State of Tennessee v. Colin Reed Wells ( 2002 )


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  •          IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
    AT KNOXVILLE
    August 20, 2002 Session
    STATE OF TENNESSEE v. COLIN REED WELLS
    Appeal from the Criminal Court for Knox County
    No. 70048A     Mary Beth Leibowitz, Judge
    No. E2001-02612-CCA-R3-CD
    December 6, 2002
    The defendant, Colin Reed Wells, was convicted by a Knox County Criminal Court jury of
    carjacking (Class B felony), robbery (Class C felony), aggravated assault (Class C felony), resisting
    arrest (Class B misdemeanor), violation of driver’s license law (Class B misdemeanor), evading
    arrest (Class A misdemeanor), evading arrest (Class D felony), and assault (Class A misdemeanor).
    Following his convictions, the trial court merged some convictions and imposed an effective
    sentence of 32 years as a multiple offender in the Department of Correction. On appeal, he claims
    his carjacking conviction is infirm because the prosecution failed to disclose exculpatory evidence.
    Discerning no error, we affirm.
    Tenn. R. App. P. 3; Judgment of the Criminal Court is Affirmed.
    JAMES CURWOOD WITT , JR., J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which GARY R. WADE, P.J.,
    and ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER , J., joined.
    Richard Clark and Russell Greene, Knoxville, Tennessee, for the Appellant, Colin Reed Wells.
    Paul G. Summers, Attorney General & Reporter; Elizabeth B. Marney, Assistant Attorney General;
    Randall E. Nichols, District Attorney General; and Marsha Mitchell, Assistant District Attorney
    General, for the Appellee, State of Tennessee.
    OPINION
    The defendant’s convictions resulted from his actions on October 17, 1999. The
    state’s evidence showed that the female victim of the carjacking and robbery was sitting in her
    automobile in the parking lot of a supermarket on Clinton Highway in Knoxville. She was waiting
    for her male companion who was shopping in the store, and she sat in the driver’s seat and had her
    car engine idling. The defendant opened the passenger-side door, entered the vehicle, and ordered
    the victim to exit the car and to leave her purse on the seat. As she complied, she saw a female, who
    was the defendant’s sister and co-defendant, standing beside the driver’s door.
    The defendant drove away in the victim’s car, and at some point, police officers
    pursued the defendant. The assaultive and evading and resisting arrest offenses occurred during the
    chase and ultimate apprehension of the defendant. After the defendant was apprehended, the
    arresting officers handed over the defendant to Knoxville Police Officer J.D. Brown, who transported
    the defendant back to the supermarket for a show-up identification by the victim. Afterward, Officer
    Brown transported the defendant as well as the co-defendant to jail. During both trips when the
    defendant was confined in the rear compartment of Officer Brown’s cruiser, the cruiser’s video
    camera was operating and recording the defendant’s conversation in which he asserted that he had
    been involved in a drug transaction with the victim and her boyfriend.
    The prosecutor did not discover the existence of the videotape until a few days before
    trial. The defense reviewed the tape on Friday before the trial began on the following Wednesday.
    The defendant believed that the recorded conversation supported the defendant’s claim at trial that,
    although he took the victim’s car, he did not do so by carjacking.
    The state moved the court to exclude the videotape from evidence. Initially, because
    the trial court determined that the content of the tape was hearsay and self-served the defendant, it
    sustained the motion to exclude the tape from evidence. However, during the defendant’s case-in-
    chief, the trial judge relented and allowed the defendant and the co-defendant to introduce pertinent
    portions of the videotape. Thus, neither the exclusion nor the somewhat belated disclosure of the
    tape is an issue on appeal; rather, the defendant is aggrieved that the state obstructed him in his bid
    to locate and interview Officer Brown.
    Prior to trial, the defendant had moved to discover any written or recorded statements
    of the defendant, “a list of the names and current addresses of all witnesses who the state intends to
    call to testify,” statements of witnesses who are not to be called to testify, and any exculpatory
    evidence, including “the names and addresses of any witness whom the State believes would give
    testimony favorable to the defendant . . . regardless whether the State intends to call the witness.”
    After trial, the defendant’s counsel asserted in an affidavit filed with the motion for
    new trial that during the trial, he asked the prosecutor where he could find Officer Brown, who as
    of the time of trial, was no longer employed in the police department. Counsel’s affidavit further
    asserts that the prosecutor replied “that she did not know where [Brown] was, that she assumed he
    was still at the police department.” The defendant also appended to his new trial motion the
    affidavits of Knox County Sheriff’s Department officers who, during the defendant’s trial, discussed
    Brown’s whereabouts with the prosecutor. She told them that she had been unable to locate Brown.
    The defendant also presented the affidavit of Brown himself, who averred that on the eve of the
    defendant’s trial, the prosecutor called him at the Jefferson City Walmart, where he was employed
    as an assistant manager. Brown further averred that he told the prosecutor that his entire encounter
    with the defendant on October 17, 1999 was recorded on the videotape and that “it had been some
    time since the events took place and that she should rely on the videotape.” Brown averred that he
    had declined to answer the prosecutor’s questions in the absence of an opportunity to review the
    tape.
    -2-
    In his motion for new trial, the defendant claimed that Brown would have
    corroborated the defendant’s trial testimony that the defendant’s possession of the victim’s car was
    the result of a “drug deal gone bad” and not a carjacking. The trial court overruled the motion for
    new trial, finding that the state was not required to supply addresses of witnesses and that, in any
    event, former officer Brown said in his affidavit that he “told her to rely on the videotape.” The trial
    court found that the “tape came [in] so I’m not sure there’s been any major prejudice to [the
    defendant].” The trial judge commented, “I’m not sure that what we have here was exculpatory
    evidence, and even if it was, it came in anyway [through the videotape and through the defendant’s
    testimony].” Furthermore, the trial court relied upon the defendant’s failure to move for a
    continuance when counsel was unable to locate Officer Brown. The court correctly recalled that,
    after the defendant had reviewed the videotape and after the court’s initial ruling on the state’s
    motion in limine, the defendant announced that he was ready to proceed to trial.
    On appeal, the defendant claims that the prosecutor violated her obligations set forth
    in Brady v Maryland, 
    373 U.S. 83
    , 
    83 S. Ct. 1194
     (1963), by failing to disclose to the defense the
    address or whereabouts of J.D. Brown. The defendant argues in his brief that Brown could have
    corroborated that the defendant asserted facts during the defendant’s conversation in Brown’s police
    cruiser that would have contradicted the theory of carjacking. The defendant also claims that Brown
    could have affirmed that the defendant was the only one who would have known “certain facts” and
    that “[t]here was not enough time for the Defendant to fabricate and/or know certain facts had they
    not occurred as defense counsel’s theory supposed.”
    In Brady, the United States Supreme Court held that the prosecution has the duty to
    furnish exculpatory evidence to the accused upon request. “Any suppression by the prosecution of
    evidence favorable to an accused upon request violates due process where the evidence is material
    either to guilt or to punishment, irrespective of the good faith or bad faith of the prosecution.” 
    Id. at 87
    , 
    83 S. Ct. at 1196-97
    . The duty to disclose extends to all “favorable information” regardless
    whether the evidence is admissible at trial. State v. Marshall, 
    845 S.W.2d 228
    , 232-33 (Tenn. Crim.
    App. 1992). Both exculpatory and impeachment evidence fall under the Brady rule. United States
    v. Bagley, 
    473 U.S. 667
    , 676, 
    105 S. Ct. 3375
    , 3380 (1985).
    Before an accused is entitled to relief via Brady, he must establish several
    prerequisites: (a) the prosecution must have suppressed the evidence; (b) the evidence suppressed
    must have been favorable to the accused; and (c) the evidence must have been material. See 
    id. at 674-75
    , 
    105 S. Ct. at 3379-80
    ; Brady, 
    373 U.S. at 87
    , 
    83 S. Ct. at 1196-97
    ; Marshall, 
    845 S.W.2d at 232
    . Evidence is material under the Brady rule only if there is a reasonable probability that had
    the evidence been disclosed to the defense, the results of the proceeding would have been different.
    Kyles v. Whitley, 
    514 U.S. 419
    , 433, 
    115 S. Ct. 1555
    , 1556 (1995). In State v. Spurlock, 
    874 S.W.2d 602
     (Tenn. Crim. App. 1993), this court recognized a fourth prerequisite to relief, that “the accused
    must make a proper request for the production of the evidence, unless the evidence, when viewed
    by the prosecution, is obviously exculpatory in nature and will be helpful to the accused.” 
    Id. at 609
    .
    The defendant bears the burden of proving a Brady violation by a preponderance of the evidence.
    -3-
    
