West v. Gibson ( 1999 )

F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
MAY 28 1999
TENTH CIRCUIT
PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
ALFORD LAMONT WEST,
Petitioner-Appellant,
v. No. 98-7151
(D.C. No. 95-CV-178-S)
GARY L. GIBSON; THE ATTORNEY (E.D. Okla.)
GENERAL OF THE STATE OF
OKLAHOMA,
Respondents-Appellees.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before ANDERSON, KELLY, and BRISCOE, Circuit Judges.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, the panel has determined
oral argument would not materially assist the determination of this appeal. See
Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). Therefore, the case is ordered
submitted without oral argument.
Petitioner Alford Lamont West, a state prisoner appearing pro se, seeks a
*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
certificate of probable cause to appeal the district court’s denial of his 28 U.S.C.
§ 2254 petition for writ of habeas corpus. 1 We grant West a certificate of
probable cause, exercise jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and affirm in
part, reverse in part, and remand for further proceedings.
West was charged in state court with one count of assault and battery with
intent to kill after former conviction and one count of robbery by force after
former conviction. According to West, the trial court granted his motion for a
psychiatric examination and, following that examination, transferred him to a
state hospital for treatment. West alleges he was given psychiatric medication
and transferred back to the county jail for further criminal proceedings. On May
2, 1991, West entered guilty pleas to both counts and was sentenced to two
concurrent thirty-year terms of imprisonment. He did not attempt to withdraw his
guilty pleas, as required by Oklahoma law to appeal from a guilty plea. 2
1
We construe West’s request for a certificate of appealability as an
application for a certificate of probable cause. West filed his habeas petition
prior to the effective date of the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act
(AEDPA) and is subject to the pre-AEDPA requirement that he obtain a
certificate of probable cause by making a substantial showing of the denial of a
federal right, see Barefoot v. Estelle , 463 U.S. 880, 893 (1983), the same showing
required for a certificate of appealability, see Lennox v. Evans , 87 F.3d 431, 434
(10th Cir. 1996), overruled on other grounds , United States v. Kunzman , 125 F.3d
1363, 1364 n.2 (10th Cir. 1997).
2
Under Oklahoma law, an appeal from a guilty plea must commence with
the filing of a motion to withdraw the plea within ten days of judgment. Okla. R.
Crim. App. 4.2(A). If the motion is denied, it may be appealed within ninety days
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West filed an application for post-conviction relief on January 5, 1994,
asserting (1) he should be allowed to withdraw his guilty pleas or, alternatively,
to file an appeal out of time; (2) his guilty pleas were not entered freely,
voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently; (3) the trial court failed to determine
West was competent at the time he entered his guilty pleas; (4) ineffective
assistance of counsel; (5) the trial court did not determine a factual basis for the
acceptance of his guilty pleas; and (6) the trial court violated his due process
rights by sentencing him to more time on the assault and battery charge than was
authorized by statute. The trial court denied the application and West appealed to
the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals. The appeal was dismissed on July 18,
1994, for failure to file a timely appeal.
West filed his habeas petition on April 18, 1995, asserting (1) the trial
court failed to determine he was competent at the time he entered his guilty pleas;
(2) ineffective assistance of trial counsel; and (3) the trial court violated his
constitutional rights by sentencing him on the assault and battery count to more
time than authorized by statute.
While this habeas action was pending, the Supreme Court issued its opinion
2
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of judgment by writ of certiorari to the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals.
Okla. Stat. tit. 22, § 1051(a) (1986). Post-conviction relief is not available to a
defendant who has failed to perfect a timely direct appeal unless he shows
“sufficient reason” why the claim was not asserted. Id. § 1086.
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in Cooper v. Oklahoma , 517 U.S. 348 (1996), and declared unconstitutional
Oklahoma’s requirement that criminal defendants prove their incompetency by
clear and convincing evidence. Based on this decision, West filed a second
application for post-conviction relief in state court, which was denied. On appeal,
the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals affirmed the denial, holding Cooper was
not “an intervening change in the law and the issues therein were available to
Petitioner at the time he could have taken a direct appeal.” Record, Doc. 32, exh.
