State v. Richards ( 2023 )

NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.
IN THE
ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF ARIZONA, Appellee,
v.
ANTHONY RICHARDS, Appellant.
No. 1 CA-CR 22-0245
FILED 5-23-2023
Appeal from the Superior Court in Yavapai County
No. P1300CR201600476
The Honorable Debra R. Phelan, Judge Pro Tempore
AFFIRMED
COUNSEL
Arizona Attorney General's Office, Phoenix
By Celeste Kinney
Counsel for Appellee
Law Offices of Stephen L. Duncan PLC, Scottsdale
By Stephen L. Duncan
Counsel for Appellant
STATE v. RICHARDS
Decision of the Court
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Judge James B. Morse Jr. delivered the decision of the Court, in which
Presiding Judge Maria Elena Cruz and Judge Daniel J. Kiley joined.
M O R S E, Judge:
¶1 Anthony Richards appeals his convictions and sentences for
one count each of second-degree murder, trafficking in stolen property,
theft of a credit card, forgery, and 19 counts of taking the identity of
another. For the following reasons, we affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
¶2 We view the trial evidence in the light most favorable to
sustaining Richards' convictions. State v. Guerra, 161 Ariz. 289, 293 (1989).
¶3 In February 2007, Richards and his friend, L.P., travelled from
their respective homes in Christmas Valley, Oregon, and Murphys,
California, to a remote 480-acre mining claim they owned in Yavapai
County near Bagdad. On the way, the two men stopped at an RV park in
Quartzsite to visit D.K. and D.J., friends of Richards who were also gold-
prospecting enthusiasts. Richards expressed interest in buying their fifth-
wheel camper trailer and agreed to buy it for $2,000.
¶4 Richards and L.P. again visited D.K. and D.J. sometime before
April 9 near Wickenburg. Richards paid $1,000 towards the purchase of the
fifth wheel and asked to transfer the vehicle's title to his name. D.J. declined
to do so until Richards paid the remaining $1,000.
¶5 Richards, L.P., D.K., and D.J. then drove around the area
scouting possible prospecting sights. During the drive, Richards tried to
convince D.K. and D.J. that they "needed a shaker table."1 D.J. later testified
that Richards and L.P. sat in the backseat and "didn't seem to be getting
along all that well." Richards was "aggressive[ly] . . . trying to convince
[L.P.] of something" while L.P. "adamant[ly]" refused.
1 According to the record, a "shaker table" is a large, high-standing,
motorized table used to separate gold from dirt, gravel, and sand.
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STATE v. RICHARDS
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¶6 On April 9, 2007, L.P. purchased a $1,895 shaker table from a
prospecting store in Salome. A few days later, Richards returned alone to
D.K. and D.J.'s campsite with a "brand new" shaker table "as the rest of the
payment on the trailer." When D.J. asked Richards about L.P., Richards said
that L.P. became "violent," so Richards took L.P.'s gun, tied him up, and left
him at the camp, presumably referring to his and L.P.'s campsite on their
mining claim. D.J. then saw Richards partially pull a handgun from his
pocket. When D.J. expressed concern for L.P.'s well-being, Richards said
"he'll be okay."
¶7 Richards and L.P. were supposed to meet D.K. and D.J. two
or three days later at a gathering of fellow prospectors. Richards arrived
alone, explaining he "put [L.P.] on a bus to go back to California because he
didn't want to be here anymore."
¶8 Sometime around the end of April 2007, L.P.'s neighbor in
Murphys noticed that L.P.'s yard was not maintained, and his United States
flag had been left up overnight for the past three or four weeks. Because
L.P. meticulously cared for his yard and typically "took down his flag"
every evening, the neighbor was concerned and called L.P.'s sister ("Sister"),
who lived nearby. Sister went with the neighbor to L.P.'s home to
investigate. They became suspicious when L.P. was not there but a garage
door was unlocked and a garage light was left on, something L.P. "just
wouldn't do[.]"
