Lee v. State , 498 S.W.3d 283 ( 2016 )

Cite as 2016 Ark. 293
SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS.
No. CR-14-923
TERRY ANTONIO LEE Opinion Delivered July 21, 2016
APPELLANT
PRO SE APPEAL FROM THE
V. PULASKI COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
[No. 60CR-10-48]
STATE OF ARKANSAS
APPELLEE HONORABLE BARRY SIMS,
JUDGE
REMANDED TO SETTLE THE RECORD
AND FOR ADDITIONAL FINDINGS OF
FACT.
PER CURIAM
Appellant, Terry Antonio Lee, was convicted of committing a terrorist act,
attempting to commit first-degree battery, and four counts of aggravated assault. He was
sentenced to an aggregate term of 1020 months’ imprisonment. The convictions and
sentences were affirmed by the Arkansas Court of Appeals. Lee v. State, 2013 Ark. App.
209. The mandate issued on April 16, 2013.
Lee filed a timely pro se petition under Arkansas Rule of Criminal Procedure 37.1
(2015) on May 9, 2013, and filed a second Rule 37.1 petition on June 3, 2013. 1 In both
1 The first Rule 37.1 petition filed in May 2013 is not part of the record lodged in
this case on January 22, 2015, but Lee’s first petition was attached to his motion for belated
appeal that was filed on October 28, 2014. Because the May 2013 petition had already been
filed with this court as part of the motion for belated appeal, it may be considered without
incorporating it into the record. See Drymon v. State, 327 Ark. 375, 378, 938 S.W.2d 825,
827 (1997).
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Rule 37.1 petitions, Lee alleged that counsel was ineffective because he failed to prepare or
investigate the case; failed to meet with Lee before trial; failed to employ a successful strategy
to discredit the testimony of the State’s witnesses; failed to strike certain jurors who Lee
alleged were biased; failed to object to evidence introduced by the prosecutor that was not
timely disclosed in discovery; failed to raise proper directed-verdict motions; failed to object
to the trial court pronouncing sentence on the same date as the conviction; and failed to
raise a double-jeopardy claim.
In addition to the ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claims cited above, Lee raised the
following independent grounds based on allegations of trial error and prosecutorial
misconduct: that he was convicted in violation of the prohibition against double jeopardy;
that the prosecutor failed to disclose evidence in violation of the rules of criminal procedure;
that Lee was illegally arrested in violation of due process; that the trial court failed to hold a
competency hearing; that a substituted trial judge was appointed to preside in his case
without following correct procedure and was therefore not authorized to conduct the trial;
that the trial court failed to afford Lee the right to allocution before sentence was
pronounced; that inconsistent verdict forms were submitted to the jury; and that the trial
court improperly sentenced Lee to consecutive terms of imprisonment. 2
Evidentiary hearings were conducted by the trial court on March 12, 2014, and on
March 20, 2014. According to the record, Lee’s trial counsel, Bill James, testified at the first
2 Lee did not include allegations of inconsistent verdicts and consecutive prison terms
in his second petition, but both allegations were addressed by the trial court in its order
denying relief.
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hearing, and the second hearing was scheduled for the purpose of presenting testimony of
witnesses called by Lee. The record is not clear as to which witnesses might have appeared
to testify at the second hearing.
The trial court relied on the pleadings and the testimony of Lee’s trial counsel and
denied relief in an order filed April 16, 2014. The trial court concluded that claims based
on trial error, an illegal arrest, the denial of his right to allocution, inconsistent verdict forms,
and consecutive sentences were either not cognizable in a Rule 37.1 proceeding or had
been waived on direct appeal. With respect to Lee’s ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claims,
the trial court concluded that there was no discriminatory pattern in the selection of jurors,
that counsel had made appropriate objections at trial, and that counsel had made appropriate
motions for directed verdict. In addition, the trial court found that Lee had failed to allege
sufficient facts to support his allegations that counsel had failed to object to the timing of his
sentencing and that counsel had allowed Lee to be convicted of six felonies for one offense.
