FILED
SEP 28 2020
SUSAN M. SPRAUL, CLERK
U.S. BKCY. APP. PANEL
OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY APPELLATE PANEL
OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT
In re: BAP No. CC-19-1225-SFL
MYRON HALE,
Debtor. Bk. No. 2:18-bk-12066-BB
MYRON HALE,
Appellant,
v. MEMORANDUM*
DAVID M. GOODRICH, Chapter 7
Trustee,
Appellee.
Appeal from the United States Bankruptcy Court
for the Central District of California
Sheri Bluebond, Bankruptcy Judge, Presiding
Before: SPRAKER, FARIS, and LAFFERTY, Bankruptcy Judges.
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 71 debtor Myron Hale appeals from an order denying his
motion to dismiss his bankruptcy case after it was discovered that he held
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication. Although it may be cited for
whatever persuasive value it may have, see Fed. R. App. P. 32.1, it has no precedential
value, see 9th Cir. BAP Rule 8024-1.
1
Unless specified otherwise, all chapter and section references are to the
Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. §§ 101-1532, and all “Rule” references are to the Federal
Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure.
an undisclosed prepetition interest in his father’s probate estate. Though
Hale professed an intent to pay his creditors outside of bankruptcy once his
probate interest was discovered, the potential voluntary repayment was
speculative. The record supports the bankruptcy court’s determination that
Hale’s creditors would be prejudiced if he were permitted to dismiss his
case. Accordingly, the bankruptcy court did not abuse its discretion in
denying dismissal and, therefore, we AFFIRM.
FACTS
Hale commenced his chapter 7 petition in February 2018. David M.
Goodrich was appointed to serve as his chapter 7 trustee.
Hale’s father had passed away in 2003, but Hale did not list in his
bankruptcy schedules any interest he might have in his father’s estate. Nor
did he mention it during his examination at the § 341 first meeting of
creditors.
Roughly one month after his bankruptcy filing, Hale filed in the Los
Angeles County Superior Court a petition seeking to initiate probate
proceedings for his deceased father’s assets. In his probate petition, he
valued his father’s former residence at $1.8 million. The probate petition
further disclosed that Hale’s father died intestate and that there were a
number of other family members that may have an interest in the probate
estate.
Unaware of Hale’s interest in his father’s probate estate, Goodrich
2
filed a no-asset report. In July 2018, Hale received his discharge, and the
bankruptcy court entered its final decree closing his bankruptcy case.
Several months later, upon learning of the probate proceedings, the
U.S. Trustee moved to reopen Hale’s bankruptcy case so the chapter 7
trustee could investigate Hale’s interest in his father’s probate estate and
administer any such interest. Upon the reopening of the case, Goodrich
was reappointed to serve as chapter 7 trustee.
Hale then moved to dismiss his chapter 7 case.2 According to Hale, he
only had two unsecured creditors who were owed in aggregate $2,953.45,
though the deadline to file claims had not yet expired at the time he filed
the motion.3 He stated that he would work out a repayment plan with these
creditors in lieu of incurring the time and expense of having them paid
through the bankruptcy case. Thus, he maintained that there was no need
for his bankruptcy case to proceed further.
2
Hale previously filed a motion to dismiss his bankruptcy case in March 2018,
several days before he filed his probate petition and before entry of his discharge. Hale
explained that his case should be dismissed because it was the result of bad legal
advice. He now contends that if the bankruptcy court had dismissed his case as
originally requested, there would have been no need to reopen his case. This argument
ignores Hale’s attempt to dismiss his case without disclosing his interest in his father’s
probate estate, which supports the bankruptcy court’s denial of the motion to dismiss.
3
After Hale filed his motion to dismiss, two other creditors filed proofs of claim.
Still, the total unsecured debt remains less than $8,000.00. Hale contends that the last
two proofs of claim are not legitimate, but nothing in the record suggests that any
objections to these claims have been filed, or otherwise addresses this point.
