Com. Ex Rel. T. Connelly v. R. Gilmore ( 2017 )


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  •               IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
    Commonwealth Ex Rel.                      :
    Troy Connelly,                            :
    Appellant                  :
    :   No. 1919 C.D. 2016
    v.                           :
    :   Submitted: May 12, 2017
    Robert Gilmore, et al.                    :
    BEFORE:      HONORABLE MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge
    HONORABLE PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge
    HONORABLE JOSEPH M. COSGROVE, Judge
    OPINION NOT REPORTED
    MEMORANDUM OPINION
    BY JUDGE McCULLOUGH                                        FILED: August 25, 2017
    Troy Connelly (Connelly) appeals, pro se, from the October 25, 2016
    order of the Court of Common Pleas of Greene County (trial court) granting the
    motion of Robert Gilmore and associated defendants (Gilmore) to dismiss Connelly’s
    Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus (Petition). We affirm.
    Background
    On December 17, 2003, the Philadelphia County Court of Common
    Pleas sentenced Connelly to an aggregate term of 85 to 170 years’ imprisonment for
    convictions stemming from a series of criminal episodes that included kidnappings,
    rapes, and a robbery. He is presently incarcerated at the State Correctional Institution
    at Greene (SCI-Greene).
    In 2013, Connelly submitted a request to the Department of Corrections
    (DOC) for his sentencing order pursuant to the Right-to-Know Law,1 and the DOC
    denied the request on the ground that the sentencing order did not exist within its
    possession, custody, or control. By adjudication dated October 16, 2013, the Office
    of Open Records affirmed the denial, relying on the attestation of the Records
    Supervisor at SCI-Greene who stated that, after conducting a search, she could not
    locate Connelly’s sentencing order.
    On March 12, 2015, Connelly filed the Petition with the trial court,
    alleging that he is being confined without lawful justification because the DOC is not
    in possession of his sentencing order. On this theory, Connelly asserts that his
    continued confinement constitutes involuntary servitude in violation of Section 1 of
    the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, U.S. CONST. amend.
    XIII, §1, and an unlawful restraint in violation of section 2902 of the Pennsylvania
    Crimes Code, 18 Pa.C.S. §2902.
    On April 27, 2015, after his Petition went unanswered by Gilmore, the
    Superintendent of SCI-Green, Connelly forwarded the Petition to the sheriff to
    effectuate service on Gilmore and the associated defendants.
    On July 31, 2015, Connelly filed a motion requesting that the trial court
    grant the Petition because Gilmore did not file an answer to the Petition. The trial
    court held an informal conference on February 4, 2016, with Connelly and the
    attorney for Gilmore. The trial court thereafter ordered a stay in the proceeding on
    February 8, 2016, pending the outcome of Connelly’s class-action lawsuit against the
    DOC, which asserted legal issues that were substantially similar to those raised in the
    Petition.
    1
    Act of February 14, 2008, P.L. 6, 65 P.S. §§67.101 – 67.3104.
    2
    On February 12, 2016, Gilmore filed a motion to dismiss Connelly’s
    Petition, contending that the averred facts were insufficient to warrant relief. On
    October 25, 2016, the trial court entered an order granting Gilmore’s motion from
    which Connelly now appeals.2
    Discussion
    Connelly argues that the trial court abused its discretion in refusing to
    grant his Petition on the following grounds: (1) the trial court dismissed his Petition
    without a hearing; (2) Gilmore failed to timely respond to the Petition in violation of
    section 6504 of the Judicial Code, 42 Pa.C.S. §6504, and thereby agreed by silence
    that Connelly is unlawfully detained; and (3) the trial court’s dismissal of the Petition
    constituted interference with a writ of habeas corpus in violation of section 6505 of
    the Judicial Code, 42 Pa.C.S. §6505.
    Initially, we note that “a claim that a defendant’s sentence is illegal due
    to the inability of the DOC to produce a written sentencing order related to [his]
    judgment of sentence constitutes a claim legitimately sounding in habeas corpus.”
    Joseph v. Glunt, 
    96 A.3d 365
    , 368 (Pa. Super. 2014) (citation and internal quotation
    marks omitted). A writ of habeas corpus “is an extraordinary remedy that is available
    after other remedies have been exhausted or are ineffectual or nonexistent . . . [and] is
    not a substitute for appellate review.” Department of Corrections v. Reese, 
    774 A.2d 1255
    , 1260 (Pa. Super. 2001). Primarily, “the writ of habeas corpus has functioned
    . . . to test the legality of the petitioner’s commitment and detention,” Commonwealth
    2
    “Our standard of review of a trial court’s order denying a petition for [a] writ of habeas
    corpus is limited to [an] abuse of discretion.” Rivera v. Department of Corrections, 
    837 A.2d 525
    ,
    528 (Pa. Super. 2003).