Lee filed an untimely notice of appeal on May 19, 2014, which designated the entire
record for purposes of appeal. On the same date, the court reporter wrote to Lee, informing
him that she would not produce the transcripts from the two hearings conducted in the case
until Lee paid $400 because the trial court had not issued an order declaring Lee indigent
for appeal purposes. Because Lee failed to pay the cost of the transcript, a partial record was
prepared that did not contain the testimony or evidence that may have been introduced at
the hearings. On October 28, 2015, Lee filed a motion for belated appeal, together with a
petition to proceed in forma pauperis, and the record was tendered on that date. The State
did not respond to the motion or to the in forma pauperis petition. Lee’s motion for a
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belated appeal was granted by this court. Lee v. State, 2015 Ark. 26. On that date, the
partial record was lodged with an affidavit from the court reporter stating that the transcript
had not been prepared because Lee had failed to pay for its preparation.
When this court reviews an order that denies postconviction relief, it does not reverse
unless the trial court’s findings are clearly erroneous. Hayes v. State, 2014 Ark. 104, at 3,
431 S.W.3d 882, 886. A finding is clearly erroneous when, although there is evidence to
support it, the appellate court, after reviewing the entire evidence, is left with the definite
and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed. Id. In an appeal from a denial of
postconviction relief based on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, the sole question
presented is whether, based on a totality of the evidence under the standard set forth in
Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984), the trial court clearly erred in holding that
counsel’s performance was not ineffective. Holloway v. State, 2013 Ark. 140, at 4–5, 426
S.W.3d 462, 466–67. Under the Strickland test, the petitioner must show that counsel’s
performance was deficient and also that counsel’s deficient performance prejudiced the
defense. Id. With respect to the prejudice requirement, a petitioner must demonstrate that
there is a reasonable probability that the outcome of the trial would have been different
absent counsel’s errors. Id. A reasonable probability is a probability that is sufficient to
undermine confidence in the outcome of the trial. Id. The burden is also entirely on the
appellant to provide facts affirmatively supporting the claims of prejudice. Id.
In its order denying relief based on allegations of ineffective assistance of counsel, the
trial court made general findings of fact in support of its conclusion that Lee’s counsel was
not ineffective. Pursuant to Rule 37.3(c) the trial court must make specific findings so that
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there can be meaningful review. Reed v. State, 375 Ark. 277, 279, 289 S.W.3d 921, 923
(2008). This court has consistently held that it may affirm the denial of a Rule 37.1 petition,
regardless of the adequacy of the order, if it can determine from the record that the petition
was wholly without merit or that the allegations in the petition are such that it is conclusive
on the face of the petition that no relief is warranted. Walden v. State, 2014 Ark. 10, at 2
(per curiam); Johnson v. State, 362 Ark. 453, 455, 208 S.W.3d 783, 784 (2005). For the
reasons set forth below, it is evident that additional findings by the trial court are warranted
with respect to Lee’s allegation that counsel was ineffective when he failed to make sufficient
motions for directed verdict.
Lee alleged in his two petitions for postconviction relief that counsel was ineffective
for failure to properly file directed-verdict motions that challenged the sufficiency of the
evidence presented by the State. On appeal, Lee argues that if counsel had filed proper
directed-verdict motions the court of appeals would have been able to review the evidence
and the “offender’s motion would have been granted.” The trial court had rejected Lee’s
claim and found that “appropriate motions for a directed verdict were made by counsel
during trial.” However, this fact-finding is contradicted in the opinion of the court of
appeals, which held that “[b]ecause Lee’s motions did not inform the trial court of the
specific issues in the State’s case that are now being challenged, the question of the
sufficiency of evidence to support his convictions is not preserved for appeal.” Lee, 2013
Ark. App. 209, at 3–4.