3
Goodrich opposed the dismissal motion. As he reasoned, Hale
moved for dismissal to circumvent Goodrich’s efforts to administer the
inheritance for the benefit of Hale’s creditors. He pointed out that debtors
do not have an absolute right to dismiss their chapter 7 cases and that Hale
had not presented any evidence to demonstrate that his creditors would
not be prejudiced by the dismissal. Among other things, he noted that there
was no proof of when or how Hale’s creditors might be paid if the
bankruptcy case were dismissed. Goodrich further asserted several
procedural defects, including lack of service, inadequate notice of the
hearing, and the absence of any evidence submitted in support of the
motion.
The bankruptcy court denied the motion, and Hale timely appealed.
JURISDICTION
The bankruptcy court had jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1334
and 157(b)(2)(A). We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 158.4
ISSUE
Did the bankruptcy court abuse its discretion when it denied Hale’s
motion to dismiss his bankruptcy case?
4
Ordinarily, an order denying a motion to dismiss a bankruptcy case is treated
as an interlocutory order. Jue v. Liu (In re Liu),
611 B.R. 864, 873 (9th Cir. BAP 2020). To
the extent necessary, we treat Hale’s notice of appeal as a motion for leave to appeal
under Rule 8004(d) and grant that motion.
4
STANDARD OF REVIEW
We review the bankruptcy court’s denial of the dismissal motion for
an abuse of discretion. Hickman v. Hana (In re Hickman),
384 B.R. 832, 836
(9th Cir. BAP 2008) (citing Bartee v. Ainsworth (In re Bartee),
317 B.R. 362, 365
(9th Cir. BAP 2004)). The bankruptcy court abused its discretion if it
applied an incorrect legal rule or made factual findings that were illogical,
implausible, or not supported by the record. United States v. Hinkson,
585
F.3d 1247, 1261–62 (9th Cir. 2009) (en banc).
DISCUSSION
A. Procedural Issue – absence of hearing transcript.
As a threshold procedural matter, we must consider the effect of
Hale’s failure to obtain the transcript from the dismissal motion hearing.
The bankruptcy docket indicates that Hale twice ordered the transcript. But
he apparently never made satisfactory arrangements to pay for it. As the
bankruptcy docket further indicates, the court reporter never prepared the
transcript or filed it with the court. On May 26, 2020, this Panel issued an
order warning Hale of the potential legal consequences that could result
from his failure to obtain the missing transcript. Still, Hale has not obtained
the transcript.
A failure to provide necessary transcripts may be grounds for
dismissal or summary affirmance. Kyle v. Dye (In re Kyle),
317 B.R. 390, 393
(9th Cir. BAP 2004), aff'd, 170 F. App’x 457 (9th Cir. 2006); McCarthy v.
5
Prince (In re McCarthy),
230 B.R. 414, 416–17 (9th Cir. BAP 1999).
Nonetheless, even when a necessary transcript is missing, we have the
discretion to consider the merits of the appeal if there is a sufficient record
to enable us to conduct a meaningful review. In re
Kyle, 317 B.R. at 393.
When we do so, however, we may presume that there is nothing in the
missing transcript that would help the parties’ positions on appeal. U.S.
Dep’t of Educ. v. Carrion (In re Carrion),
601 B.R. 523, 525 n.3 (9th Cir. BAP
2019) (citing Gionis v. Wayne (In re Gionis),
170 B.R. 675, 680-81 (9th Cir. BAP
1994)).
Here, the uncontested facts and controlling case law provide us with
a sufficient understanding of the issue on appeal to permit us to review the
order on the merits. Accordingly, we will exercise our discretion to review
the merits of this appeal.
B. The bankruptcy court did not abuse its discretion when it denied
Hale’s motion to dismiss.
Debtors do not have an unfettered right to dismiss their voluntary
chapter 7 cases. In re
Bartee, 317 B.R. at 366. Pursuant to the governing
statute, § 707(a), the debtor must demonstrate cause for dismissal under the
totality of the circumstances and also must establish that his or her
creditors will not be prejudiced by the dismissal. In re
Hickman, 384 B.R. at
840-41; In re
Bartee, 317 B.R. at 365-66.