A at 2.
West moved to amend his federal habeas petition to include his exhausted
Cooper claim. The district court granted the motion and West filed his amended
petition on February 23, 1998, asserting (1) the trial court applied an
unconstitutional standard of proof for incompetency ( Cooper claim); (2) he should
be allowed to withdraw his guilty pleas or, alternatively, to file a direct appeal out
of time; (3) his guilty pleas were not entered freely, voluntarily, knowingly, and
intelligently; and (4) the trial court violated his constitutional rights by failing to
determine the factual basis for the acceptance of his guilty pleas. The district
court dismissed the amended petition on October 5, 1998, on the grounds that all
four claims were “procedurally barred from habeas corpus review.” Record, Doc.
44 at 5. More specifically, the court concluded all of the claims had been rejected
in state court on state procedural grounds and West had not demonstrated cause
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and prejudice for the default or a fundamental miscarriage of justice sufficient to
allow federal habeas review.
Because West initiated his habeas proceeding prior to enactment of the
AEDPA, we apply pre-AEDPA standards of review. See Jackson v. Shanks , 143
F.3d 1313, 1317 (10th Cir.), cert. denied , 119 S. Ct. 378 (1998). Under those
standards, we may grant habeas relief to a state prisoner only if state court error
deprived him of fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution of the United
States. Id. In reviewing the district court’s dismissal of West’s petition, our
scope of review is de novo. See id. However, we must give deference to the state
court’s construction of state law, and we review the state court’s factual findings
only for clear error. Id.It is uncontroverted that the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals did not
address the merits of any claims West raised in his habeas petition. Therefore, we
must determine if those claims are now procedurally barred for purposes of
federal habeas review.
In all cases in which a state prisoner has defaulted his federal claims
in state court pursuant to an independent and adequate state
procedural rule, federal habeas review of the claims is barred unless
the prisoner can demonstrate cause for the default and actual
prejudice as a result of the alleged violation of federal law, or
demonstrate that failure to consider the claims will result in a
fundamental miscarriage of justice.
Coleman v. Thompson , 501 U.S. 722, 750 (1991).
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With respect to claims reasserted in his federal habeas petition which he
initially asserted in his first application for state post-conviction relief (i.e., that
he should be allowed to withdraw his guilty pleas or file a direct appeal out of
time; that his guilty pleas were not entered freely, voluntarily, knowingly, and
intelligently; and that the trial court failed to determine a factual basis for his
guilty pleas), we conclude those claims are procedurally barred. As noted, the
Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals rejected those claims because West’s appeal
from the trial court’s denial of his first application for post-conviction relief was
untimely filed. West has not asserted, and we have no reason to conclude, this
procedural rule is not “strictly or regularly followed.” Hathorn v. Lovorn , 457
U.S. 255, 263 (1982). Indeed, we have held Oklahoma strictly and regularly
applies its procedural bar to issues not timely appealed. See , e.g. , Odum v.
Boone , 62 F.3d 327, 331 (10th Cir. 1995); Brecheen v. Reynolds , 41 F.3d 1343,
1349 n.4 (10th Cir. 1994); Steele v. Young , 11 F.3d 1518, 1522 (10th Cir. 1993).
Moreover, we have held claims raised for the first time in state post-conviction
proceedings are procedurally defaulted if the petitioner fails to obtain timely
appellate review of the state trial court’s decision. See Ballinger v. Kerby , 3 F.3d
1371, 1374 (10th Cir. 1993).