¶9 Sister talked to family members and L.P.'s friends and learned
that L.P. had accompanied Richards on a prospecting trip. Sister then called
and spoke with Richards on the telephone for almost four hours. During
the conversation, Richards described the trips with L.P. to Arizona, and he
exhibited detailed knowledge of L.P.'s financial affairs. Richards
repeatedly claimed that L.P. owed him "a lot of money," and he "was really
upset" that L.P. had not paid him back. Richards told Sister that he dropped
L.P. off at home in Murphys when they returned from their April trip to
Arizona. Richards also explained that he last saw L.P. on May 3, 2007, at
Richards' Oregon home when he gave L.P. and an unidentified person
information about prospecting locations on the way to California.
¶10 Sister later collected mail from L.P.'s post-office box,
including uncashed checks payable to L.P., bills, and bank statements.
Sister noticed that L.P.'s credit card had been used for "odd and
unusual . . . charges" in California, Oregon, and Arizona after he left for
Arizona with Richards. Sister gave the credit card statements to a local
sheriff's deputy. Sister and other friends of L.P. made recorded calls to
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STATE v. RICHARDS
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Richards and gave the recordings to law enforcement. In one of those
recorded calls, Richards said that he paid $1,000 as his half-share of the fifth-
wheel trailer, and L.P. "was supposed to pay half."
¶11 California and Arizona law enforcement officers began
investigating L.P.'s disappearance and the subsequent use of his credit card.
The Yavapai County Sheriff's Office ("YCSO") investigation into L.P.'s
disappearance eventually became a "cold case."
¶12 In 2012, a retired police officer, who volunteered with YCSO,
began working the cold case. He interviewed approximately 50 people and
none of them had seen or heard from L.P. since April 9, 2007. When the
retired officer and the lead YCSO detective interviewed Richards at his
home in 2016, they found an ATV registered to L.P. They also found a
utility trailer and a cart that were purchased with L.P.'s credit card in
Oregon on April 28, 2007. During the interview, Richards claimed two
individuals saw L.P. after Richards and L.P. purportedly returned from
Arizona. But those individuals subsequently told the retired officer and
detective that they did not see L.P. after the April 2007 prospecting trip.
¶13 By 2016, the investigation's focus shifted from a
missing-person case to locating L.P.'s body. A drone flight over Richards
and L.P.'s mining claim, approximately 400 feet from their campsite,
revealed a hole in the ground that appeared "very indicative of mine shafts
or test holes found all over the state." On January 17, 2017, YCSO detectives
used a backhoe to dig out the hole and discovered skeletal human remains,
articles of clothing, shoes, and rope. The remains constituted "almost a
complete skeleton" and included a "series" of fractured ribs. Three fired
bullets were found in the dirt under the remains.
¶14 A forensic anthropologist examined the skeleton and
determined that its condition was consistent with being underground for
ten years. The anthropologist used dental records to identify the skull as
L.P.'s. Of the multiple injuries to the skeleton from, at, or near the time of
death, the anthropologist identified fractures to the fifth and sixth left ribs
near L.P.'s heart as the most important because they were not "crush"
injuries; rather, the "curvilinear scalping" of the ribs indicated "[s]omething
hard went through" them with deadly force. The anthropologist testified
that the ribs might have been broken by a bullet, screwdriver, or miner's
pick. The medical examiner opined that homicidal violence caused L.P.'s
death. The medical examiner also testified that the broken ribs could have
been caused by gun shots or blunt force trauma. No evidence indicated L.P.
had been buried alive.
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STATE v. RICHARDS
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¶15 The State charged Richards with one count each of
first-degree murder, trafficking in stolen property, theft-possession of
stolen property ("Count 3"), theft of a credit card, forgery, and 19 counts of
taking the identity of another. The trial court subsequently dismissed
Count 3.
¶16 At trial, the court denied Richards' motion for judgment of
acquittal under Arizona Rule of Criminal Procedure ("Rule") 20. The jury
found Richards guilty of second-degree murder as a lesser-included offense
of first-degree murder. The jury returned guilty verdicts as to the
remaining offenses as charged, and the jury found the State established
multiple aggravating factors. The court imposed a combination of
concurrent and consecutive aggravated prison sentences, totaling 31 years.
Richards timely appealed. We have jurisdiction under A.R.S. §§
12-120.21(A)(1), 13-4031, and -4033(A)(1).
