In Re: M.H.-1 and C.S. ( 2017 )


Menu:
  •                             STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
    SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
    FILED
    In re: M.H.-1 and C.S.                                                     November 22, 2017
    EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK
    No. 17-0547 (Randolph County 17-JA-019 & 17-JA-024)                          SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
    OF WEST VIRGINIA
    MEMORANDUM DECISION
    Petitioner Father B.S., by counsel J. Brent Easton, appeals the Circuit Court of Randolph
    County’s May 16, 2017, order terminating his parental rights to M.H.-1 and C.S.1 The West
    Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (“DHHR”), by counsel Lee Niezgoda,
    filed a response in support of the circuit court’s order. The guardian ad litem (“guardian”),
    Heather M. Weese, filed a response on behalf of the children also in support of the circuit court’s
    order. On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in denying his motion for an
    improvement period and in terminating his parental rights.
    This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
    arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
    by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
    presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
    reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21
    of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
    In March of 2017, the DHHR filed an abuse and neglect petition against M.H.-1’s
    mother, M.H.-2, alleging abuse and neglect based on M.H.-2’s two prior involuntary
    terminations. The petition also alleged that, when M.H.-1 was born, the mother represented to
    the hospital that she was acting as a surrogate for a couple. Following the child’s birth, the
    mother admitted to hospital staff that petitioner was the father of the child and not the proposed
    adoptive father, as she previously stated. Petitioner was initially named as the “unknown father”
    in the petition due to the mother’s different assertions regarding the child’s paternity. The
    petition further alleged that petitioner was incarcerated following a probation revocation for an
    unrelated misdemeanor conviction due to his substance abuse issues and failed drug screens.
    According to the petition, petitioner was also in arrears in child support payments for C.S. Later,
    1
    Consistent with our long-standing practice in cases with sensitive facts, we use initials
    where necessary to protect the identities of those involved in this case. See In re K.H., 
    235 W.Va. 254
    , 
    773 S.E.2d 20
     (2015); Melinda H. v. William R. II, 
    230 W.Va. 731
    , 
    742 S.E.2d 419
     (2013);
    State v. Brandon B., 
    218 W.Va. 324
    , 
    624 S.E.2d 761
     (2005); State v. Edward Charles L., 
    183 W.Va. 641
    , 
    398 S.E.2d 123
     (1990). Additionally, because one of the children and the mother
    share the same initials, we will refer to the child as M.H.-1 and the mother as M.H.-2 throughout
    this memorandum decision.
    1
    in March of 2017, the DHHR filed an amended petition alleging that petitioner, as confirmed by
    genetic testing, was M.H.-1’s biological father. The petition also alleged that he abused the
    children due to his drug abuse; that he was impaired during his interview with the DHHR’s
    caseworker; and that he and the mother engaged in domestic violence.
    In April of 2017, the circuit court held an adjudicatory hearing at which petitioner
    stipulated that he had a history of substance abuse, engaged in domestic violence, and was in
    arrears on his child support obligation. Petitioner was adjudicated as an abusing parent and filed
    a motion for a post-adjudicatory improvement period. The circuit court took petitioner’s motion
    under advisement, ordered that he submit to periodic random drug screening, and granted him
    visitation with the children. On April 28, 2017, the DHHR moved to terminate petitioner’s
    parental rights based on his failure to submit to random drug screening and to visit the children.
    Petitioner submitted to only two drug screens and failed both for illicit substances.
    In May of 2017, the circuit court held a dispositional hearing upon the DHHR’s motion to
    terminate petitioner’s parental rights. At the hearing, petitioner minimized the stipulations that he
    made at the adjudicatory hearing; denied any history of drug abuse, despite two failed drug
    screens; and claimed that he was not able to visit his children because of his work schedule. He
    admitted to failing to pay his child support obligation. The DHHR case worker testified that
    when she met with petitioner to conduct an assessment regarding his case, he appeared to be
    under the influence of drugs and fell asleep three times during the interview. The case worker
    also testified that petitioner made no effort to visit M.H.-1 since her birth or to pay his child
    support obligation. Additionally, C.S.’s mother, G.H., testified that petitioner had not visited C.S.
    for over a year. The circuit court denied petitioner’s motion for an improvement period and
    found that he failed to prove by clear and convincing evidence that he would likely fully
    participate in the same. The circuit court also found that there was no reasonable likelihood that
    petitioner could substantially correct the conditions of abuse and neglect in the near future,
    noting that he “failed to meaningfully acknowledge those conditions despite the stipulations he
    made at the adjudicatory hearing.” The circuit court entered an order on May 16, 2017, denying
    petitioner’s motion for a post-adjudicatory improvement and terminating his parental rights to
    the children.2
    The Court has previously established the following standard of review:
    “Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de
    novo review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the
    facts without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the
    evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether
    such child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a
    reviewing court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when,
    2
    Petitioner’s parental rights to both children were terminated below. According to the
    guardian, M.H.-1’s biological mother, M.H.-2’s, rights were also terminated below. M.H.-1 was
    placed in a foster home and the permanency plan is adoption into that home. Further, C.S.
    remains in the home of her non-offending, biological mother, G.H., and the permanency plan is
    to remain in that home.
