United States v. Crepeau , 215 F. App'x 746 ( 2007 )


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  •                                                                             F I L E D
    United States Court of Appeals
    Tenth Circuit
    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
    February 5, 2007
    TENTH CIRCUIT                     Elisabeth A. Shumaker
    Clerk of Court
    UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
    Plaintiff - Appellee,
    v.                                                  No. 06-1099
    (D. Ct. No. 05-CR-434-EWN)
    THOMAS CREPEAU,                                               (D. Colo.)
    Defendant - Appellant.
    ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
    Before TACHA, Chief Circuit Judge, HARTZ, and TYMKOVICH, Circuit Judges.
    After examining the briefs and the appellate record, this three-judge panel has
    determined unanimously that oral argument would not be of material assistance in the
    determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The
    case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
    Defendant Thomas Crepeau pleaded guilty to one count of making an interstate
    threat to kill another person in violation of 
    18 U.S.C. § 875
    (c). He was sentenced to 12
    months and one day’s imprisonment. Mr. Crepeau filed a notice of appeal to challenge
    *
    This order and judgment is not binding precedent except under the doctrines of
    law of the case, res judicata and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its
    persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 (eff. Dec. 1, 2006) and 10th Cir. R.
    32.1 (eff. Jan. 1, 2007).
    his sentence. Subsequently, Mr. Crepeau’s attorney filed a brief pursuant to Anders v.
    California, 
    386 U.S. 738
     (1967), stating his belief that there are no meritorious grounds
    upon which Mr. Crepeau can appeal his sentence or challenge the entry of his guilty plea;
    he seeks permission to withdraw as counsel. Mr. Crepeau filed a response to his
    attorney’s motion. He identifies six possible grounds for appeal: (1) he was coerced into
    signing a plea agreement he did not understand; (2) the federal government lacks
    jurisdiction over crimes occurring in the state of Colorado; (3) relatedly, he should have
    been prosecuted in Nebraska state court, as opposed to federal district court in Colorado;
    (4) he was denied due process because people in the courtroom laughed during his
    sentencing hearing; (5) the District Court misapplied the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines in
    calculating his advisory sentencing range; (6) his sentence is unreasonable. Having
    reviewed the record, we conclude that there are no nonfrivolous issues to be raised on
    appeal and we therefore AFFIRM Mr. Crepeau’s conviction and sentence, DISMISS the
    appeal, and GRANT counsel’s motion to withdraw.
    I. BACKGROUND
    Mr. Crepeau was charged in a four-count indictment after sending multiple
    threatening e-mail messages to employees of his bank in an attempt to extort money. He
    pleaded guilty to Count One of the indictment charging him with making an interstate
    threat to kill another person in violation of 
    18 U.S.C. § 875
    (c). In exchange, the
    Government agreed to dismiss Counts Two through Four. In the plea agreement, Mr.
    Crepeau stipulated to the following facts: On February 16, 2005, Mr. Crepeau, while in
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    the state of Colorado, sent an e-mail to Rebecca Lane, an employee of Commercial
    Federal Bank. Ms. Lane received the e-mail in Nebraska. In the e-mail, Mr. Crepeau
    made threatening remarks to Ms. Lane because of her role in investigating and charging
    Mr. Crepeau’s credit card for $300 in damages he caused in a hotel room. The bank filed
    a report with the Omaha Police Department, and instructed Mr. Crepeau not to have any
    more contact with any employee at Commercial Federal Bank. Thereafter, Mr. Crepeau
    wrote two more threatening e-mails to Ms. Lane and one to Ron Simons, another bank
    employee.
    II. DISCUSSION
    Anders authorizes counsel to request permission to withdraw where he has
    conscientiously examined the case and has determined that any appeal would be wholly
    frivolous. Anders, 
    386 U.S. at 744
    . A request to withdraw must be accompanied by a
    brief to both the defendant and the appellate court indicating any potential appealable
    issues. 
    Id.
     The defendant must then have the opportunity to raise any points he chooses.
    
