United States v. Khoshravan , 52 F. App'x 88 ( 2002 )

F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS OCT 24 2002
TENTH CIRCUIT PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff - Appellee,
No. 01-6293
v. D.C. No. 01-CR-4-M
(W. D. Oklahoma)
FARIBORS KHOSHRAVAN,
Defendant - Appellant.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before SEYMOUR, EBEL and HENRY, Circuit Judges.
Faribors Khoshravan pled guilty to one count of mail fraud in violation of
18 U.S.C. § 1341 pursuant to a plea agreement in which he waived his right to
appeal his conviction or sentence. Nevertheless, Mr. Khoshravan brings this
appeal and challenges his sentence. We dismiss the appeal.
Mr. Khoshravan was indicted on twenty-six counts of mail fraud for
submitting a number of false student loan applications from which he received
*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
several substantial loan checks. He entered into a plea agreement which included
terms requiring him to waive both his right to appeal and his right to collaterally
challenge the sentence imposed by the district court. The district court
subsequently sentenced Mr. Khoshravan to twenty-one months in prison.
Despite the terms of his plea agreement, and without moving to withdraw
his guilty plea, Mr. Khoshravan asserts the district court erred in determining his
sentence. The government contends we lack jurisdiction to hear Mr.
Khoshravan’s claims because he waived his appeal rights. “If Defendant’s waiver
is effective, we would certainly overreach our jurisdiction to entertain this appeal
when the plea agreement deprived Defendant of the right to appeal. We do,
however, have jurisdiction to determine our jurisdiction.” United States v. Rubio,
231 F.3d 709, 711 (10th Cir. 2000) (internal citations omitted). Mr. Khoshravan
“must show why we should not enforce the waiver provision of the plea
agreement,” id., before we can consider addressing the merits of his appeal.
“[I]t is well established that a defendant’s waiver of the statutory right to
direct appeal contained in a plea agreement is enforceable if the defendant has
agreed to its terms knowingly and voluntarily.” United States v. Cockerham, 237
F.3d 1179, 1181 (10th Cir. 2001). However, the enforceability of a plea
agreement waiver is “subject to certain exceptions, including where the agreement
was involuntary or unknowing.” Id. at 1182. Moreover, “a waiver may not be
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used . . . to deny review of a claim that the agreement was entered into with
ineffective assistance of counsel.” Id. (citing United States v. Black, 201 F.3d
1296, 1301 (10th Cir. 2000)). Mr. Khoshravan relies on this last exception to
support his appeal.
When a defendant attempts to override his waiver of appeal rights with an
ineffective assistance of counsel claim, he must show the “ineffective assistance
tainted the voluntariness of the plea or the waiver agreement itself.” Id. at 1184
(citations omitted). We thus examine whether the defendant can “establish that
the waiver was not knowingly or voluntarily made, and/or [] demonstrate
ineffective assistance of counsel with respect to the negotiation of the waiver.”
Id. at 1185 (citing Mason v. United States, 211 F.3d 1065, 1069 (7th Cir. 2000)).
Pursuant to Cockerham, and under the standards of Strickland v.
Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984), we are not persuaded Mr. Khoshravan has
established a prima facie case that his attorney was ineffective. At the close of
Mr. Khoshravan’s sentencing hearing, his attorney stated she might not have
provided him with effective counsel, pointing to her inability to convince the
government to allow Mr. Khoshravan to retain his appeal rights in order to raise
what she considered to be an important issue regarding computation of intended
loss. However, nothing in the record indicates that counsel’s failure to retain Mr.
Khoshravan’s appeal rights raises an ineffective assistance claim tainting the
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voluntariness of Mr. Khoshravan’s guilty plea or of the waiver of his right to
appeal. See Cockerham, 237 F.3d at 1184. The plea agreement reflects that the
parties were fully aware at the time of plea that the amount of intended loss was a
disputed issue between the government and defendant. See Aple. Motion to
Dismiss, Ex. B at 4 (“the parties do not agree as to the amount of the intended
loss or the relevant conduct attributable to the defendant for sentencing”). While
counsel was no doubt disappointed the district court did not agree with her view
of the intended loss issue, the fact remains that her negotiations with the
government resulted in the dismissal of twenty-five counts of the twenty-six count
indictment.
Mr. Khoshravan’s decision to plead guilty to one count and thereby waive
his right to appeal because he could not afford to pay the special assessment fee
for all the counts against him, as he asserts, does not indicate his guilty plea or
waiver were somehow coerced, unknowing, or involuntary. Numerous examples
in the record of the voluntary and knowing nature of his plea and waiver show
otherwise. When Mr. Khoshravan pled guilty, the district court instructed him:
“Tell me in your own words what . . . waiving your right to appeal [means].” Id.ex. C at 3. Mr. Khoshravan answered: “As far as I understand, it means that no
matter what the judgment – no matter what my sentence is, I cannot appeal it
unless it goes outside the guideline . . . .” Id. Mr. Khoshravan’s signed plea
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agreement also included language specifying that “defendant . . . knowingly and
voluntarily waives his right to appeal or collaterally challenge” his guilty plea or
sentence. Id., ex. B at 5. Similarly, in Mr. Khoshravan’s petition to enter a plea
of guilty, he marked “yes” next to the question “[a]re your plea of GUILTY and
the waivers of your rights made voluntarily and completely of your own free
choice, free of any force or threats or pressure from anyone?” Rec., vol. I, doc. 36
at 8. Finally, during his plea colloquy with the district court, Mr. Khoshravan
indicated he was satisfied with the services of his attorney, and that she had “done
all that anyone could do as counsel to assist” him in the case. Aple. Motion to
Dismiss, ex. C at 4.
In light of the foregoing and the fact that Mr. Khoshravan has not moved to
withdraw his guilty plea, we hold that he has not shown his attorney’s alleged
inability to obtain a plea without waiver of appeal rights tainted the voluntary and
knowing nature of either his guilty plea or his waiver of appeal rights, both of
which occurred with full knowledge of the effect of the waiver. Accordingly, we
DISMISS the appeal for lack of jurisdiction.
ENTERED FOR THE COURT
Stephanie K. Seymour
Circuit Judge
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