Glaze v. Watson , 55 Tex. 563 ( 1881 )

Bonner, Associate Justice.

We will not undertake to dispose of this case in the order presented by the assignment of errors. To arrive at its proper decision, it should be remembered that it is simply an ordinary action of trespass to try title, in which both parties specially deraign their respective titles from John F. Oock and wife as a common source; and that the only issue presented by the pleadings is one of superiority of title. Watson, the plaintiff below, appellee here, claims under the following chain of title:

First. Deed of trust made by Cock and wife to Squyres, trustee, of date December 15, 1873, with power of sale, to secure their note of that date, due twelve months thereafter, for $1,867, given to Watson.

Second. Sale under said deed of trust, and deed from the trustee to Watson as purchaser, of date February 2, 1875.

The testimony shows that the consideration of this note and deed of trust was part of the purchase money for the property in dispute, bought by Cock from his vendor, Blackwell. That at the date of Cock’s purchase, Blackwell owed Watson this amount, and to secure which Watson held a prior deed of trust on the same property, made by Blackwell and wife. That as part of the agreement of sale between Blackwell and Cock, the latter assumed the payment of this debt, and to secure it, as it then was; and in pursuance of this agreement, he and wife executed their note and deed of trust to Watson in lieu of the one previously held by him. The title of Glaze, defendant below, appellant in this court, is two-fold:

First. Deed of trust made by Cock and wife, to Milliken, trustee, also of date December 15, 1873, with power of sale, to secure their prior note of date October 21, 1873, due at twelve months, for $3,000, given to Glaze.

Second. Sale under said deed of trust and deed from Lindsey, substituted trustee, to Glaze as purchaser, of date September 9, 1874, prior to the deed to Watson.

Third. Deed from Lindsey, as sheriff, to Glaze, of date September 18, 1875, subsequent to Watson’s deed, made by virtue of sundry orders of sale from the district court, on judgments against Cock and wife enforcing the vendor’s lien on the property, upon certain other notes given by Cock and wife to Blackwell for the remainder due on the purchase money.

Watson was not a party to the judgments enforcing the vendor’s lien on these notes.

We will first dispose of the latter branch of Glaze’s title, derived through the sale under these judgments.

In regard to this, it is sufficient to say that, under repeated decisions of this court, these judgments could not affect Watson, as he was not made a party to the suits in which they were rendered. Mills v. Taylor, 30 Tex., 7; Delespine v. Campbell, 45 Tex., 628, and authorities cited:

The controversy is therefore narrowed down to the simple question of the superiority of the respective titles of the parties derived through their two trust deeds.

The fact that Watson was substituted for Blackwell as payee of part of the purchase money to be paid by Cock, would not defeat the vendor’s lien. Pinchain v. Collard, 13 Tex., 333; Ellis v. Singletary, 45 Tex., 36; Irvin v. Garner, 50 Tex., 48.

Neither would the fact that a deed of trust was given to Watson be a waiver of the lien. Wasson v. Davis, 34 Tex., 167; Irvin v. Garner, 50 Tex., 48.

Under the circumstances of this case, the law would not presume that Watson intended to waive his hen, unless the testimony clearly showed such intention. Silliman v. Gammage (decided at the present term).

Both deeds of trust were executed on the same day, and under such circumstances of actual notice, as, between the parties, would render of no avail the fact that the one in favor of Watson was filed for record and recorded an hour before that to Glaze; and, prima facie, it would seem that they stand on an equal footing. But, as before shown, the note secured by the deed o>f trust to Watson was part of the purchase money for the prop>erty. The note, however, given to Glaze, and secured, by his deed of trust, was not part of the purchase money. It is true that this note was an incumbrance, through a. deed of trust on the property sold by Cock to Blackwell, and which property entered into the consideration of -the sale from Blackwell to Cock; but in a legal sense it was no more a part of the purchase money due to Blackwell than would have befen a note for borrowed money, to pay off this incumbrance, given by Cock to some other party. Blackwell was in no wise liable for this note due by Cock to Glaze, and did not assume any responsibility for its payment. On the contrary, it was a debt due by Cock and wife alone, the payment of which would not lessen their liability to Blackwell. Although to secure it, Cock gave a deed of trust on the property after the purchase of it from Blackwell, yet it was not because this property was liable otherwise for its payment, and Cock could have demanded the privilege of giving the lien upon any other property as well. But the amount for which the note and deed of trust were given to Watson was not only due him by Blackwell, but was a prior charge upon this very property, and its payment, to that extent, would discharge part of the purchase money due by Cock. Glaze himself in his testimony admits a knowledge of these facts before the trade was made.

Under these circumstances, as Watson’s note was for part of the purchase money and Glaze’s note was not, this, of itself, as Watson did not waive his hen, but expressly retained it, would make his the superior'.

But again, the execution of the note and deed of trust in favor of Watson was an essential condition and part of the promised consideration from Cock to Blackwell, and without complying with which, Cock could not have obtained his deed to the property. He necessarily must have first obtained this title before he could incumber it with the deed of trust to secure the collateral debt due by him to Glaze, and with the payment of which neither Blackwell nor Watson were charged, and which incumbrance could take effect only on such title as Cock obtained. The agreement between Cock and Glaze may have been cotemporaneously with or even prior to the sale to Cock, but it could take effect only after Cock had acquired the title, and then only on such title as he could incumber, having regard to the claim of Watson, to secure which constituted an essential prerequisite to the purchase.

We are of opinion that the lien of Watson was superior to that of Glaze, and that the jury in thus finding in effect did not err.

It does not become necessary to decide whether there was error in permitting parol evidence to be introduced to show that, by the agreement between Watson and Blackwell (to which neither Glaze nor Cock were shown to have been parties), the Ben of Watson was to have been a prior or preferred one; as the court more than once, in the charge, instructed the jury that this evidence could not affect the rights of Glaze. This restriction in the charge cured the error, if any, both in overruling the objections to this testimony, and the demurrer to that part of the pleadings in which a predicate was laid for its introduction.

Watson’s lien, then, being superior to that of Glaze, it remains but to inquire into the legal effect of the sales under the two deeds of trust. The sale under which Glaze claims title was first made. This had the effect, as against Cock, to bar his equity of redemption and extinguish his debt to Glaze to the amount of his bid. Glaze then took the title subject to the prior lien of Watson, and was subrogated to Cock’s right to redeem as against Watson. Glaze failed to redeem, and the subsequent sale and purchase by Watson under his trust deed vested in him the absolute superior title to the land, and. the surplus of his bid, if any, belonged to Glaze. 2 Perry on Trusts (2d ed.), § 602bb; Robertson v. Guerin, 50 Tex., 323; Graham v. King, 15 Ala., 563.

We pass only on the case as made by the issues and relief sought in the pleadings, and do not decide what might have been the respective equities of the parties, if, as in Pitman v. Henry, 50 Tex., 359, the pleadings had been framed with respect to having one or both the sales set aside, these equities settled, and a new sale ordered. Ellis v. Singletary, 45 Tex., 27.

Judgment affirmed.

[Opinion delivered November 5, 1881.]