    3
    ex rel. Bryant v. Hendrick, 
    280 A.2d 110
     (Pa. 1971), and “lies to correct void or
    illegal sentences or an illegal detention.” Commonwealth ex rel. Butler v. Rundle,
    
    180 A.2d 923
    , 924 (Pa. 1962).
    Connelly first asserts that his confinement is illegal because the DOC is
    not in possession of his sentencing order and the trial court therefore erred in
    dismissing the Petition without convening a hearing. This argument, however, has
    been considered and rejected by both this Court and the Superior Court.
    In Travis v. Giroux, (Pa. Cmwlth., No. 489 C.D. 2013, filed December
    18, 2013) (unreported), a prisoner argued in his petition for a writ of habeas corpus
    that “the DOC’s regulations and the Judicial Code require a sentencing order and
    other documentation before the DOC may confine an individual” and “because no
    sentencing order exists for his conviction, the DOC was without authority to confine
    him.” Slip op. at 7. On appeal, this Court affirmed the dismissal of the prisoner’s
    petition, concluding that “the absence of a sentencing order does not make his
    confinement illegal.” 
    Id.
     Likewise, where a prisoner was unable to secure a copy of
    his sentencing order through the RTKL and thereafter filed a petition for habeas
    corpus, the Superior Court held that the prisoner “has no basis on which to argue that
    the DOC does not have the authority to incarcerate him merely because it does not
    possess a copy of his sentencing order.” O’Hara v. Giroux, (Pa. Super., No. 15 WDA
    2015, filed August 11, 2015) (unreported), slip op. at 6. The rationale supporting
    these decisions is that, even though the DOC does not possess a prisoner’s sentencing
    order, this fact fails to demonstrate that the prisoner was not convicted of or
    sentenced for a crime, and there is no legal authority, statutory or otherwise, that
    provides a prisoner with grounds for discharge in such a scenario. See Joseph, 
    96 A.3d at 372
     (stating that “the trial court correctly concluded that, even in the absence
    4
    of a written sentencing order, the [DOC] had continuing authority to detain [the
    prisoner].”).
    Conversely, both this Court and our Superior Court have held that where
    the criminal docket sheet, or other comparable evidence, reflects that the prisoner was
    convicted and sentenced, there is “sufficient authority to maintain a prisoner’s
    detention notwithstanding the absence of a written sentencing order[.]” Joseph, 
    96 A.3d at 372
    ; see Travis, slip op. at 6.
    This Court may take judicial notice of official court records and public
    documents in a connected case.         See, e.g., Pa.R.E. 201(b)(2); Germantown Cab
    Company v. Philadelphia Parking Authority, 
    27 A.3d 280
    , 283 n.8 (Pa. Cmwlth.
    2011); Doxsey v. Commonwealth, 
    674 A.2d 1173
    , 1174 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2004). Upon
    our review, we note that the entries for criminal docket numbers CP-51-CR-0203521-
    2002, CP-51-CR-0203531-2002, and CP-51-CR-0304071-2002 clearly evidence that
    Connelly was convicted of multiple criminal offenses and the trial court imposed
    various sentences consecutively totaling a final aggregate sentence of 85 to 170
    years’ imprisonment. (Docket Sheets, CR-0203521, at 4-5; CR-0203531, at 4; CR-
    0304071, at 4.) In adjudicating Connelly’s federal habeas action, the United States
    District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania cited notes of testimony from
    the sentencing hearing, observing: “On December 17, 2003, the trial judge sentenced
    Connelly to 85-170 years incarceration. Sentencing Transcript, December 17, 2003
    at 49-51.” Connelly v. Beard, (E.D. Pa., No. 09-4711, filed August 9, 2010), slip op.
    at 3.
    Moreover, Connelly previously filed an identical lawsuit, making the
    same claims and arguments that he currently advances, in the form of a civil rights
    action which the defendants removed to the United States District Court for the
    5
    Western District of Pennsylvania.          In affirming the district court’s dismissal of
    Connelly’s complaint, the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
    recounted and determined:
    On October 16, 2013, presumably in response to an inquiry,
    a records supervisor at SCI-Greene created an “Agency
    Attestation of Nonexistence of Records” form indicating
    that she was not in possession of the sentencing orders from
    Connelly’s state court cases. Thereafter, Connelly filed a
    complaint in the Greene County Court of Common Pleas
    against the Secretary of the DOC, alleging that, because the
    trial court never completed a written sentencing order, he
    was being illegally [confined] . . . .
    Connelly does not contend that he was not convicted or
    sentenced by the Court of Common Pleas. Instead, he
    asserts that his confinement is illegal because there is no
    written sentencing order.         Connelly argues that this
    omission invalidates the DOC’s authority to hold him in
    custody and that he thus is entitled to damages. However,
    the exhibits attached to the motion to dismiss demonstrate
    that the trial judge signed written sentencing orders in each
    of Connelly’s cases. In addition, the Clerk of Court drafted
    and signed multiple commitment sheets. Under these
    circumstances, we conclude that Connelly has not stated a
    claim to relief that is plausible on its face.
