Com. v. Johnson, S. ( 2022 )

J-S01039-22
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
SAMAIR TYLER JOHNSON :
:
Appellant : No. 353 MDA 2021
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered November 12, 2020
In the Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-40-CR-0000024-2020
BEFORE: BOWES, J., NICHOLS, J., and COLINS, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY COLINS, J.: FILED: JULY 27, 2022
Samair Tyler Johnson (Appellant) appeals from the judgments of
sentence imposed following the entry of his guilty plea to driving under the
influence of alcohol – highest rate of alcohol, third offense (“DUI”), and driving
under the influence while operating privilege is suspended or revoked
(“DUS”).1 His counsel has filed an application to withdraw from representation
and a brief pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967), and
Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349 (Pa. 2009). Upon careful
review, we deny counsel’s application to withdraw, vacate the judgments of
sentence, and remand for resentencing.
____________________________________________
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1 75 Pa.C.S. §§ 3802(c) and 1543(b)(1.1)(i), respectively.
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On October 4, 2019, the police arrested Appellant for driving a motor
vehicle while under the influence of alcohol in the area of North Washington
Street and North Wilkes-Barre Boulevard in the city of Wilkes-Barre. N.T.
9/14/20, 5. Within two hours of driving at that time, he provided a blood
alcohol content test result of .266%. Id. His driver’s license was also
suspended at that time for two prior DUI convictions. Id.
On September 14, 2020, Appellant entered a guilty plea to the above-
referenced DUI and DUS offenses. In exchange for his plea, the
Commonwealth withdrew a charge of driving under the influence – general
impairment, third offense.2 N.T. 9/14/20, 3; Bills of Information, 2/18/20, 1.
No agreement was reached with respect to a sentencing recommendation. At
Appellant’s request, the court ordered a pre-sentence investigation report.
N.T. 9/14/20, 6. On November 12, 2020, the court imposed a standard-range
term of twelve to twenty-four months of imprisonment for DUI, and a
mandatory minimum term of ninety days of imprisonment for DUS.3 N.T.
11/12/20, 5-6.
____________________________________________
2 75 Pa.C.S. § 3802(a)(1).
3 Appellant had a prior record score of five. N.T. 11/12/20, 4. Accordingly,
the Sentencing Guidelines recommended a minimum DUI sentence of twelve
to eighteen months of imprisonment, plus or minus three months for
aggravating or mitigating circumstances. 204 Pa. Code § 303.15 (7th ed.,
amend. 4; offense listing, indicating an offense gravity score of five for DUI –
highest rate of alcohol, third offense); 204 Pa. Code § 303.16(a) (7th ed.,
amend. 4; basic sentencing matrix).
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Appellant filed a timely post-sentence motion, requesting a reduction of
his sentence and a withdrawal of his plea based on correspondence that he
sent to his counsel prior to sentencing but that counsel had not reviewed until
the date of the sentencing hearing.4 Post-Sentence Motion, 11/18/20, ¶¶ 5,
7-11. The court denied the motion on February 17, 2021. Order, 2/17/21, 1.
Appellant timely filed this appeal with the assistance of counsel. Notice of
Appeal, 3/17/21, 1.
Appellant timely filed a statement of issues presented on appeal within
twenty-one days of the plea court issuing an order pursuant to Pa.R.A.P.
1925(b). Following the filing of the Rule 1925(b) statement, Appellant’s
counsel from the Luzerne County Public Defender’s Office sought and received
leave of court to withdraw from representation, and present counsel was
appointed. The court ordered present counsel to file a Rule 1925(b)
____________________________________________
4 Appellant alleged the following in his correspondence to counsel:
As of today’s date, I have not received any discovery paper’s [sic],
nor have I received, and/or went over what’s my gravity score or
anything. You mention [sic] at my last hearing, I have the
right/option to withdraw my plea. I strongly feel relutant [sic] @
this time with going forward without the proper due dilligence
[sic].
Beside’s [sic] all that’s going on, i.e. pandemic; my personal
situation @ home, finances etc[.,] my biggest concern is my
daughter. She is having some issues being away from her peer’s
[sic] @ school and now this upcoming event with her Dad (me).
I have to proceed wisely. Her well being [sic] is my main concern.
Pro Se Correspondence to Counsel, dated on 11/6/20 and stamped as received
on 11/10/20, attached to Post-Sentence Motion, 11/18/20.
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statement, and later informed this Court by correspondence that present
counsel intended to rely on the previously-filed Rule 1925(b) statement.
Order, 6/1/20, 1; Correspondence to Superior Court, Lupas, J., 6/28/21, 1.