DISCUSSION
I. Sufficiency of Evidence.
¶17 Richards argues the trial court erred by denying his Rule 20
motion. Limiting his argument to the murder charge only, Richards
contends insufficient evidence established "the immediate circumstances of
[L.P.'s] death."
¶18 "A judgment of acquittal is appropriate when 'no substantial
evidence [exists] to warrant a conviction.'" State v. Nunez, 167 Ariz. 272, 278
(1991) (alteration in original) (quoting State v. Clabourne, 142 Ariz. 335, 345
(1984)); see also Ariz. R. Crim. P. 20(a)(1). "Substantial evidence is proof that
reasonable persons could accept as sufficient to support a conclusion of a
defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt." State v. Spears, 184 Ariz. 277,
290 (1996). "Reversible error based on insufficiency of the evidence occurs
only where there is a complete absence of probative facts to support the
conviction." State v. Soto-Fong, 187 Ariz. 186, 200 (1996) (quoting State v.
Scott, 113 Ariz. 423, 424-25 (1976)). Sufficient evidence may be direct or
circumstantial and "is such proof that 'reasonable persons could accept as
adequate . . . to support a conclusion of defendant's guilt beyond a
reasonable doubt.'" State v. Borquez, 232 Ariz. 484, 487, ¶ 9 (App. 2013)
(quoting State v. Mathers, 165 Ariz. 64, 67 (1990)). Thus, if substantial
evidence of guilt exists, proof of an offense's "immediate circumstances" is
not necessary to properly deny a Rule 20 motion.
¶19 We review de novo a trial court's denial of a Rule 20 motion.
State v. Bible, 175 Ariz. 549, 595 (1993). In conducting our review, we test
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STATE v. RICHARDS
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the evidence "against the statutorily required elements of the offense," State
v. Pena, 209 Ariz. 503, 505, ¶ 8 (App. 2005), and do "not reweigh the evidence
to decide if [we] would reach the same conclusions as the trier of fact,"
Borquez, 232 Ariz. at 487, ¶ 9 (citation omitted).
¶20 A person commits second-degree murder by either
intentionally (but without premeditation) or knowingly causing the death
of another or by causing the death under circumstances manifesting
extreme indifference to human life and recklessly engaging in conduct that
creates a grave risk of death. A.R.S. § 13-1104(A).
¶21 Viewed in the light most favorable to sustaining the
second-degree murder conviction, substantial circumstantial evidence
indicates that Richards killed L.P. The State presented evidence of a motive
through the dispute between Richards and L.P. over the potential trade of
L.P.'s shaker table for D.K. and D.J.'s fifth-wheel trailer. See State v. Hunter,
136 Ariz. 45, 50 (1983) ("[I]t is well settled that in a murder prosecution the
presence or absence of motive is relevant."). And significantly, when
Richards gave the shaker table to D.K. and D.J., he admitted he bound L.P.
with rope and took L.P.'s gun before leaving him alone at their desert
campsite. Based on the bullets found in the clandestine grave and the
injuries to L.P.'s ribs that could have been caused by bullets, the jury could
reasonably conclude that L.P. survived being bound, but when Richards
returned to their campsite, he shot and killed L.P. before burying the body.
Alternatively, the jury could reasonably determine that L.P. died when
Richards tied him up and left him in the desert, before Richards returned
and buried the body.
¶22 Based on the evidence, a reasonable jury could find that
Richards either killed L.P. intentionally, or he did so by recklessly creating
a serious risk of death under circumstances manifesting an extreme
indifference to L.P.'s life. Moreover, the jury could reasonably infer
Richards attempted to cover up the murder based on his explanations for
L.P.'s disappearance and other statements that were later determined to be
either inconsistent, unsubstantiated, misleading, or demonstrably false. As
noted, the jury could conclude that Richards repeatedly lied about L.P.
returning safely to California, either with Richards or by himself on a bus.
See supra ¶¶ 7, 9; State v. Fulminante, 193 Ariz. 485, 494, ¶ 27 (1999) ("The
state's evidence may be summarized as demonstrating that Defendant
made several false, misleading, and inconsistent statements to police, other
witnesses, and his wife—showing consciousness of guilt."); see also State v.