    Connelly v. Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections, (3d Cir., No.
    17-1444, filed April 27, 2017) (“Connelly I”), slip op. at 1-2.3
    In his appellate brief, Connelly asserts that he has “not been duly
    convicted or sentenced. A sentence is not imposed until it is reduced to a written
    Judgment signed by the sentencing Judge . . . .” (Connelly’s reply brief at 4.)
    However, this issue was also disposed of by the Third Circuit:
    3
    Available at 
    2017 U.S. App. LEXIS 7419
    , at *2-3.
    6
    The sentencing order for count three of CP-51-CR-
    0304071-2002, which sentenced Connelly to ten to twenty
    years for kidnapping, is not signed. The sentencing order
    for the other count in CP-51-CR-0304071-2002, as well as
    the sentencing orders in all of the other cases, were signed
    by the judge. The omission does not deprive the document
    of legal effect.
    Connelly I, slip op. at 2 n.1; see also Boyd v. Department of Corrections, 
    831 A.2d 779
    , 783 n.6 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2003).
    Under the case law of the Third Circuit and Pennsylvania, the dismissal
    of an action for failure to state a claim is a final judgment on the merits for purposes
    of res judicata and collateral estoppel, Post v. Hartford Insurance Co., 
    501 F.3d 154
    ,
    169 (3d Cir. 2007); Brown v. Cooney, 
    442 A.2d 324
    , 326 (Pa. Super. 1982), and
    Pennsylvania state courts accord preclusive effect to federal court judgments. Bardo
    v. Department of Public Welfare, 
    397 A.2d 1305
    , 1307 n.2 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1979).
    Because Connelly had a full and fair opportunity to litigate the above issues in his
    federal civil rights action, the Third Circuit’s determination that valid sentencing
    orders exist in all of his cases are factual and legal issues that have been firmly
    resolved. As such, this Court will afford the Third Circuit’s resolution of these issues
    preclusive effect, see Day v. Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschfat, 
    464 A.2d 1313
    ,
    1318-19 (Pa. Super. 1983); Greenleaf v. Garlock, Inc., 
    174 F.3d 352
    , 357-61 (3d Cir.
    1999), or, in the alternative, will view the Third Circuit’s decision as probative
    evidence indicating that the sentencing orders do in fact exist.
    A hearing is not required where, as here, the petitioner’s allegations are
    refuted by the record and/or the law, or where the petition does not make out a prima
    facie case for allowing the writ. See Balsamo v. Mazurkiewicz, 
    611 A.2d 1250
    , 1253
    (Pa. Super. 1992); Commonwealth ex rel. Rogers v. Claudy, 
    90 A.2d 382
    , 383 (Pa.
    7
    Super. 1952). In light of the above, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its
    discretion in denying Connelly’s Petition without holding a hearing.
    Next, Connelly argues that the trial court was obligated to grant his
    Petition and release him from confinement because Gilmore failed to file a timely
    response under section 6504 of the Judicial Code, 42 Pa.C.S. §6504. Relatedly,
    Connelly contends that the trial court’s failure to do so constituted interference with a
    writ of habeas corpus in violation of section 6505 of the Judicial Code, 42 Pa.C.S.
    §6505.
    Section 6504 of the Judicial Code provides:
    The writ, or the order to show cause why the writ should
    not issue, shall be directed to the person having custody of
    the person detained. It shall be returned within three days
    unless for good cause additional time, not exceeding 20
    days, is allowed. The person to whom the writ or the order
    is directed shall make a return certifying the true cause of
    the detention and, except as otherwise prescribed by general
    rules or by rule or order of court, shall produce at the
    hearing the body of the person detained.
    42 Pa.C.S. §6504.
    Section 6505 of the Judicial Code provides, in relevant part:
    Any person who shall fail or refuse to respond to a writ or
    to an order under this chapter, or who shall change the place
    of detention of any person for the purpose of defeating the
    writ . . . or shall do any act for the purpose of defeating the
    writ or the order, commits a misdemeanor of the second
    degree.
    42 Pa.C.S. §6505.
    In the Petition, Connelly does not aver that the trial court issued a writ or
    an order to show cause to Gilmore and that Gilmore failed to respond to the writ or
    order. Rather, Connelly contends that Gilmore did not respond or file an answer to
    8
    the Petition. However, section 6504 of the Judicial Code does not direct “the person
    having custody of the person detained,” i.e., Gilmore, to respond to the petition for
    habeas itself. Id. To the contrary, under section 6502 of the Judicial Code, “any
    judge of a court of record may issue the writ of habeas corpus to inquire into the
    cause of detention for any person or for any other lawful purpose.” 42 Pa.C.S. §6502.