On appeal, Appellant’s counsel has filed an Anders brief, addressing the
denial of the post-sentence motion seeking reconsideration of Appellant’s
sentence and the withdrawal of his plea. Anders Brief at 6-8. Counsel has
also filed a petition to withdraw from representation, asserting that, “upon
review of the record, counsel concludes that this appeal is wholly frivolous and
that no meritorious issues exist.” Petition to Withdraw as Counsel, 10/4/21,
¶ 3. In the petition, and in a cover letter reflecting service of the brief and
the petition to Appellant, counsel informed Appellant of his rights to proceed
pro se or with newly-retained counsel and to file his own brief for this appeal.
Id. at ¶ 4; Correspondence to Appellant, 10/4/21, attached to Petition to
Withdraw as Counsel, 10/4/21. Our review of the docket for this appeal does
not reveal any subsequent response filed by Appellant.
Prior to addressing any issues raised on appeal, we must first resolve
counsel’s petition to withdraw. Commonwealth v. Goodwin, 928 A.2d 287,
290 (Pa. Super. 2007) (en banc). There are procedural and briefing
requirements imposed upon an attorney who seeks to withdraw on appeal
pursuant to which counsel must:
1) petition the court for leave to withdraw stating that, after
making a conscientious examination of the record, counsel has
determined that the appeal would be frivolous; 2) furnish a copy
of the brief to the defendant; and 3) advise the defendant that he
or she has the right to retain private counsel or raise additional
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arguments that the defendant deems worthy of the court’s
attention.
Commonwealth v. Cartrette, 83 A.3d 1030, 1032 (Pa. Super. 2013) (en
banc) (citation omitted). In addition, our Supreme Court in Santiago stated
that an Anders brief must:
(1) provide a summary of the procedural history and facts, with
citations to the record; (2) refer to anything in the record that
counsel believes arguably supports the appeal; (3) sets forth
counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is frivolous; and (4) state
counsel’s reasons for concluding that the appeal is frivolous.
Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361.
Counsel must also provide the appellant with a copy of the Anders
brief, together with a letter that advises the appellant of his or her
right to (1) retain new counsel to pursue the appeal; (2) proceed
pro se on appeal; or (3) raise any points that the appellant deems
worthy of the court’s attention in addition to the points raised by
counsel in the Anders brief.
Commonwealth v. Redmond, --- A.3d ----, 2022 WL 1179752, *3 (Pa.
Super., filed Apr. 21, 2022) (citation and quotation marks omitted).
“Substantial compliance with the Anders requirements is sufficient.”
Redmond, --- A.3d ----, 2022 WL 1179752, at *3 (citation omitted).
Here, we conclude that counsel substantially complied with the
requirements for withdrawal under Anders. Counsel filed an Anders brief
and a petition to withdraw. The brief includes the essential components
required by Santiago and the withdrawal petition and its accompanying cover
letter adheres to the requirements in Cartrette. Counsel concludes that the
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proposed issues concerning the denial of the post-sentence motion would not
raise any non-frivolous claims because Appellant received a standard-range
sentence for DUI and the record fails to support any claim that Appellant
entered an involuntary plea. Anders Brief, 6-8. Accordingly, counsel asserts
that the Appellant could not demonstrate a substantial question permitting
appellate review of a discretionary sentencing claim and cannot demonstrate
an abuse of discretion with respect to either of the proposed claims. Id. The
lower court evaluates the proposed claims in its opinion and reaches the same
conclusions. Trial Court Opinion, 7/20/21, 4-7. We adopt the well-reasoned
analysis of the trial court as our own concerning the lack of merit concerning
the claims addressed by the Anders brief.
Despite counsel’s substantial adherence to the requirements for
withdrawal, we are unable to affirm the judgments of sentence or grant
counsel’s withdrawal petition because a non-waivable claim of arguable merit
is apparent from our review of the record. Anders requires this Court,
following a determination on counsel’s satisfaction of the withdrawal
requirements, to proceed with “a full examination of all the proceedings, to
decide whether the case is wholly frivolous.” Commonwealth v. Yorgey,
188 A.3d 1190, 1196 (Pa. Super. 2018) (en banc), citing Anders, 386 U.S.
at 744. “[T]he Anders procedure applies only to appeals that are wholly
frivolous—that is, cases where counsel has determined that there are no
arguments that counsel may advance because all issues lack basis in law
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and/or fact.” Commonwealth v. Morrison, 173 A.3d 286, 291 (Pa. Super.
2017) (citation omitted; emphasis in original).
Because Appellant entered a guilty plea which was not contingent upon
the imposition of a particular sentence, his claims on direct review were limited
to challenges to the trial court’s jurisdiction, the validity of the guilty plea, the
discretionary aspects of the sentence, and the legality of the sentence. See
Commonwealth v. DiClaudio, 210 A.3d 1070, 1074 n.5 (Pa. Super. 2019)
(“Because Appellant entered an open guilty plea as to the sentence imposed,
he is not precluded from appealing the discretionary aspects of his
sentence.”); Morrison, 173 A.2d at 290 (“Generally, a plea of guilty amounts
to a waiver of all defects and defenses except those concerning the jurisdiction
of the court, the legality of the sentence, and the validity of the guilty plea.”)