Crain, 250 Ariz. 387, 395, ¶ 25 (App. 2021) (citing the "well-settled principle
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that false exculpatory statements are evidence—often strong evidence—of
guilt" (quoting United States v. Davis, 909 F.3d 9, 19 (1st Cir. 2018))).
¶23 Because probative facts support Richards' second-degree
murder conviction, the trial court did not err in denying the Rule 20 motion.
See Fulminante, 193 Ariz. at 494, ¶ 28 (finding "sufficient evidence from
which the jury could have pieced together a web of suspicious
circumstances tight enough that a reasonable person could conclude,
beyond a reasonable doubt, that Defendant was the perpetrator").
II. Identification.
¶24 Richards challenges the trial court's admission of the recorded
telephone conversations he had with L.P.'s friends. The recordings were
admitted over Richards' objection during the testimony of a retired YCSO
detective who had obtained them early in the investigation. As he argued
at trial, Richards contends the recordings lacked sufficient foundation as to
the identification of his voice.
¶25 "To authenticate an item of evidence, the 'proponent must
produce evidence sufficient to support a finding that the item is what the
proponent claims it is.'" State v. Forde, 233 Ariz. 543, 563, ¶ 74 (2014)
(quoting Ariz. R. Evid. 901(a)). We review the admission of evidence over
an authentication objection for an abuse of discretion. Id.¶26 The detective testified that he talked with Richards on the
telephone in August 2007, and when he later received the recordings and
listened to them, he could identify Richards' voice "[a]s best [he] could."
The detective further testified that L.P.'s friends can be heard on the
recordings referring to the other person on the calls as "Anthony." The
detective explained he had no reason to believe those references were to
someone other than the defendant, Anthony Richards. The detective's
testimony therefore provided sufficient foundation for the jury to conclude
the telephone recordings depicted Richards' voice. See United States v. Bush,
405 F.3d 909, 919 (10th Cir. 2005) (noting that foundation for "voice
identification need only rise to the level of minimal familiarity" and only
requires the identifier to "have heard the voice of the alleged speaker . . . 'at
any time'"). The recordings were properly authenticated, and the trial court
did not abuse its discretion.
¶27 Richards also challenges the recordings' admission because
there was no testimony regarding (1) "the audio quality of the [detective's]
call . . . with [Richards,]" (2) "whether [Richards'] voice was normal at the
time of the call," or (3) "whether [the detective's] hearing at the time of the
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call was at a normal level of function, or if it was impacted by some
circumstance." But those issues go to the weight of the evidence, not its
admissibility. See State v. Lavers, 168 Ariz. 376, 386 (1991) ("The judge does
not determine whether the evidence is authentic, but only whether
evidence exists from which the jury could reasonably conclude that it is
authentic."); State v. George, 206 Ariz. 436, 446, ¶ 31 (App. 2003) (noting that,
where a letter was unsigned, but other circumstances supported its
admissibility, "any uncertainty about [the letter's] authorship went to the
weight of the evidence, not to its admissibility"); see also Bush, 405 F.3d at
919 ("Once minimal familiarity is satisfied, it is for the jury to assess any
issues regarding the extent of the witness' familiarity with the voice.").
III. Cause of Death.
¶28 Richards argues the trial court committed fundamental error
by not striking the medical examiner's testimony that "[t]he possibility of
[L.P.] also being buried alive cannot entirely be ruled out." But defense
counsel elicited that testimony during cross examination and later
attempted to use the testimony to cast doubt on the medical examiner's
other conclusions. Accordingly, Richards invited any error, and we do not
address whether fundamental error occurred. See State v. Pandeli, 215 Ariz.
514, 528, ¶ 50 (2007) (concluding defendant invited evidentiary error when
defense counsel explicitly informed the trial court that he did not object to
the admission of evidence in question); State v. Logan, 200 Ariz. 564, 565, ¶ 9
(2001) ("If an error is invited, we do not consider whether the alleged error
is fundamental. . . .").
CONCLUSION
¶29 Richards' convictions and sentences are affirmed.
AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
FILED: AA
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