    Thereafter, “[t]he writ, if issued, directs the restraining authority to produce the
    person and state the ‘true cause of the detention.’” Chadwick v. Caulfield, 
    834 A.2d 562
    , 566 (Pa. Super. 2003) (quoting section 6504 of the Judicial Code, 42 Pa.C.S.
    §6504). According to the plain language of section 6504 of the Judicial Code, it is
    only after the trial court issues a writ, or ostensibly an order to show cause, that a
    defendant has to file a response justifying the detention.
    In its statutory form, habeas corpus is a “civil remedy,” Commonwealth
    v. McNeil, 
    665 A.2d 1247
    , 1249-50 (Pa. Super. 1995), and section 6504 of the
    Judicial Code is a statutory rule that is further supplemented by the rules of civil
    procedure. See Pa.R.C.P. No. 133 (suspending statutes that are inconsistent with the
    civil rules). Pursuant to the civil rules, absent a rule to show cause, Gilmore was not
    legally required to respond to the Petition. See Pa.R.C.P. No. 206.6(a) (stating that a
    rule to show cause “shall direct that an answer be filed to the petition.”). Further,
    even if the trial court issued Gilmore with a rule to show cause, any failure on his part
    to file a timely answer would not automatically mandate that the trial court accept the
    facts in the Petition as admitted and grant the Petition. See Pa.R.C.P. No. 206.7(a) &
    Note (stating that where there is a “failure to file or to timely file an answer,” the
    court may enter an “appropriate order,” but that order need not be “adverse” to the
    defendant).
    9
    Indeed, the trial court “may disregard any error or defect of procedure
    which does not affect the substantial rights of the parties.” Pa.R.C.P. No. 126.
    Following this rule, Pennsylvania courts have adopted a permissive view regarding
    the filing of untimely responsive pleadings, and the courts will disregard the
    untimeliness where the delay in filing does not prejudice the opposing party and
    especially when justice so requires it. See Peters Creek Sanitary Authority v. Welch,
    
    681 A.2d 167
    , 170 (Pa. 1996); Gale v. Mercy Catholic Medical Center, 
    698 A.2d 647
    , 650 (Pa. Super. 1997). Here, Connelly does not allege any prejudice as a result
    of Gilmore’s delay in filing an answer or response to the Petition.            Given that
    Connelly’s related class-action lawsuit was pending prior to filing the Petition, see
    Parnell v. Wetzel, (Pa. Cmwlth., No. 1737 C.D. 2014, filed July 24, 2015)
    (unreported), the instant action was stayed by the trial court pending resolution of that
    lawsuit, and Gilmore filed his motion to dismiss in the interim, we can discern no
    concrete prejudice inuring to Connelly. Neither can we discern any error in the trial
    court’s procedural treatment and disposition of the Petition.
    Finally, section 6505 of the Judicial Code is a criminal statute that makes
    it a misdemeanor of the second degree to interfere with a writ. 42 Pa.C.S. §6505.
    Even if this Court accepts, for the sake of the argument, Connelly’s rather dubious
    proposition that the trial court violated section 6505 in either failing to grant the
    Petition or issue a writ/rule to show cause, this statutory section does not create a civil
    cause of action, much less provide a textual basis upon which to grant the Petition
    and order Connelly’s release. Cf. Lindsay v. Thomas, 
    465 A.2d 122
    , 124-25 (Pa.
    Cmwlth. 1983) (declining to imply a remedy or cause of action into a statute where
    there was no provision evidencing the General Assembly’s intent to create a remedy
    or cause of action). Moreover, it is beyond cavil that Connelly lacks standing to
    10
    institute criminal proceedings against the trial court.    Despite the fact that an
    individual is a victim of a crime, the victim only acts as a prosecuting witness, and
    “the state, represented by the District Attorney, is the party plaintiff in a criminal
    prosecution.” Commonwealth v. Malloy, 
    450 A.2d 689
    , 693 (Pa. Super. 1982). As
    such, Connelly cannot criminally prosecute a trial court in these habeas corpus
    proceedings, and we conclude that his arguments are baseless.
    Conclusion
    Having determined that Connelly’s assertions of error are meritless, we
    affirm the trial court’s order dismissing his Petition.
    ________________________________
    PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge
    Judge Cosgrove concurs in result only.
    11
    IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
    Commonwealth Ex Rel.                  :
    Troy Connelly,                        :
    Appellant              :
    :    No. 1919 C.D. 2016
    v.                        :
    :
    Robert Gilmore, et al.                :
    ORDER
    AND NOW, this 25th day of August, 2017, the October 25, 2016 order
    of the Court of Common Pleas of Greene County is affirmed.
    ________________________________
    PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge