Com. v. Rothwell, A. ( 2017 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
ANTHONY DANTE ROTHWELL,
Appellant No. 94 EDA 2016
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence December 4, 2015
in the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County
Criminal Division at No.: CP-46-CR-0001691-2014
BEFORE: BOWES, J., SOLANO, J., and PLATT, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY PLATT, J.: FILED MAY 26, 2017
Appellant, Anthony Dante Rothwell, appeals from the judgment of
sentence imposed following his jury conviction of criminal attempt-
aggravated indecent assault, indecent assault without consent, and indecent
assault-forcible compulsion.1 We affirm.
We take the following from our independent review of the certified
record and the trial court’s March 21, 2016 opinion. On October 2, 2014,
the Complainant was working at the Salvation Army in Norristown,
Montgomery County, in her position as an administrative assistant.
Appellant was at the Salvation Army performing repair work on behalf of his
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*
Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1
18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 901(a), 3126(a)(1), and 3126(a)(2), respectively.
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employer, Duling Construction. Appellant approached the Complainant in
her office, under the guise of seeking rental assistance for his girlfriend,
closed the office door, and cornered her so that she was unable to leave.
During the encounter, Appellant exposed his erect penis, grabbed at the
Complainant’s breasts and buttocks, and digitally penetrated her vagina
through her clothing.
While in the office, Appellant observed a post-it note with the
Complainant’s recently obtained cell phone number on it. The Complainant
did not respond when he asked her if it was her number. Ultimately,
Appellant left the office. The next day, the Complainant reported the
incident to the police at the urging of her friend, P.P.
On February 6, 2015, the jury convicted Appellant of the previously
mentioned charges. On December 4, 2015, the trial court sentenced
Appellant to a term of incarceration of not less than seven nor more than
fifteen years. Appellant timely appealed.2
Appellant raises two questions for this Court’s review:
1. Did the court err in allowing into evidence hearsay
testimony from a Commonwealth witness who identified the
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2
On January 4, 2016, the trial court ordered Appellant to file a concise
statement of errors complained of on appeal. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). Trial
counsel failed to file the ordered Rule 1925(b) statement. On February 29,
2016, this Court granted appellate counsel’s motion to remand to allow him
the opportunity to file a statement on Appellant’s behalf. Appellate counsel
filed a timely Rule 1925(b) statement on March 2, 2016. The trial court filed
an opinion on March 21, 2016. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a).
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Appellant, through a text message, without any foundation other
than information received from the Complainant[?]
2. Did the court err in allowing Detective [James] Angelucci
to testify with regard to unauthenticated employment records
pursuant to rules governing self[-]authentication Pa.R.E.
902(11) to prove the origin of the text messages where the
Commonwealth failed to give the Appellant reasonable written
notice of the intent to offer the record and thereafter failed to
make the certification available for inspection[?]
(Appellant’s Brief, at 7) (unnecessary capitalization omitted).
Our standard of review for Appellant’s claims regarding the
admissibility of evidence is well-settled:
The admission of evidence is solely within the discretion of
the trial court, and a trial court’s evidentiary rulings will be
reversed on appeal only upon an abuse of that discretion. An
abuse of discretion will not be found based on a mere error of
judgment, but rather occurs where the court has reached a
conclusion that overrides or misapplies the law, or where the
judgment exercised is manifestly unreasonable, or the result of
partiality, prejudice, bias or ill-will.
Commonwealth v. Witmayer, 144 A.3d 939, 949 (Pa. Super. 2016)
(citation omitted).
Here, in his first issue, Appellant claims that the trial court erred in
permitting the Commonwealth “to introduce the objectionable hearsay”
through the allegedly speculative testimony of P.P. (Appellant’s Brief, at
11). Specifically, Appellant argues, “the witness, without any basis or
knowledge of who actually wrote the text makes this identification of the
[A]ppellant a reality.” (Id. at 13). This issue lacks merit.