We also agree that West has failed to demonstrate either cause and
prejudice or a fundamental miscarriage of justice which is sufficient to allow us
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to reach the merits of claims asserted in his first application for post-conviction
relief. Although West alleges his procedural default was caused by a delay
between issuance of the order of denial and his receipt of the order, the record on
appeal indicates those assertions were specifically considered and rejected by the
Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals. We find no basis for overturning the
court’s findings on this procedural matter. Further, although West alleged he was
factually innocent, he has not supported that allegation with evidence sufficient to
undermine our confidence in the outcome of his criminal proceedings. See
Schlup v. Delo , 513 U.S. 298, 316 (1995).
We reach a different conclusion with respect to West’s claim that the trial
court applied an unconstitutional standard of proof at his competency hearing (his
Cooper claim). 3 As noted, the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals refused to
address this issue on the ground it could have been raised on direct appeal. The
question for us is whether this constitutes an “independent and adequate state
procedural” rule sufficient to bar federal habeas review of West’s claim.
Coleman , 501 U.S. at 750. Although there is little question the court’s decision
rests on an “independent” state procedural ground, we conclude it is not an
“adequate” one under the circumstances of this case since it was not firmly
3
We construe this as a procedural competency claim. See Barnett v.
Hargett , 1999 WL 221513 at *8 (10th Cir. 1999) . Such claims, unlike substantive
competency claims, are subject to procedural bar. Id. at *7.
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established and regularly followed at the time of West’s purported default in 1991
(at the time he could have filed a direct appeal). See Barnett v. Hargett , 1999 WL
221513 at *5 (refusing to apply Oklahoma’s procedural bar in non-capital habeas
case where petitioner’s direct appeal predated Cooper ); Rogers v. Gibson , 1999
WL 203188 at *9 (10th Cir. 1999) (noting prior to 1995 amendments to
Oklahoma’s post-conviction procedure act, a state prisoner “would not have been
procedurally barred from raising [a] Cooper claim, as an intervening change in the
law, for the first time in his application for post-conviction relief”); Walker v.
Attorney General for the State of Oklahoma , 167 F.3d 1339, 1344-45 (10th Cir.
1999). We reverse the district court’s dismissal of this claim on procedural
grounds and remand for consideration on the merits.
If, as alleged by West, the state trial court made its competency
determination utilizing an incorrect standard of proof, its decision would “not
[be] entitled to a presumption of correctness, and [would be] analogous to no
competency hearing at all.” Barnett , 1999 WL 221513 at *6. Further, West
would be entitled to habeas relief if he “can establish a bona fide doubt as to his
competency” at the time he entered his guilty plea. 4
Id. ; see also Walker , 167
4
As the Supreme Court noted in Godin v. Moran , 509 U.S. 389, 396-99,
401 n.12 (1993), an incompetent defendant lacks the capacity to understand the
proceedings against him, and is thus unable to make important decisions
regarding his case, including the decision to waive his rights and enter a plea of
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F.3d at 1345 (habeas relief appropriate if “state trial court ignored evidence that,
viewed objectively, raised a bona fide doubt as to the petitioner’s competency to
stand trial”); Coleman v. Saffle , 912 F.2d 1217, 1226 (10th Cir. 1990) (federal
habeas court must determine whether a reasonable judge, situated as was the trial
judge whose failure to conduct a competency hearing is being reviewed, should
have experienced doubt with respect to petitioner’s competency to stand trial).
“‘[E]vidence of [West’s] irrational behavior, his demeanor at trial, and any prior
medical opinion on competence to stand trial [will] all [be] relevant’ to the bona
fide doubt inquiry.” Walker , 167 F.3d at 1346 (quoting Drope v. Missouri , 420
U.S. 162, 180 (1975)).
West’s request for a certificate of probable cause is GRANTED. His
motion to proceed in forma pauperis on appeal is DENIED as moot. The district
court granted permission to proceed in forma pauperis on appeal, and the filing
fee has been paid in full. The judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED IN
PART, REVERSED IN PART, and REMANDED for further proceedings
consistent with this order and judgment.
Entered for the Court
Mary Beck Briscoe
Circuit Judge
4
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guilty.
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