Bartee is directly on point. The debtors in Bartee sought dismissal of
6
their chapter 7 case four days after their trustee filed a report indicating
that the estate had assets to distribute to
creditors. 317 B.R. at 364. The
Bartees asserted that their bankruptcy filing was the result of bad legal
advice. They also advised the court that they had sufficient assets to pay
their creditors in full and expressed their intent to do so upon dismissal of
their case.
Id.
Opposing the motion, the trustee pointed out that the Bartees had
been less than candid about their financial affairs and had not cooperated
with his request for additional financial information. As a result, the trustee
maintained that the Bartees could not be trusted to honor their promises to
repay their creditors outside of bankruptcy.
Id. at 365.
On the day of the dismissal hearing, the Bartees filed a document
entitled “Debtors’ Planned Course of Action,” which reiterated their
expressed intent to pay their creditors outside of bankruptcy. But the
Bartees never supported their dismissal motion with any admissible
evidence.
Id. at 364-65. After the hearing, the bankruptcy court denied the
dismissal motion. The court explained that the Bartees’ intentions were too
speculative and their creditors’ interests were best served by the
continuation of the bankruptcy case.
Id. at 365.
On appeal, we affirmed. We pointed to the lack of evidence
supporting the Bartees’ motion.
Id. at 366. We also expressed our
agreement with the bankruptcy court’s determination that the Bartees had
7
not demonstrated an absence of prejudice to their creditors. As we
explained: “This is an asset case. The trustee anticipates that there will be
funds available to pay unsecured creditors. Dismissal of debtors’ case
would have prejudiced their creditors, because there is no guarantee that
debtors will pay their debts outside of bankruptcy.”
Id. (citation omitted).
Similar to Bartee, Hale was not forthright in disclosing his assets
when he filed his bankruptcy case. He failed to disclose his interest in his
father’s probate estate despite commencing the probate action roughly a
month after filing his bankruptcy. We noted in Bartee that a debtor’s failure
to disclose his or her assets fully and cooperate with the trustee is an
independent basis for denial of a motion to dismiss.
Id. at 366-67.
Nor has Hale provided any evidence demonstrating how or when he
will pay off his creditors if his bankruptcy case is dismissed. Hale’s interest
in the inheritance from his father increases the prospect that Hale’s
creditors will be paid if he remains in bankruptcy. In his reply brief on
appeal, Hale claimed for the first time that his sister is the owner of record
of his father’s former residence and that his bankruptcy estate has no legal
or equitable interest in the property. But he did not tell this story either in
the bankruptcy court or in his opening appeal brief. We typically will not
consider factual arguments not raised in the bankruptcy court or in the
opening appeal brief. Padgett v. Wright,
587 F.3d 983, 985 n.2 (9th Cir. 2009);
Levesque v. Shapiro (In re Levesque),
473 B.R. 331, 335 (9th Cir. BAP 2012).
8
Even if we were to consider it, the belated manner in which Hale disclosed
his alleged lack of interest in his father’s former residence further
undermines any faith in Hale’s promise to pay his creditors. Furthermore,
his current argument concerning the ownership of his father’s real property
directly contradicts the statements he made when opening his father’s
probate case. Thus, his new argument only bolsters our conviction that the
bankruptcy court properly exercised its discretion in denying Hale’s
dismissal motion.
Hale additionally argues that he has few creditors who are owed a
relatively small amount of money. This does not negate his failure to
disclose his interest or the potential harm to the existing creditors if the
case is dismissed and they are not repaid. Therefore, similar to our holding
in Bartee, the record supports the bankruptcy court’s decision that the
interests of Hale’s creditors would be best served by denial of Hale’s
motion to dismiss.
CONCLUSION
For the reasons set forth above, we AFFIRM the bankruptcy court’s
denial of Hale’s dismissal motion.
9