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Pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Evidence 602, “[a] witness may
testify to a matter only if evidence is introduced sufficient to support a
finding that the witness has personal knowledge of the matter. Evidence to
prove personal knowledge may consist of the witness’s own testimony.”
Pa.R.E. 602. Also, it has long been the law in this Commonwealth that
“[h]earsay is a statement, other than one made by the declarant while
testifying at the trial or hearing, offered in evidence to prove the truth of the
matter asserted.” Commonwealth v. McCrae, 832 A.2d 1026, 1034 (Pa.
2003), cert. denied, 543 U.S. 822 (2004) (citing Pa.R.E. 801(c)).
“Communications that are not assertions are not hearsay. These would
include questions[.]” Pa.R.E. 801, Comment. In addition, “out-of-court
statements may be admissible because they are non-hearsay, in which case
they are admissible for some relevant purpose other than to prove the truth
of the matter asserted.” Commonwealth v. Washington, 63 A.3d 797,
805 (Pa. Super. 2013) (citations omitted).
In this case, Appellant challenges the following exchange:
[Witness]: All right. [Complainant’s] phone was beeping and I
recognized it was beeping. I told her, I said, “You’re getting
messages on that phone.” So she looked at it and . . . I said,
“Give it here, because you don’t even know how to work it.” I
start opening it up and I was reading it, and I’m like, “Who is
this?” I said, “The boy got your number? How he get your
number?”
[Defense counsel]: Objection; speculation.
THE COURT: The objection is overruled.
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[The Commonwealth]: You can continue.
[Witness]: So I said, “Let me save all this, because we’re going
to give this to the cops too, because this is like proof something
happened to you,” you know what I mean.
[Defense counsel]: Objection; speculation.
THE COURT: Sustained.
(N.T. Trial, 2/05/15, at 121-22); (see also Appellant’s Brief, at 11-12).
After our independent review, we agree with the trial court’s finding
that P.P.’s testimony was not speculative because she was recounting her
own interaction with the Complainant at the time she read the text
messages. (See Trial Court Opinion, 3/21/16, at 14); see also Pa.R.E. 602.
Moreover, P.P.’s testimony about what she asked the Complainant could
not have been hearsay, by definition, because it was a question and she was
the inquirer. See McCrae, supra at 1034; Pa.R.E. 801(c); Pa.R.E. 801,
Comment. Additionally, the testimony was introduced, not for the truth of
the matter asserted, but to assist in creating a complete story about why the
police officers took their investigation into the direction that they did. See
Washington, supra at 805. Finally, to the extent that Appellant argues
that P.P.’s testimony resulted in the admission of hearsay text messages,
the argument fails because P.P. did not even testify about their contents.
(See Appellant’s Brief, at 13) (“[A] strong argument is made that the text
messages in the instant appeal are hearsay.”); see also McCrae, supra at
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1034.3 For all of these reasons, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in
admitting P.P.’s testimony. See Witmayer, supra at 949. Appellant’s first
issue lacks merit.
In his second issue, Appellant maintains that the trial court erred in
permitting Detective Angelucci to testify about his employment records
where the requirements of Pennsylvania Rule of Evidence 902(11) were not
met.4 (See Appellant’s Brief, at 15-16). Specifically, he claims that “the
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3
Appellant’s reliance on Commonwealth v. Koch, 106 A.3d 705 (Pa.
2014), for the proposition that the text messages constituted hearsay, is
misplaced. (See Appellant’s Brief, at 12-14). First, Koch is not binding on
this case because it is a plurality decision. See Commonwealth v. Mosley,
114 A.3d 1072, 1082 n.11 (Pa. Super. 2015), appeal denied, 2017 WL
529978 (Pa. filed Feb. 9, 2017) (“When a judgment of sentence is affirmed
by an equally divided court, as in the Koch case, no precedent is established
and the holding is not binding on other cases.”) (citation omitted).