(citation omitted). “Legality of sentence questions are not waivable and may
be raised sua sponte by this Court.” Commonwealth v. Watley, 81 A.3d
108, 118 (Pa. Super. 2013) (en banc); see also Commonwealth v.
Borovichka, 18 A.3d 1242, 1254 n.8 (Pa. Super. 2011) (stating, “[a]
challenge to the legality of a sentence … may be entertained as long as the
reviewing court has jurisdiction.”).
This Court has stated:
Issues relating to the legality of a sentence are questions of law.
When the legality of a sentence is at issue, our standard of review
over such questions is de novo and our scope of review is plenary.
If no statutory authorization exists for a particular sentence, that
sentence is illegal and subject to correction. An illegal sentence
must be vacated.
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Commonwealth v. Ramos, 197 A.3d 766, 768-69 (Pa. Super. 2018)
(internal citations, quotations, and ellipses omitted).
Appellant was convicted of DUS under 75 Pa.C.S. § 1543(b)(1.1)(i).
Bills of Information, 2/18/20; Order, 9/14/20, 1 (acknowledging the court’s
acceptance of Appellant’s plea including the charge under “1543B1.11”).
Section 1543(b)(1.1)(i) provided that a person convicted under that section
“shall, upon first conviction, be guilty of a summary offense and shall be
sentenced to pay a fine of $1,000 and to undergo imprisonment for a period
of not less than 90 days.” Id. § 1543(b)(1.1)(i) (emphasis added).
Following the entry of Appellant’s plea and the imposition of his
sentence, and before the filing of counsel’s Anders brief, our Supreme Court
struck down Section 1543(b)(1.1)(i) as “unconstitutionally vague and
inoperable,” holding that the language “not less than 90 days” did not provide
for a maximum term of incarceration. Commonwealth v. Eid, 249 A.3d
1030, 1044 (Pa. 2021). The Court upheld the defendant’s DUS conviction and
the imposition of a $1,000.00 fine but vacated the incarceration portion of his
sentence for that offense. Id. The Eid Court reasoned that it refused to infer
a maximum sentence because doing so would have forced it to “engage in
sheer speculation as to which sentence the General Assembly intended.” Id.
at 1043.
A claim challenging whether a sentencing statute is unconstitutionally
vague is an illegal sentence claim. See Commonwealth v. Moore, 247 A.3d
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990, 991 (Pa. 2021). Because Appellant could not waive a legality of sentence
claim, and this Court is properly vested with jurisdiction due to the timely filing
of Appellant’s notice of appeal, we must sua sponte hold that Appellant’s
ninety-day DUS sentence has been rendered illegal by Eid and vacate that
judgment of sentence. See Commonwealth v. Jackson, 271 A.3d 1286,
1288 (Pa. Super. 2022) (vacating a ninety-day imprisonment sentence for a
driving while operating privilege suspended or revoked conviction under 75
Pa.C.S. § 1543(b)(1)(ii) because that subsection used the identical “not less
than 90 days” language that was found in 75 Pa.C.S. § 1543(b)(1.1)(i) and
addressed in Eid); see also Moore, 247 A.3d at 997 (“A sentencing court
does not have authority to sentence a defendant pursuant to an
unconstitutionally vague sentencing statute.”) (citation omitted).
If we were able to vacate the DUS imprisonment term without disturbing
the overall sentencing scheme, then we would not need to remand for further
proceedings. See Commonwealth v. Thur, 906 A.2d 552, 569-70 (Pa.
Super. 2006) (explaining that “if our decision does not alter the overall
scheme,” we need not fully vacate a sentence). In this instance, however, we
are unable to make a determination as to a disturbance with the overall
sentencing scheme because the record is silent as to whether the DUI and
DUS sentences were designated to run concurrently or consecutively, contrary
to Pa.R.Crim.P. 705(B) (“When more than one sentence is imposed at the
same time on a defendant … the judge shall state whether the sentences shall
run concurrently or consecutive.”). N.T. 11/12/20, 6 (imposition of terms of
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sentence); Order, 11/12/20, 1 (sentencing order). Out of an abundance of
caution, we vacate both judgments of sentence and remand for resentencing.
See Commonwealth v. Vanderlin, 580 A.2d 820, 831 (Pa. Super. 1990)
(referring a to prior holding that “if a trial court errs in its sentence for one
count in a multi-count case, then all sentences for all counts will be vacated
so that the court can re-structure its entire sentencing scheme”) (citation
omitted).
Application to withdraw as counsel denied. Judgments of sentence for
DUI and DUS vacated. Case remanded for resentencing. Jurisdiction
relinquished.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 07/27/2022
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