In re A.D. CA2/3 ( 2015 )

Filed 12/14/15 In re A.D. CA2/3
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION THREE
In re A.D., et al., Persons Coming Under B262536
the Juvenile Court Law.
(Los Angeles County
COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES Super. Ct. No. DK05289)
DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN AND
FAMILY SERVICES,
Plaintiff and Respondent,
v.
ANNA D.,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County,
Debra L. Losnick, Judge. Affirmed.
Konrad S. Lee, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and
Appellant.
Office of the County Counsel, Mary C. Wickham, Interim County Counsel,
Dawyn R. Harrison, Assistant County Counsel, and Jeanette Cauble, Deputy County
Counsel, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
___________________________________________
INTRODUCTION
Anna D. (mother) appeals from the juvenile court’s jurisdictional findings that she
failed to protect her children, A.D. (born in January 2002) and Alanna D. (born in
September 2003), from her boyfriend’s sexual abuse. She argues the court erred in
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exercising jurisdiction over the children under Welfare and Institutions Code
section 300, subdivision (d), because insufficient evidence supports the court’s findings
that she knew or should have known about the sexual abuse and, in any event, they were
safe in their father’s custody at the time of the jurisdiction hearing. We affirm.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
1. Initial Referral and Sexual Abuse Investigation
Under a May 2013 family court order, mother and Albert D. (father) shared legal
and physical custody of A.D. and Alanna. Father had primary physical custody of the
children, while mother saw them on certain days of the month. When the children were
in mother’s physical custody, they stayed with her and her boyfriend, R., at R.’s house.
Mother would sometimes travel by herself, leaving the children alone with R. for several
days. Mother did not tell father, and she instructed the children not to tell father, when
she would leave the children alone with R.
In April 2014, the Department of Children and Family Services (the Department)
received a referral alleging that R. had sexually abused A.D. and Alanna. After the
Department received the referral, the children were interviewed by law enforcement,
medical personnel, and Department staff.
Alanna described an incident from September 2013, when R. molested her while
mother was in Thailand. She was watching cartoons with R. on mother’s bed when he
grabbed her and touched her vagina with his hand and penis. Alanna claimed this was
the only time R. abused her. A.D. reported that R. had sexually abused her several times
since she was around five or six years old. R. would sometimes touch her breasts,
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All undesignated statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code.
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vagina, and buttocks. The children denied telling anyone, including mother, about R.’s
sexual abuse before the referral was made.
After receiving the referral, the Department’s social worker interviewed father and
mother. Before the abuse was reported, father had not been concerned about the
children’s safety when they were around R., but he was aware that mother would
sometimes leave them alone with R. for several days at a time. He claimed, however,
that he never knew when mother left the children alone with R. until after the children
returned to his custody.
Mother claimed that father had “coached” the children to make false allegations
against R., and she accused father of being an alcoholic and having committed domestic
violence and rape in the past. Mother reported that she was completely dependent on R.
as her caretaker.
Shortly after the referral was made, father obtained an emergency custody order
from the family court, temporarily awarding him full physical custody of the children.
Mother opposed father’s request for the temporary order, denying that R. had abused the
children and requesting that R. be allowed to remain in contact with them. Several days
later, the Department’s social worker questioned mother about her response to father’s
request for full custody of the children. Mother continued to deny that R. had sexually
abused her children, saying that she had seen no “paperwork” about the children’s
allegations.
2. The Petition and Detention
In June 2014, the Department filed a dependency petition, alleging that the
children fell within the court’s jurisdiction under section 300, subdivisions (b), (d),
and (j), based on R.’s sexual abuse of the children and mother’s failure to protect them
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from the sexual abuse. Father was not named in the petition. At the detention hearing,
the court found the Department established a prima facie case that the children fell within
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The petition set forth six allegations. Specifically, for each of the three
subdivisions of section 300 under which the Department sought to establish jurisdiction,
the Department made two allegations, one as to each child.
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the court’s jurisdiction and ordered the children removed from mother’s custody and
placed with father. The court allowed mother monitored visits with the children in a
therapeutic setting and ordered R. not to contact the children.
3. The July 2014 Interviews
In July 2014, the Department’s social worker conducted additional interviews with
mother, father, and the children.
i. Mother’s Interview
Mother appeared confused during her interview, telling the Department’s social
worker that she did not understand why the children had been removed from her custody.
