Walden v. Jackson II , 506 S.W.3d 904 ( 2016 )

Cite as 2016 Ark. App. 573
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION I
No. CV-15-878
Opinion Delivered November 30, 2016
BRITTANY WALDEN APPEAL FROM THE MONTGOMERY
APPELLANT COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
[NO. 49-DR-15-4]
V.
HONORABLE JERRY RYAN,
JUDGE
JACOB EDWARD JACKSON
APPELLEE REVERSED AND REMANDED
LARRY D. VAUGHT, Judge
Brittany Walden appeals the Montgomery County Circuit Court’s July 8, 2015 order
finding that Jacob Jackson is the father of her son H.R.W., changing the child’s last name to
Jackson, establishing visitation for Jackson, ordering Jackson to pay future child support, and
declining Walden’s request for retroactive child support. Walden argues that the current appeal
was rendered moot by the circuit court’s subsequent modification of the order from which
this appeal was taken. Because we held that the circuit court lacked jurisdiction to modify the
order and therefore reversed and dismissed Walden’s companion appeal, Walden v. Jackson,
2016 Ark. App. 578, we hold that the current appeal is not moot. We therefore address the
merits of Walden’s appeal of the circuit court’s July 8, 2015 order.1
1Walden’s brief asserted that this appeal is moot but alternatively presented points for
reversal.
Cite as 2016 Ark. App. 573
Brittany Walden gave birth to H.R.W. on November 11, 2014. The following January,
Jacob Jackson filed suit to establish paternity, change the child’s birth certificate to reflect that
he is the father, and to change the child’s last name from Walden to Jackson. Walden
requested that, if Jackson was found to be the father, he be ordered to pay retroactive and
future child support. Jackson was then conclusively determined to be H.R.W.’s father through
DNA testing.
At a hearing on the matter, Jackson agreed to pay child support. Jackson testified that
he had wanted to see H.R.W. since birth, but that, although Walden had repeatedly offered to
let him come over and visit the child, he never did. The court ruled from the bench that the
child’s last name would be changed because Jackson was proved to be the father, the child
was still very young, Jackson was planning to be involved in the child’s life, and “that’s only
right.” The court awarded Walden sole custody and ordered Jackson to pay future child
support but denied Walden’s request for retroactive child support because Jackson had not
had any contact with the child. The court issued a written order on July 8, 2015. It stated that
the child’s name should be changed. It also stated that the court declined to award retroactive
child support because “Jackson was not able to have visitation with the child pending this
hearing.” Walden filed a timely notice of appeal.
Walden argues that the circuit court’s July 8 order was clearly erroneous in two regards:
(1) it failed to determine, after consideration of the factors required pursuant to Huffman v.
Fisher, 337 Ark. 58, 987 S.W.2d 269 (1999) (Huffman I), that it was in H.R.W.’s best interest to
change his name, and (2) it failed to award retroactive child support. We have previously held
that “[w]here a full inquiry is made by the circuit court of the factors set out [in Huffman I] and
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Cite as 2016 Ark. App. 573
a determination is made with due regard to the best interest of the child, the circuit court’s
decision will be upheld so long as it is not clearly erroneous.” Poindexter v. Poindexter, 360 Ark.
538, 541, 203 S.W.3d 84, 87 (2005) (citing Huffman I, 337 Ark. at 69, 987 S.W.2d at 274).
However, where the circuit court has failed to consider whether the name change is in the
child’s best interest pursuant to the Huffman I factors, we must reverse. See id.
Our standard of review for an appeal from a child-support order is de novo on the
record, and we will not reverse a finding of fact by the circuit court unless it is clearly
erroneous. Ward v. Doss, 361 Ark. 153, 158, 205 S.W.3d 767, 770 (2005) (citing McWhorter v.
