Felix A. Smith v. Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections , 691 F. App'x 555 ( 2017 )

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[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
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No. 15-13969
Non-Argument Calendar
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D.C. Docket No. 9:15-cv-80958-KAM
FELIX A. SMITH,
Petitioner-Appellant,
versus
SECRETARY, FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS,
ATTORNEY GENERAL, STATE OF FLORIDA,
Respondents-Appellees.
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Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Florida
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(May 8, 2017)
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Before JULIE CARNES, JILL PRYOR, and EDMONDSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Felix Smith, a Florida state prisoner proceeding pro se, appeals the district
court’s dismissal of his 28 U.S.C. § 2254 petition: a dismissal as second or
successive. Considering the vacation of original sentence (in part) and the
resentencing in 2013, reversible error has been shown; we vacate the judgment and
remand for further proceedings.
In 1995, Smith was convicted in Florida of robbery with a firearm. Smith
was sentenced to 30 years’ imprisonment, to be followed by 10 years’ Drug
Offender Probation. On direct appeal, the state court affirmed Smith’s conviction
and sentence.
Smith filed his first 28 U.S.C. § 2254 petition in 2000. The district court
dismissed Smith’s petition as untimely. On appeal, this Court affirmed.
The state court later granted in part Smith’s motion -- pursuant to Fla. R.
Crim. P. 3.800 -- to vacate and set aside an illegal sentence. The state court
concluded (and the State conceded) that the imposition of a Drug Offender
Probation was unlawful, because Smith had been charged with no drug-related
offense. Accordingly, the state court resentenced Smith in November 2013. The
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“resentencing” order (1) converted Smith’s “drug offender probation” to a
“standard probation with the condition of at least (5) NA/AA meetings per week
and random urine testing” and (2) struck the Drug Farm Program as a condition of
Smith’s probation.
In July 2015, Smith filed the pro se section 2254 petition at issue in this
appeal. In his petition, Smith raised four grounds for relief, each of which
challenged an aspect of Smith’s original criminal proceeding and sentence.
The district court dismissed Smith’s 2015 petition as second or successive.
The district court explained that Smith’s 2013 resentencing did not relieve Smith
of his obligation to first obtain authorization from this Court to file a second or
successive habeas petition. In particular, the district court noted that “all of the
grounds raised in the present petition relate to errors in the original trial
proceedings” that “could have and should have been asserted timely in his initial
petition.”
We review de novo whether a petition for a writ of habeas corpus is second
or successive. Stewart v. United States, 646 F.3d 856, 858 (11th Cir. 2011).
Section 2254 permits a prisoner “in custody pursuant to the judgment of a
State court” to challenge his conviction and sentence “on the ground that he is in
custody in violation of the Constitution or laws or treaties of the United States.”
28 U.S.C. § 2254(a). Before filing a second or successive habeas corpus petition
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in the district court, a state prisoner must first move the court of appeals for an
order authorizing the district court to consider such a petition. See 28 U.S.C.
§ 2244(b)(3)(A). Where the prisoner fails to seek or to obtain such authorization,
the district court lacks jurisdiction to consider the merits of the petition. Burton v.
Stewart, 127 S. Ct. 793, 799 (2007).
The phrase “second or successive,” however, does not simply refer to all
habeas petitions filed second or successively in time. Magwood v. Patterson, 130
S. Ct. 2788, 2796 (2010). Instead, “the phrase ‘second or successive’ must be
interpreted with respect to the judgment challenged.” Id. at 2797. Thus, where an
intervening judgment comes in between the filing of two habeas petitions, the
“application challenging the resulting new judgment is not ‘second or successive’
at all.” Id. at 2802. “[T]he existence of a new judgment is dispositive.” Id. at
2800.
We have said a judgment is “comprised of both the sentence and the
conviction.” Insignares v. Sec’y, Fla. Dep’t of Corr., 755 F.3d 1273, 1281 (11th
Cir. 2014). A resentencing, therefore, results in a new judgment of conviction for
purposes of AEDPA. Id. “[W]hen a habeas petition is the first to challenge a new
judgment, it is not ‘second or successive,’ regardless of whether its claims
challenge the sentence or the underlying conviction.” Id.4
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Here, Smith’s 2013 resentencing -- changing the terms of probation: his
custody -- established a new intervening judgment. Because Smith’s 2015 section
2254 petition is the first petition to challenge this new judgment, Smith’s petition
is not “second or successive.” See id. That the grounds raised in Smith’s petition
relate only to alleged errors in Smith’s original criminal proceeding is immaterial
to a determination of whether the petition is second or successive. * See id.(petitioner’s second-filed section 2254 petition was not “second or successive”
even though the claims raised were identical to those raised in petitioner’s first-
filed section 2254 petition and were based only on errors alleged to have occurred
during petitioner’s criminal trial).
The State agrees that the district court erred in dismissing Smith’s section
2254 petition as second or successive. The States contends, however, that --
because Smith’s petition was untimely filed -- the district court’s dismissal may be
affirmed on other grounds. The district court made no findings about timeliness.
Moreover, the record before the district court was insufficiently developed to
determine the timeliness of Smith’s petition. For these reasons, we decline to rule
on the timeliness issue. Instead, we remand the case to the district court for further
*
At this stage in the proceedings, we make no determination about whether the claims raised in
Smith’s section 2254 petition may be subject to dismissal on other grounds. Cf. Magwood, 130
S. Ct. at 2802 (“procedural-default rules continue to constrain review of claims in all
applications, whether the applications are ‘second or successive’ or not.”); Insignares, 755 F.3d
at 1281 n.9 (although a habeas petition is not “second or successive,” the claims raised in the
petition are still subject to other limitations under AEDPA, including procedural default rules
and the law-of-the-case doctrine).
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proceedings, including a determination about the timeliness of Smith’s petition.
Cf. Boyd v. United States, 754 F.3d 1298, 1303 (11th Cir. 2014) (reversing district
court’s dismissal of 28 U.S.C. § 2255 motion as second or successive and
remanding the case for a determination about the motion’s timeliness).
VACATED AND REMANDED.
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