When asked about Alanna’s allegations against R., mother stated, “ ‘Alanna told me that
someone was touching her inappropriately but said she couldn’t tell me because daddy
would be mad. . . . I looked in the area [vaginal area] and there were little pimples. She
told me before I left to Thailand.’ ” When asked about A.D.’s allegations, mother
casually dismissed them, laughing and saying, “ ‘[A.D.], good luck if you can get close,
she will kick your butt.’ ”
Mother continued to deny R. had sexually abused her children, saying, “ ‘He [R.]
is so respectful. I have been with him every day for the last 10 years, except when I went
to Thailand. I never seen him [R.] get that close to her [Alanna]. We have a dog; he is
protective of the girls. He [the dog] would know if something is wrong. . . . I am not
denying that somebody is touching my daughter. . . . [¶] He [R.] said he didn’t do it. I
do believe him. I am with him. He is a good man.’ ” She told the social worker that she
thinks her children are “ ‘scared and confused,’ ” and she attributed A.D.’s allegations to
the fact that she is “outspoken.” Mother did report, however, that she had observed the
children engaging in “sexualized” behavior. For example, she told the social worker that
she caught Alanna taking photographs of A.D.’s buttocks, that Alanna had kicked or hit
someone in the genitals, and that A.D. “tears up” her room when she gets mad.
ii. A.D.’s Interview
A.D. told the social worker that R. abused her when she was between four and 10
or 11 years old. She said that when she was “ ‘smaller,’ ” he would penetrate her vagina
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with his penis. He would also touch her private parts with his hand and make her touch
his private parts. R. would sometimes enter A.D.’s bedroom in the middle of the night
and get into bed with her while everyone else in the house was sleeping.
A.D. told the social worker, “ ‘I feel safe at my dad’s house. I mean I love my
mom but I don’t want her to live with [R.] because I worry for my mom. . . . I don’t
think my mom believes me [referring to the sexual abuse] cuz she doesn’t do anything to
change it.’ ” A.D. said that she would cry every Thursday when she had to go to R.’s
house. Although A.D. denied ever telling mother about R.’s abuse, she did on at least
one occasion repeatedly tell mother that she hated R.
iii. Alanna’s Interview
Alanna told the social worker that she “sometimes” feels safe with R. When asked
about when she does not feel safe, Alanna said, “ ‘When my mom went to Thailand and
she went to Vegas for a couple of days.’ ” Alanna then described the September 2013
incident when R. sexually abused her. Alanna told the social worker that she thought
mother did not believe that R. had abused her and A.D.
iv. Father’s Interview
Father again denied he was aware R. had sexually abused the children before the
abuse was reported. He did notice, however, that the children would often become
anxious before going to R.’s house. Father assured the social worker that the children
would be safe in his care and that he would provide any support and treatment they
needed.
4. Post-Detention Events
After the detention hearing, mother continued to live with R. Between June and
August 2014, mother failed to show up for two monitored visits with the children.
A third visit was scheduled for late September 2014; however, the children refused to
visit with mother because they did not think she believed them about the sexual abuse
allegations and they were upset that she continued to be in a relationship with R. In
August 2014, mother went with R. to the children’s former middle school to try to
contact the children.
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In December 2014, the Department reported that mother had started visiting the
children on a weekly basis. The children were becoming more affectionate toward
mother, expressing their feelings and telling her they loved her.
On January 9, 2015, the Department contacted mother’s therapist, who reported
that mother was still living with R. The therapist believed mother was unable to
comprehend the severity of the children’s allegations or understand why she should not
continue to live with R.
5. Jurisdiction and Disposition Hearing
On January 14, 2015, the court held a jurisdiction and disposition hearing. After
receiving evidence from the Department and hearing argument from counsel, the court
sustained the petition’s two allegations under section 300, subdivision (d), finding that R.
had sexually abused Alanna and A.D., and that mother should have known about the
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abuse but failed to protect her children from it. The court then terminated jurisdiction
and issued a family law exit order, granting father sole legal and physical custody of the
children, awarding mother monitored visitation with the children two times a month, and
prohibiting R. from going within 500 yards of the children.
DISCUSSION
Mother challenges the court’s jurisdictional order on two grounds. First, she
argues insufficient evidence supports the court’s findings that she failed to protect A.D.
and Alanna from R.’s sexual abuse. Second, she contends that, even if the court’s
jurisdictional findings are supported by substantial evidence, the court should have
dismissed the dependency petition because A.D. and Alanna were safely in father’s
custody at the time of the jurisdiction hearing.