Moreover, Koch does not support Appellant’s argument where P.P. did
not testify about the text of the messages. In Koch, the Justices divided
evenly on whether the messages were hearsay. Those who concluded that
they were not hearsay did so on the basis that they were not offered for the
truth of the matter asserted. See Koch, supra at 722. The Justices who
concluded that they were hearsay did so on the theory that “the messages
were out-of-court statements that were relevant, and indeed proferred, for a
purpose that depended upon the truth of their contents[.]” Id. at 717.
Here, the objected-to testimony did not reference the messages’ contents,
and they were not proffered for the truth of the matter asserted. Therefore,
not only are we not bound by the holding of Koch, the case is
distinguishable.
4
Pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Evidence 902(11):
Certified Domestic Records of a Regularly Conducted
Activity. The original or a copy of a domestic record that meets
the requirements of Rule 803(6)(A)-(C), as shown by a
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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Commonwealth failed to give [him] reasonable written notice of the intent to
offer the record and thereafter failed to make the record and certification
available for inspection[.]” (Id. at 15) (unnecessary capitalization omitted).
This issue is waived.
It is well-settled that:
[I]n order to preserve their claims for appellate review,
[a]ppellants must comply whenever the trial court orders them
to file a Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal pursuant
to Pa.R.A.P. 1925. Any issues not raised in a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)
statement will be deemed waived. . . . [T]he intermediate
appellate courts do not have the discretion to countenance
deviations from the Rule’s requirements[.] . . .
Commonwealth v. Hill, 16 A.3d 484, 492 (Pa. 2011) (citations and
quotation marks omitted).
Here, Appellant’s Rule 1925(b) statement does not raise any issue
about Pennsylvania Rule of Evidence 902(11) or the Commonwealth’s
alleged failure to give him notice or the opportunity to inspect the
employment records and certification. (See Appellant’s Concise Statement,
3/02/16, at unnumbered page 2 ¶ 3). Instead, the statement merely
asserts that “[t]he trial court erred in accepting the testimony of a police
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(Footnote Continued)
certification of the custodian or another qualified person that
complies with Pa.R.C.P. No. 76. Before the trial or hearing, the
proponent must give an adverse party reasonable written notice
of the intent to offer the record─and must make the record and
certification available for inspection─so that the party has a fair
opportunity to challenge them.
Pa.R.E. 902(11).
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office [sic] as to alleged unauthenticated employment records as proof that
[A]ppellant sent a text message to the [C]omplainant.” (Id.). Therefore,
Appellant’s issue is waived.
We are cognizant that “[e]ach error identified in the Statement will be
deemed to include every subsidiary issue contained therein which was
raised in the trial court[.]” Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(v) (emphasis added).
However, even if we were to interpret the issue in Appellant’s brief as
somehow falling within the purview of the claim he raised in his Rule
1925(b) statement, our review confirms the Commonwealth’s observation
that Appellant failed to raise this allegation in the trial court. (See
Commonwealth’s Brief, at 12; see also N.T. Trial, 2/05/15, at 129-31).
Therefore, we deem Appellant’s second issue waived for our review. See
Hill, supra at 492.5
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
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5
We also observe that, in contravention of Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate
Procedure 2119, Appellant fails to provide pertinent law or discussion of this
issue, or any citation to the certified record. (See Appellant’s Brief, at 15-
16); see also Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a)-(c), (e). Instead, he quotes Pennsylvania
Rule of Evidence 902(11) and concludes that the Commonwealth violated it,
and that, therefore, the trial court erred in admitting the evidence. (See
Appellant’s Brief, at 15-16). This does not satisfy Appellant’s burden, and
hence, we deem his second issue waived on this basis, as well. See
Commonwealth v. Murchinson, 899 A.2d 1159, 1162 (Pa. Super. 2006)
(finding claim waived where appellant provided only boilerplate law and
conclusion); see also Pa.R.A.P. 2101, 2119(a)-(c), (e).
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 5/26/2017
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