminary hearings for in-custody
defendants—subsection (a) lists continuance as a generally applicable
exception, and subsection (c)(1) makes clear that continuance is a possibility
for in-custody cases. (By contrast, former Rule 5.1, abrogated effective 2018,
did not list continuance as an exception in subsection (a), and it provided
in subsection (c) that violation of the 10-day deadline would mandate the
defendant’s automatic release. See Rule 5.1 (2017).) And though neither
subsection (a) nor subsection (c)(1) set forth a standard for continuance,
subsection (c)(2) does.
¶5 We are unpersuaded by the argument that subsection (c)(2)—
broadly titled “Continuance”—applies only to out-of-custody defendants.
To be sure, subsection (c)(2)’s first sentence, by its reference to the 20-day
deadline, recognizes (consistent with subsection (a)) that continuance is
available in out-of-custody cases. But nothing in subsection (c)(2)’s next
sentence, which sets forth the standard for continuance, limits that
standard’s application to out-of-custody cases. Cf. Rule 5.1 (2017). To the
extent that subsection (c)(2)’s mention of the 20-day deadline could be said
to create ambiguity regarding the scope of the continuance standard, that
ambiguity is easily resolved by reading the rule as a whole and considering
its purpose. The rule clearly contemplates that preliminary hearings may
4
STATE v. HON COVIL/MORALES
Opinion of the Court
be continued for in-custody and out-of-custody defendants alike, and it
clearly sets forth a standard for continuance. In the absence of express
language to the contrary, it would be nonsensical to require the court to
create a novel standard to order continuances in in-custody cases. We hold
that in both in-custody and out-of-custody cases, the superior court may
continue preliminary hearings when, consistent with Rule 5.1(c)(2), “it finds
that extraordinary circumstances exist and that delay is indispensable to the
interests of justice.”
¶6 Here, the consolidated special actions concern in-custody
defendants who, for reasons related to COVID-19, were not transported to
court for their preliminary hearings by the deadline prescribed by Rule 5.1
and Ariz. Sup. Ct. Admin. Order 2020-114. The superior court applied Rule
5.1 to continue the hearings in 1 CA-SA 20-0163 (Wilder v. Superior Court
(State)) and 1 CA-SA 20-0173 (Lawrence v. Superior Court (State)). We denied
relief in those special actions because the court correctly interpreted and
reasonably applied Rule 5.1. By contrast, in 1 CA-SA 20-0162 (State v.
Superior Court (Morales)), we granted relief because the superior court
erroneously concluded that the court had no discretion to continue the
hearing under Rule 5.1.3
AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
FILED: AA
3 We reject the defendant’s contention that the court released him
under Rule 7.4, which permits modification of release conditions. Though
the minute entry ordering the release referred to the defendant’s “Motion
to Modify Release Conditions,” the transcript of the hearing reveals that the
defendant sought release under Rule 5.1 only and that the court ordered
release under Rule 5.1.
5