1. Applicable Law and Standard of Review
Under section 300, subdivision (d), a juvenile court may exercise jurisdiction over
a child when the “child has been sexually abused, or there is a substantial risk that the
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The court dismissed the four allegations under subdivisions (b) and (j) in the
interests of justice.
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child will be sexually abused . . . by his or her parent or guardian or a member of his or
her household, or the parent or guardian has failed to adequately protect the child from
sexual abuse when the parent or guardian knew or reasonably should have known that the
child was in danger of sexual abuse.” To support a jurisdictional finding, the sexual
abuse does not have to be performed by the child’s parent; rather it is sufficient to
establish jurisdiction if the abuse has been carried out by a member of the child’s
household. (See § 300, subd. (d).) A “ ‘member of the household’ ” is “any person
continually or frequently found in the same household as the child.” (Cal. Rules of
Court, rule 5.502, subd. (22).)
We review a juvenile court’s jurisdictional findings for substantial evidence.
(In re R.V. (2012) 208 Cal. App. 4th 837, 843.) We will affirm the finding if it is
supported by evidence that is reasonable, credible, and of solid value. (Ibid.) “We do not
evaluate the credibility of witnesses, attempt to resolve conflicts in the evidence or
determine the weight of the evidence. Instead, we draw all reasonable inferences in
support of the findings, view the record favorably to the juvenile court’s order and affirm
the order even if there is other evidence supporting a contrary finding. [Citations.] The
appellant has the burden of showing there is no evidence of a sufficiently substantial
nature to support the findings or order. [Citation.]” (Ibid.) We can affirm jurisdiction if
any one of the grounds alleged in the dependency petition is supported by substantial
evidence. (In re Drake M. (2012) 211 Cal. App. 4th 754, 763.)
2. The Jurisdictional Findings Are Supported by Substantial Evidence
On appeal, mother argues that insufficient evidence supports the court’s findings
that she knew or reasonably should have known that both children were in danger of
being sexually abused by R. Notably, mother does not challenge the court’s finding that
R. sexually abused Alanna and A.D while they were in her physical custody. As we
discuss below, substantial evidence supports the court’s findings.
A.D. reported to the Department that R., who lived with mother, had sexually
abused her over the course of several years. According to A.D., R. would sometimes
leave his and mother’s bedroom in the middle of the night and get into bed with A.D.
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Eventually, A.D. began to actively avoid contact with R., and on at least one occasion,
she told mother that she hated R. Nevertheless, mother made no effort to learn why A.D.
hated R. or why she avoided contact with him. Instead, mother ignored A.D.’s feelings
toward R. by frequently leaving her and Alanna alone in R.’s care for extended periods of
time. A.D.’s and R.’s behavior should have caused mother to become suspicious that
A.D. was being abused. (See In re Maria R. (2010) 185 Cal. App. 4th 48, 60 [mother
should have been aware of father sexually abusing their children because the abuse had
been ongoing for several years] disapproved of on other grounds in In re I.J. (2013)
56 Cal. 4th 766.)
As for Alanna, she told mother that someone had inappropriately touched her
before mother went to Thailand. Mother also reported that she had seen Alanna engage
in sexualized behavior. Although mother claimed she checked Alanna’s genitals for
signs of abuse, she made no further effort to determine whether Alanna actually had been
abused and, if so, by whom. For example, she never reported Alanna’s statement to law
enforcement or sought to have Alanna examined by a medical professional.
3. Jurisdiction was Proper Even Though the Children Lived with Father
Next, mother contends that even if substantial evidence supports the court’s
finding that she should have known about R.’s sexual abuse, the court erred in sustaining
jurisdiction over the children because the Department did not prove the children faced a
current risk of harm at the time of the jurisdiction hearing. Specifically, mother relies on
In re A.G. (2013) 220 Cal. App. 4th 675 (A.G.) to argue the court should have dismissed
the dependency petition because, at the time of the jurisdiction hearing, the children were
safe in father’s custody and did not face a risk of further sexual abuse. Mother also
argues the court’s jurisdictional findings were futile because the court terminated
jurisdiction and granted father sole legal and physical custody of the children
immediately after making its jurisdictional findings. We disagree with mother’s
contentions.