    2
    although there is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire
    evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been
    committed. However, a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply
    because it would have decided the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if
    the circuit court’s account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record
    viewed in its entirety.” Syl. Pt. 1, In Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 
    196 W.Va. 223
    ,
    
    470 S.E.2d 177
     (1996).
    Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 
    228 W.Va. 89
    , 
    717 S.E.2d 873
     (2011).
    On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in denying his motion for a post­
    adjudicatory improvement period. First, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in its
    “cursory finding that his history of substance abuse, verbal domestic violence, and child support
    arrearage could not be successfully corrected.” We do not agree. We have often noted that the
    decision to grant or deny an improvement period rests in the sound discretion of the circuit court.
    See In re: M.M., 
    236 W.Va. 108
    , 115, 
    778 S.E.2d 338
    , 345 (2015) (stating that “West Virginia
    law allows the circuit court discretion in deciding whether to grant a parent an improvement
    period”); Syl. Pt. 6, in part, In re Katie S., 
    198 W.Va. 79
    , 
    479 S.E.2d 589
     (1996) (holding that
    “[i]t is within the court’s discretion to grant an improvement period within the applicable
    statutory requirements”).We have also held that a parent’s “entitlement to an improvement
    period is conditioned upon the ability of the [parent] to demonstrate ‘by clear and convincing
    evidence, that the [parent] is likely to fully participate in the improvement period . . . .’” In re:
    Charity H., 
    215 W.Va. 208
    , 215, 
    599 S.E.2d 631
    , 638 (2004).
    Here, it is clear from the record that petitioner failed to demonstrate his ability to fully
    participate in an improvement period. Petitioner admitted that he had a history of substance
    abuse, but claims that he has no current substance abuse issues. However, the circuit court was
    presented with evidence that petitioner submitted to only two random drug screens, both of
    which were positive for illicit substances. Petitioner also admitted that he failed to participate in
    the court-ordered drug screens, even though he knew that clean drug screens were a prerequisite
    to visitation with the children. He also admitted that if he submitted to the required drug screens
    they might have been positive for Suboxone, Xanax, and marijuana. As such, it is clear that
    petitioner failed to establish that he was likely to fully participate in a post-adjudicatory
    improvement period. Accordingly, we find the circuit court did not err in denying petitioner’s
    motion after a post-adjudicatory improvement period.
    Moreover, the circuit court found that petitioner failed to remedy the conditions of abuse
    and neglect in the home. These findings were based on substantial evidence, including evidence
    that petitioner failed to fully participate in random drug screening and that he continued to
    engage in domestic violence. Pursuant to West Virginia Code § 49-4-604(c)(3), a situation in
    which there is no reasonable likelihood that the conditions of abuse and neglect can be
    substantially corrected includes one in which
    [t]he abusing parent . . . [has] not responded to or followed through with a
    reasonable family case plan or other rehabilitative efforts of social, medical,
    mental health or other rehabilitative agencies designed to reduce or prevent the
    3
    abuse or neglect of the child, as evidenced by the continuation or insubstantial
    diminution of conditions which threatened the health, welfare or life of the child .
    ...
    Based upon the considerable evidence outlined above, the circuit court found that there
    was no reasonable likelihood that petitioner could substantially correct the conditions of abuse
    and neglect because, according to the circuit court, he was “unwilling or unable to provide
    adequately for the children’s needs” and failed to visit with the children for approximately one
    year due to his non-compliance. The circuit court further found that termination of petitioner’s
    parental rights was necessary for the children’s welfare. Pursuant to West Virginia Code § 49-4­
    604(b)(6), circuit courts are directed to terminate a parent’s parental rights upon such findings.
    Accordingly, for the foregoing reasons, we find no error in the decision of the circuit
    court, and its May 16, 2017, order is hereby affirmed.
    Affirmed.
    ISSUED: November 22, 2017
    CONCURRED IN BY:
    Chief Justice Allen H. Loughry II
    Justice Robin Jean Davis
    Justice Margaret L. Workman
    Justice Menis E. Ketchum
    Justice Elizabeth D. Walker
    4