People of Michigan v. Renisha Renee London ( 2017 )

STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, UNPUBLISHED
August 15, 2017
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v No. 332586
Kalamazoo Circuit Court
RENISHA RENEE LONDON, LC No. 2015-001324-FH
Defendant-Appellant.
Before: HOEKSTRA, P.J., and MURPHY and K. F. KELLY, JJ.
PER CURIAM.
Defendant appeals as of right her conviction following a jury trial of assault with a
dangerous weapon (felonious assault), MCL 750.82, and possession of a firearm during the
commission of a felony (felony-firearm), MCL 750.227b. She was sentenced to time served
with respect to the felonious assault conviction and to two years’ imprisonment for the felony-
firearm conviction. We affirm.
Defendant assaulted the female victim with a handgun. The victim testified that in
September 2015, she and defendant had an argument that devolved into a physical confrontation.
According to the victim, defendant kept demanding that she give up her car keys. The victim
testified that at one point during the ongoing fight, she observed defendant holding a gun. The
victim claimed that the fight culminated in defendant directly threatening to shoot her with the
gun.
At the close of trial, the trial court instructed the jury on the elements of felonious assault
and the lesser misdemeanor offense of assault and battery. The court then instructed the jury on
the felony-firearm charge, specifying that felonious assault was the predicate felony. Consistent
with M Crim JI 11.34(3) and People v Lewis, 415 Mich. 443, 454-455; 330 NW2d 16 (1982), the
trial court instructed the jury that it was not necessary that defendant be convicted of felonious
assault in order to convict her of felony-firearm.
The trial court subsequently instructed the jury on how to use the verdict form. Pertinent
to this appeal, the court gave the following direction:
Now . . . there is one special aspect of this, if you check the guilty of a less
serious offense of assault and battery, then you can’t check felony firearm. You
either have to check the not guilty box and then you can find—you can still find
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guilty of felony firearm or guilty of assault with a dangerous weapon you can
check guilty of felony firearm, but if you find the less serious offense, you can’t
find guilty on the felony firearm.
Following the verdict, defendant moved for a new trial, arguing that the trial court erred
by instructing the jury that it could not convict defendant of felony-firearm if it convicted her of
misdemeanor assault and battery. The court denied the motion, reasoning as follows:
The [c]ourt indicated that if [the jury] checked the guilty of assault and
battery [box], then . . . essentially that it took the felony firearm off the table.
That’s incorrect, as cited by counsel. It would be correct in a bench trial, as
indicated by the case law provided by appellate counsel but it would be incorrect
with a jury who can make inconsistent findings . . . .
[I] think it does matter though that she got an instruction that was more
favorable than that to which she was entitled. Because of that, I cannot say that
the error . . . rise[s] to the level of a miscarriage of justice. . . .
On appeal, defendant argues that she should be granted a new trial because of the
instructional error. The prosecution goes straight to harmless-error analysis pursuant to MCL
769.26 and People v Lukity, 460 Mich. 484, 493-494; 596 NW2d 607 (1999).
Before the jury was instructed in regard to the use of the verdict form, the trial court
asked both attorneys if they had any “additions, deletions, or corrections to the jury instructions”
already given, to which both responded that they did not. The court repeated this inquiry
following its instructions on how to use the verdict form, and again both attorneys responded in
the negative. Thus, defendant waived review of the issue on appeal. People v Matuszak, 263
Mich. App. 42, 57; 687 NW2d 342 (2004). She does not bootstrap a claim of ineffective
assistance of counsel. 1
Moreover, even if the claim of error was properly preserved, reversal would not be
warranted under the circumstances of the case. MCL 769.26 provides that “[n]o judgment or
verdict shall be set aside or reversed or a new trial be granted . . . in any criminal case, on the
ground of misdirection of the jury, . . . unless . . . it shall affirmatively appear that the error
complained of has resulted in a miscarriage of justice.” Here, there was no miscarriage of
justice. Simply put, the instructional error favored or benefited defendant, taking felony-firearm
off the table had the jury convicted her of assault and battery. Indeed, a careful examination of
defendant’s appellate brief does not reveal any specific claim of prejudice, although lack of
prejudice formed the basis of the trial court’s ruling on the motion for new trial. There is no
logical argument to be made that the instructional error somehow could have resulted in the jury
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Contrary to defendant’s argument on appeal, she did not preserve the issue by arguing it in the
motion for new trial. And a waiver at trial is not eradicated by a post-trial claim of error in the
lower court.
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improperly finding defendant guilty of felonious assault or felony-firearm, for which crimes, we
note, there was more than sufficient supporting evidence.
Affirmed.
/s/ Joel P. Hoekstra
/s/ William B. Murphy
/s/ Kirsten Frank Kelly
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