A.G. does not support mother’s claim because the juvenile court in this case
sustained jurisdiction over the children under section 300, subdivision (d), not
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subdivision (b). Unlike subdivision (b) which was at issue in A.G., (see A.G., supra,
220 Cal.App.4th at p. 683.) subdivision (d) of section 300 does not require a showing in
every case that a child faces a risk of harm (i.e., sexual abuse) at the time of the
jurisdiction hearing. (See In re Carlos T. (2009) 174 Cal. App. 4th 795, 803 (Carlos T.).)
Rather, it is sufficient to show that the child has been sexually abused by a parent or
a member of the household, or a parent failed to protect the child from sexual abuse when
the parent reasonably should have known that the child was in danger of being abused.
(See id. at p. 805 [if there is substantial evidence that the child was actually abused,
“there is no need to discuss whether there was sufficient evidence to support jurisdiction
under the alternative ‘substantial risk’ of abuse prong of subdivision (d)”], italics
original.) Accordingly, A.G. does not stand for the proposition that jurisdiction cannot be
sustained under section 300, subdivision (d), if a child who was sexually abused in the
past is safely residing with a nonoffending parent at the time of the jurisdictional
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hearing.
A.G. is also distinguishable on its facts. A.G. did not involve sexual abuse, or any
type of abuse, against children. (See A.G., supra, 220 Cal.App.4th at pp. 677-682.)
Unlike the children in A.G., A.D. and Alanna did not have a parent who at all times
protected them from suffering actual abuse or harm. Although the parties do not dispute
the children were safe when they were in father’s custody, the children were seriously
harmed when they were not in his custody--they were sexually abused by mother’s
boyfriend. We also note that father would allow the children to go to R.’s house despite
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This case also does not fall within the scope of In re Phoenix B. (1990)
218 Cal. App. 3d 787, a case mother cites for the proposition that there is “no basis for
dependency jurisdiction where [a] nonoffending father provided appropriate care and the
[children’s] welfare was not endangered by placing [them] with father.” In Phoenix B.,
the Court of Appeal affirmed the juvenile court’s dismissal of a dependency petition
alleging jurisdiction under former section 300, subdivision (a), after the child’s
noncustodial, nonoffending father, who lived out of state, appeared in the dependency
proceeding and claimed custody of the child. (Id. at pp. 790, 792-794.) Here, the
children remained within the scope of section 300, subdivision (d), even after they were
placed in father’s sole physical custody.
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having reason to be concerned about their safety and wellbeing when around R. For
example, A.D. and Alanna would become anxious and sometimes cry before going to
R.’s house.
We also reject mother’s argument that the juvenile court’s jurisdictional findings
were futile because the family court could have issued a custody order awarding father
sole legal and physical custody of the children without the juvenile court’s intervention.
Mother’s argument ignores the fact that juvenile and family courts serve different
purposes, even though some of their functions may overlap. (See In re Chantal S. (1996)
13 Cal. 4th 196, 201.) One of the most critical distinctions between the two courts is that
in the family court, parents are presumed to be “fit and capable of raising their children,”
whereas such a presumption does not exist in the juvenile court. (Ibid.) While the family
court is designed to provide presumably fit parents with a forum to resolve their private
custody disputes (ibid.), the juvenile court and the dependency statutory scheme is
designed to “restrict parental behavior regarding children” and “provide maximum safety
and protection” for children who have been neglected or sexually, physically, or
emotionally abused. (§ 300.2; see also Chantal S., supra, 13 Cal.4th at p. 201.)
In this case, the juvenile’s court’s exercise of jurisdiction over the children was
appropriate in light of the sexual abuse they suffered and mother’s continuing lack of
concern for their physical and emotional wellbeing. Indeed, mother denied R. was
responsible for the children’s abuse and tried to shift the blame for the abuse to other
people, including father. Aside from failing to take responsibility for the harm her
children suffered, mother displayed a lack of concern for their safety by leaving them
alone in R.’s custody for extended periods of time. Even after the juvenile court issued
an order prohibiting R. from contacting the children, mother and R. went to the children’s
school in an attempt to contact them. If not for the Department’s and the court’s
intervention, it is unlikely mother would have addressed, let alone acknowledged, the
sexual abuse that gave rise to these dependency proceedings. (See Carlos T., supra,
174 Cal.App.4th at pp. 800, 806.)
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DISPOSITION
The jurisdictional findings and judgment are affirmed.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
LAVIN, J.
WE CONCUR:
EDMON, P. J.
ALDRICH, J.
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