We remand the matter to the trial court when the findings provided are not adequate
for our review. Magness v. State, 2015 Ark. 185, 461 S.W.3d 337 (per curiam).
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Consequently, the matter is remanded to the trial court for findings of fact addressing Lee’s
ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim with respect to counsel’s motions for directed
verdict, which should address whether the directed-verdict motions made by counsel and
found insufficient by the court of appeals, constituted deficient performance under the
Strickland standard and whether Lee was prejudiced as a result. See Chunestudy v. State, 2014
Ark. 345, at 4, 438 S.W.3d 923, 928 (Petitioner must demonstrate prejudice when trial
counsel fails to make sufficient a directed-verdict motion.).
Appellate review of postconviction determinations for clear error mandates
consideration of the totality of the evidence. In this case, the totality of the evidence
includes the testimony and evidence presented at the two evidentiary hearings held in this
matter. While the burden is on an appellant to produce a record demonstrating error, Lee’s
ability to provide a complete record was contingent upon his ability to pay the court reporter
or to obtain indigent status. A petition for writ of certiorari to supplement the record must
demonstrate who will pay for the transcript. Miles v. State, 343 Ark. 122, 123, 31 S.W.3d
868, 869 (2000). Here, Lee was unable to remit the cost for preparation of the transcript,
and because Lee’s notice of appeal was filed untimely, he was precluded from obtaining
indigent status from the trial court for purposes of an appeal. See Chatten v. Blair, 2009 Ark.
364, at 1 (in forma pauperis motion denied because the notice of appeal failed to comply
with procedural rules); see also Doss v. State, CR-04-460 (Ark. June 3, 2004) (unpublished
per curiam)(noting that trial court denied indigent status based on incorrect assumption that
notice of appeal was not timely). However, appended to Lee’s motion for permission to
file a belated appeal was an affidavit in support of a request to proceed in forma pauperis.
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As the State did not contest either the motion for belated appeal or the appended indigency
petition, Lee is permitted to proceed in forma pauperis on appeal. See Holland v. State, 358
Ark. 366, 368, 190 S.W.3d 904, 905 (2004).
Furthermore, we remand to the trial court with further direction to settle the record
by ensuring that the transcript of the two hearings is included in the record submitted to
this court on appeal, together with any evidence introduced at those hearings. Pursuant to
Arkansas Rule of Appellate Procedure–Civil 6(e) (2015), if anything material to either party
is omitted from the record, the appellate court, on its own initiative, may direct that the
omission shall be corrected and that a supplemental record be certified and transmitted.
Clearly, testimony and evidence presented at these hearings are material to a determination
of Lee’s allegations of ineffective assistance of counsel. Moreover, in order to thoroughly
review all claims raised in Lee’s petitions, a complete record is crucial so that the totality of
the evidence can be considered.
Accordingly, we remand for an appropriate supplemental order that contains
additional findings of fact consistent with this opinion as to Lee’s allegation that counsel
failed to make appropriate directed-verdict motions and to settle and supplement the record.
In order to avoid a lengthy delay, the supplemental order and the supplemental record are
to be completed and filed with this court within sixty days of the date of this order. The
supplemental order shall include additional findings of fact with respect to Lee’s ineffective-
assistance-of-counsel claim based on trial counsel’s failure to make sufficient motions for a
directed verdict, and all remaining claims raised on appeal and addressed in the trial court’s
order dated April 16, 2014, will be held in abeyance until the matter is returned to this court
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on remand. When the remand has been returned, Lee’s supplemental brief will be due forty
days after the matter has been returned to this court. We should also note that no new
claims may be raised by Lee in his supplemental brief nor may Lee amend or augment the
allegations and arguments set forth in his initial brief, as any arguments or allegations not
raised in his initial brief are considered abandoned Hayes v. State, 2011 Ark. 327, 383
S.W.3d 824 (per curiam).
Remanded to settle the record and for additional findings of fact.
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