    Id. at 610
    ; State v. Joan Elizabeth Hall, No. 01C01-9710-CC-00503, slip op. at 19 (Tenn. Crim.
    App., Nashville, Jan. 28, 1999).
    Applying these principles, we hold that, although the defendant requested
    J.D.Brown’s address or whereabouts, the defendant has failed to establish by a preponderance of the
    evidence that due process principles, via Brady, compelled disclosure of Brown’s address or
    whereabouts. The trial judge did not believe that the prosecutor suppressed this information, but
    even if she had determined that the state suppressed the information, the record is devoid of any
    showing that the information was material. Indeed, Mr. Brown’s affidavit, advanced by the
    defendant, reveals that the affiant recalled nothing about the October 17, 1999 encounter with the
    defendant other than what was revealed on the videotape. Although the tape contains self-serving
    statements of the defendant, there has been no showing that Mr. Brown could have imparted
    additional information that would have been favorable to the defendant or that probably could have
    produced a different result. Thus, the trial court did not err in overruling the Brady claim presented
    in the defendant’s motion for new trial.
    Having addressed the issue raised on appeal, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
    ____________________________________
    JAMES CURWOOD WITT, JR., JUDGE
    -4-
    

Document Info

Docket Number: E2001-02612-CCA-R3-CD

Judges: Judge J. Curwood Witt, Jr.

Filed Date: 12/6/2002

Precedential Status: Precedential

Modified Date: 10/30/2014