McWhorter, 346 Ark. 475, 58 S.W.3d 840 (2001)). In reviewing a circuit court’s findings, we
give due deference to that court’s superior position to determine the credibility of the witnesses
and the weight to be accorded to their testimony. Id. at 158, 205 S.W.3d at 770. As a rule, when
the amount of child support is at issue, we will not reverse the chancellor absent an abuse of
discretion. Id., 205 S.W.3d at 770. However, a circuit court’s conclusion of law is given no
deference on appeal. Id., 205 S.W.3d at 770.
In Huffman I, the Arkansas Supreme Court held that the party who petitions for the
change of a child’s name has the burden to demonstrate that such change is in the child’s best
interest, and the court must consider the following factors in determining best interest:
(1) The child’s preference;
(2) The effect of the change of the child’s surname on the preservation and
development of the child’s relationship with each parent;
(3) The length of time the child has borne a given name;
(4) The degree of community respect associated with the present and proposed
surnames;
(5) The difficulties, harassment, or embarrassment that the child may experience from
bearing the proposed surname; and
(6) The existence of any parental misconduct or neglect.
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Cite as 2016 Ark. App. 573
Huffman I, 337 Ark. at 68, 987 S.W.2d at 274. The Arkansas Supreme Court later explained
that the circuit court may weigh only those factors for which the parties provide evidence and
which are relevant to the circumstances. Huffman v. Fisher, 343 Ark. 737, 38 S.W.3d 327 (2001)
(Huffman II). The court stated that a name change cannot be based on a noncustodial parent’s
desire to “connect” with the child. Id.
In this case, the court’s July 8, 2015 order simply states that H.R.W.’s last name shall
be changed. It neither provides any analysis as to any of the Huffman factors nor states that the
name change is in the child’s best interest. Pursuant to Poindexter and Huffman I, we must
reverse and remand in order for the circuit court to conduct the required best-interest analysis.
Walden also argues that the circuit court erred in declining to award retroactive child
support because it found that Jackson had not been able to have visitation with the child since
birth. Arkansas law is clear that child support is an obligation owed to the child independent
of the noncustodial parent’s relationship or visitation with the child. Newton v. State, Office of
Child Support Enf’t, 2013 Ark. App. 53, 5 (citing Lyons v. McInvale, 98 Ark. App. 433, 439, 256
S.W.3d 512, 516 (2007); Henson v. Money, 273 Ark. 203, 617 S.W.2d 367 (1981)). Our courts
have repeatedly upheld a circuit court’s order awarding retroactive child support from the date
of the child’s birth to the date of judgment. See Barnes v. Barnes, 311 Ark. 287, 843 S.W.2d 835
(1992). Moreover, Arkansas Code Annotated section 9-10-111(a) (Repl. 2015) states that “[i]f
it is found by the circuit court that the accused is the father of the child and, if claimed by the
mother, the circuit court or circuit judge shall give judgment for a monthly sum of not less
than ten dollars ($10.00) per month for every month from the birth of the child until the child
attains eighteen (18) years of age.” (Emphasis added.) The plain language of the statute requires
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Cite as 2016 Ark. App. 573
that an award of child support under the statute must flow from the date of the child’s birth.
Therefore, we hold that the circuit court’s determination that Jackson is not be required to pay
retroactive child support based on his lack of contact with the child was in violation of section
9-10-111(a). The statute provides no exceptions, and our caselaw is clear that a parent’s child-
support obligation does not depend on his relationship or visitation with the child.2 Newton,
2013 Ark. App. 53, at 5. Accordingly, we reverse the circuit court’s order declining to award
retroactive child support.
Reversed and remanded.
ABRAMSON and BROWN, JJ., agree.
Robin Smith Law Firm, P.A., by: Robin C. Smith; and Walas Law Firm, PLLC, by: Breean
Walas, for appellant.
No response.
2Moreover, the court’s decision on this point was clearly erroneous because the parties
agreed that Walden had repeatedly offered Jackson opportunities to see the child, which he
chose not to do.
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