Pyeatt v. United States , 59 F. App'x 275 ( 2003 )

F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FEB 5 2003
TENTH CIRCUIT PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff - Appellee,
No. 02-2241
D.C. No. CIV-00-1580-JC/DJS
v.
and CR-96-228-JC
(D. New Mexico)
EDWARD L. PYEATT,
Defendant - Appellant.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before SEYMOUR, HENRY, and BRISCOE, Circuit Judges.
Edward L. Pyeatt brings this 28 U.S.C. § 2255 pro se appeal challenging
the district court’s dismissal of his motion to vacate sentence. Mr. Pyeatt alleges
he was denied effective assistance of counsel at sentencing because his attorney
was not licensed to practice law in the state in which he was sentenced. The
*
After examining appellant’s brief and the appellate record, this panel has
determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the
determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2) and 10th Cir. R.
34.1(G). The case is therefore submitted without oral argument. This order and
judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case,
res judicata, or collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of
orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the
terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
district court, approving and adopting the findings and recommendation of a
magistrate judge, dismissed Mr. Pyeatt’s action with prejudice, finding it was
untimely under § 2255. Mr. Pyeatt appeals. In reviewing the district court’s
denial of Mr. Pyeatt’s § 2255 motion to vacate, we examine the court’s factual
findings for clear error, and its legal conclusions de novo. United States v.
Wiseman, 297 F.3d 975, 978 (10th Cir. 2002). We deny Mr. Pyeatt’s application
for a certificate of appealability (COA), and dismiss his appeal.
In order to obtain a COA, Mr. Pyeatt must establish that “jurists of reason
would find it debatable whether the petition states a valid claim of the denial of a
constitutional right and that jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the
district court was correct in its procedural ruling.” Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S.
473, 484 (2000).
Where a plain procedural bar is present and the district court is
correct to invoke it to dispose of the case, a reasonable jurist could
not conclude either that the district court erred in dismissing the
petition or that the petitioner should be allowed to proceed further.
In such a circumstance, no appeal [is] warranted.
Id. Pursuant to Slack, Mr. Pyeatt’s appeal fails.
Mr. Pyeatt was sentenced on December 16, 1996, for various drug and gun
possession offenses. Judgment imposing the sentence was entered on January 10,
1997. Mr. Pyeatt did not file any direct appeals challenging his sentence or the
underlying conviction. However, on November 6, 2000, he filed a motion to
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vacate his sentence pursuant to § 2255.
Actions initiated under § 2255 are subject to a one-year period of
limitation. As relevant here, “[t]he limitation period shall run from . . . the date
on which the judgment of conviction becomes final.” 28 U.S.C. § 2255. In
United States v. Burch, 202 F.3d 1274 (10th Cir. 2000), we examined when a
judgment of conviction becomes final after a petitioner’s direct appeal. We
reasoned that a “decision of the court of appeals is subject to further review, and
therefore not ‘final’ within the meaning of § 2255 until direct review has been
completed.” 202 F.3d at 1277 (quoting Kapral v. United States, 166 F.3d 565,
571 (3d Cir. 1999)). We concluded that “a defendant’s judgment of conviction
was not final for purposes of the one-year limitation period in § 2255 until the
time during which she could have filed a petition for writ of certiorari had
expired.” Id. at 1278.
Here, Mr. Pyeatt did not seek direct appeal of his sentence. Following our
analysis in Burch, Mr. Pyeatt’s judgment of conviction became final when his
claim could no longer be subject to appellate review, which occurred on January
20, 1997, the date his opportunity to file a direct appeal expired. See Fed. R.
App. P. 4(b)(1)(A) (“In a criminal case, a defendant’s notice of appeal must be
filed in the district court within 10 days after the later of: (i) entry of either the
judgment or the order being appealed; or (ii) the filing of the government’s notice
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of appeal.”). See also Kapral, 166 F.3d at 577 (“If a defendant does not pursue a
timely direct appeal to the court of appeals, his or her conviction and sentence
become final, and the statute of limitation begins to run, on the date on which the
time for filing such an appeal expired.”). Pursuant to the one-year limitation
period of § 2255, it is clear the district court correctly determined Mr. Pyeatt’s
claim was untimely. Mr. Pyeatt filed his § 2255 petition on November 6, 2000,
nearly four years after his conviction and sentence became final, and well outside
the one-year window provided by the statute. 1
Finally, based on our close review of the Mr. Pyeatt’s brief and the entire
record on appeal, we agree with the district court that Mr. Pyeatt failed to raise
any allegations warranting the application of equitable tolling in this case. See
Gibson v. Klinger, 232 F.3d 799, 808 (10th Cir. 2000) (equitable tolling of statute
permitted in only rare and exceptional circumstances); United States v. Willis, 202
F.3d 1279, 1281 n.3 (10th Cir. 2000) (case must present extraordinary
circumstances to warrant equitable tolling of statute of limitations).
1
We note the magistrate judge calculated Mr. Pyeatt’s action time barred on
April 10, 1998 (one year after entry of his sentence, plus ninety days in which he
could have filed a certiorari petition). See Sup. Ct. R. 13 (petition for writ of
certiorari must be filed within ninety days after entry of judgment). Because Mr.
Pyeatt did not directly appeal his sentence, however, the proper calculation of the
final judgment date is based on the date on which time for filing a direct appeal
expired.
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Because reasonable jurists could not conclude the district court erred in
dismissing Mr. Pyeatt’s action as untimely, we DENY Mr. Pyeatt’s application
for a COA and DISMISS this appeal.
ENTERED FOR THE COURT
Stephanie K. Seymour
Circuit Judge
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