    Id.
     “[T]he court—not counsel—then proceeds, after a full examination of all the
    proceedings, to decide whether the case is wholly frivolous. If it so finds it may grant
    counsel’s request to withdraw and dismiss the appeal . . . .” 
    Id.
    In his Anders brief, counsel notes that the only possible bases for appeal would be
    that (1) Mr. Crepeau’s plea was invalid, (2) the District Court erred in calculating the
    applicable U.S. Sentencing Guidelines (“U.S.S.G.” or “Guidelines”) range, and (3) Mr.
    Crepeau’s sentence is unreasonable. Our independent review of the record confirms
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    counsel’s conclusion that no basis in law or fact exists for any of these arguments, nor
    any other argument.
    For a guilty plea to be valid, it must be knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily
    made. United States v. Gigot, 
    147 F.3d 1193
    , 1197 (10th Cir. 1998). It must also comply
    with Fed. R. Crim. P. 11. See Fed. R. Crim. P. 11(b)(1) (explaining procedure before the
    court may accept a guilty plea). The District Court confirmed several times that Mr.
    Crepeau was entering his plea knowingly and voluntarily and it thoroughly explained the
    consequences of the guilty plea. It also addressed the specific terms of the plea
    agreement and complied with Rule 11 in every way. There is no basis for concluding that
    the plea agreement was the product of coercion or otherwise invalid.
    With respect to sentencing, our review reveals that the District Court did not
    misapply the Guidelines. The Guidelines provision applicable to a violation of 
    18 U.S.C. § 875
    (c) is U.S.S.G. § 2A6.1, which provides for a base offense level of 12. The District
    Court applied a two-level enhancement because the offense involved more than two
    threats. See U.S.S.G. § 2A6.1(b)(2). The District Court also applied a two-level
    reduction for Mr. Crepeau’s acceptance of responsibility. See U.S.S.G. § 3E1.1(a). This
    produced a total offense level of 12. The District Court also concluded, based on Mr.
    Crepeau’s criminal history, that he was in criminal history category II. Based on the
    foregoing, the advisory sentencing range is 12 to 18 months’ imprisonment. The District
    Court sentenced him to the lowest level of the applicable Guidelines range—12 months
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    and one day.1
    The only possible error in calculating the advisory sentencing range would be in
    the District Court’s application of the two-level enhancement because the offense
    involved more than two threats. But in his plea agreement and at his change-of-plea
    hearing, Mr. Crepeau admitted that he sent three separate threatening emails to Ms. Lane
    and one to another bank employee. See United States v. Scott, 
    441 F.3d 1322
    , 1327 (11th
    Cir. 2006) (holding that when three distinct threats were made, § 2A6.1(b)(2) was
    properly applied even though there were only two mailings); United States v. Stokes, 
    347 F.3d 103
    , 106 (4th Cir. 2003) (“[T]he phrase ‘more than two threats,’ as used in §
    2A6.1(b)(2), refers to the number of threatening communications . . . .”). As such, the
    enhancement was properly applied.
    As for Mr. Crepeau’s suggestion that his sentence is unreasonable because it is
    greater than necessary to comport with the 
    18 U.S.C. § 3553
    (a) sentencing factors, we
    disagree. The District Court clearly stated the § 3553(a) factors and described why a
    sentence within the advisory Guidelines range was appropriate. We presume a sentence
    within the appropriate Guidelines range is reasonable unless it is shown otherwise. See
    United States v. Kristl, 
    437 F.3d 1050
    , 1054 (10th Cir. 2006). Nothing in the record gives
    us reason to rebut this presumption.
    Nor was Mr. Crepeau denied due process at his sentencing hearing when the
    1
    The record shows that the District Court added the one day to allow Mr. Crepeau
    to receive credit for good behavior in prison, which is only available for sentences greater
    than one year. See 
    18 U.S.C. § 3624
    (b)(1).
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    District Court made a joke regarding an attorney’s lack of “anger management” at 6:30
    A.M. on a Thursday morning, causing some members of the courtroom to laugh. There is
    nothing in the record to suggest that the episode was so unduly prejudicial that it rendered
    the sentencing hearing fundamentally unfair. See, e.g., United States v. Chanthadara,
    
    230 F.3d 1237
    , 1274 (10th Cir. 2000) (citing Payne v. Tennessee, 
    501 U.S. 808
    , 831
    (1991)) (stating that a defendant is denied due process at sentencing if evidence
    erroneously admitted is so prejudicial as to render the proceeding fundamentally unfair).
    Mr. Crepeau’s remaining claims respecting the federal court’s jurisdiction are
    similarly without merit. See 
    18 U.S.C. § 3231
     (“The district courts of the United States
    shall have original jurisdiction, exclusive of the courts of the States, of all offenses
    against the laws of the United States.”).
    III. CONCLUSION
    Because the record reveals no nonfrivolous arguments to appeal, we AFFIRM Mr.
    Crepeau’s conviction and sentence, DISMISS this appeal, and GRANT counsel’s request
    to withdraw.
    ENTERED FOR THE COURT,
    Deanell Reece Tacha
    Chief Circuit Judge
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