State v. Blackwell , 65 Me. 556 ( 1876 )

Virgin, J.

Are imported foreign liquors liable to seizure and forfeiture under our statute while the importer retains possession thereof in the original package, but for the purpose and with the intent to break it and sell them in this state in quantities less than a package ?

The claimant contends that this question must be answered in the negative by reason of the federal statute allowing their importation, and article X, amendments of the IT. S. const.

But “the powers not delegated to the United States by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states” • • U. S. const., art. I, sect. 8, § 3. Among the delegated powers is that of “regulating commerce with foreign nations.” art. X, supra.

By virtue of these provisions, the federal authority (so far as it is essential in the consideration of the present case) ceases with the “regulation of commerce with foreign nations,” while at this point of termination of federal power, begins that of the state, which never having been surrendered it may exercise in any manner deemed conducive to the best interests of its citizens.

The precise point at which the federal authority ceases and that of the state begins, has been defined in general terms by the supreme court of the United States. By these decisions 'it is . declared that while a sale of the goods imported is the general object of importation, and the right of sale is an inseparable incident thereto, still this incidental right is limited to' a sale by the importer himself, and in the original package. And when by any .act of the importer the thing imported has become a component part of the general mass of, property in the state — as when the original package has been broken up for use or for retail by the importer, and also when the commodity has passed from his hands into the hands of a purchaser — it has then lost its distinctive character as an import and has become subject to the laws of the state. Brown v. Maryland, 12 Wheat., 419. License Cases, 5 How., 57!. To the same effect is Pierce v. State, 13 N. H., 536, 581, and State v. Robinson, 49 Maine, 285.

A sale in the original package only, being authorized by the federal statute, the breaking and selling in a less quantity is without that authority, and is within the prohibition of the state law; and a fixed intent that the package shall be broken and sold must place the liquors in the same category. It would hardly be considered reasonable that the federal law should protect property until an actual unauthorized sale were completed, when the intent to make such a sale is avowed. Such “aid and comfort” to violators of the internal regulations of a state is not within the spirit of the regulations of foreign commerce. Fisher v. McGirr, 1 Gray, 1, 26, 27.

We do not perceive any material difference in the two rulings made at nisi prius. The intent to break and sell is the same in each — a customer only being wanted in each. Whether a purchaser ever calls or not is immaterial — the intent to sell whenever an opportunity occurs being the material fact which works the forfeiture. Exceptions overruled.

Appleton, C. J., Dickerson, Daneorth, Peters and Libbey, JJ., concurred.