Dwight Mathews v. Herman Moss , 506 F. App'x 981 ( 2013 )

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[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
________________________
No. 11-14547
Non-Argument Calendar
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D.C. Docket No. 1:09-cv-22117-KMM
DWIGHT MATHEWS,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
versus
HERMAN MOSS,
Defendant-Appellee,
LIEUTENANT GREEN, et al.,
Defendants.
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Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Florida
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(February 8, 2013)
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Before CARNES, BARKETT and HULL, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Dwight Mathews, an inmate in Florida state prison, brought this pro se 42
U.S.C. § 1983 action against fifteen prison employees. On appeal, Mathews
challenges the district court’s orders (1) dismissing his 42 U.S.C. § 1983procedural due process claims against fourteen prison employees for failure to state
a claim, pursuant to the Prison Litigation Reform Act (“PLRA”), 28 U.S.C.
§ 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii), and (2) dismissing his remaining § 1983 claims against Officer
Herman Moss, as a sanction, pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b),
because Mathews submitted fraudulent affidavits. After review, we affirm.
According to Mathews’s complaint, Officer Moss violated his Eighth
Amendment rights because Moss failed to intervene when three inmates attacked
Mathews in the Transitional Care Unit, an inpatient setting for inmates with mental
illness. Mathews alleged that Officer Moss then issued a false disciplinary report,
charging Mathews with assault and battery as the instigator of the fight.
While awaiting his disciplinary hearing on the assault and battery charges,
Mathews was placed in administrative confinement for a period of 24 days and
then for another period of 18 days. After the disciplinary hearing, Mathews was
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found guilty and placed on “Close Management I” status.1 Mathews filed
grievances challenging his close management classification, which were denied.
The other fourteen defendants participated in Mathews’s prison disciplinary
proceedings or in the denial of his subsequent grievances. Mathews’s complaint
alleged that the other defendants violated his procedural due process rights in these
disciplinary and grievance proceedings.
The district court did not err in dismissing Mathews’s procedural due
process claims against fourteen defendants because Mathews’s complaint did not
allege the deprivation of a liberty interest protected by the Due Process Clause. 2
Being held in administrative confinement for short periods of 24 days and 18 days
does not impose an “atypical, significant deprivation” sufficient to give rise to a
constitutionally protected liberty interest. See Sandin v. Conner, 515 U.S. 472,
485-87, 115 S. Ct. 2293, 2301-02 (1995) (concluding thirty days of disciplinary
1
Under Florida Department of Corrections regulations, administrative confinement is the
temporary removal of an inmate from the general population for security and safety pending,
inter alia, a disciplinary hearing. Fla. Admin. Code Ann. R. 33-602.220(1)(a) & (3)(a). Close
management classification keeps an inmate, who has demonstrated an inability to avoid abusing
the rights of other inmates, apart from the general prison population for security and effective
management reasons. Id. R. 33-601.800(1)(d).
2
We review de novo the dismissal of claims under the PLRA, § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii),
applying the same standards as a dismissal under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) and
viewing the allegations in the complaint as true. Douglas v. Yates, 535 F.3d 1316, 1319-20
(11th Cir. 2008). To state a claim, the complaint “must be enough to raise a right to relief above
the speculative level,” and must contain enough facts to state a claim that is “plausible on its
face.” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555, 570, 127 S. Ct. 1955, 1965, 1974 (2007).
Additionally, we construe pro se pleadings liberally. Tannenbaum v. United States, 148 F.3d
1262, 1263 (11th Cir.1998).
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segregation did not give rise to a protected liberty interest); Rodgers v. Singletary,
142 F.3d 1252, 1253 (11th Cir. 1998) (concluding two months in administrative
confinement did not constitute deprivation of a protected liberty interest). Inmates
also have no protected liberty interest in a particular custody classification. See
Meachum v. Fano, 427 U.S. 215, 223-25, 96 S. Ct. 2532, 2538 (1976) (concluding
no liberty interest in discretionary transfer to a maximum security state prison);
Moody v. Daggett, 429 U.S. 78, 88 n.9, 97 S. Ct. 274, 279 n.9 (1976) (concluding
no due process protections required for prisoner classification and eligibility for
rehabilitative programs in federal prison). We note that Mathews’s complaint did
not allege any facts showing (or that could be liberally construed to show) that he
was confined in harsher conditions than inmates in administrative confinement or
close management I status generally. Cf. Magluta v. Samples, 375 F.3d 1269,
1275-76, 1282 (11th Cir. 2004) (concluding pretrial detainee’s detailed allegations,
if true, established a liberty interest where pretrial detainee, unlike other pretrial
detainees or even convicted prisoners, was placed in administrative detention in
conditions that constituted solitary confinement, including being locked in a closet-
sized cell with minimal contact with human beings for over 500 days). 3
3
Although Mathews argues that mandatory language in Florida’s prison regulations
created liberty interests, the Supreme Court in Sandin made clear that mandatory language in
state statutes and prison regulations is insufficient to create a protected liberty interest. See
Sandin, 515 U.S. at 483-84, 115 S. Ct. at 2300.
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To the extent Mathews’s complaint alleged that his prison grievances were
either ignored or wrongly decided or that prison officials did not properly follow
the prison’s own grievance procedures, the Court has concluded that “a prison
grievance procedure does not provide an inmate with a constitutionally protected
interest.” Bingham v. Thomas, 654 F.3d 1171, 1177-78 (11th Cir. 2011). Because
Mathews’s complaint did not allege facts showing that any protected liberty
interests were implicated, the district court properly dismissed Mathews’s claims
against the fourteen defendants involved in his disciplinary or grievance
proceedings.
The district court also did not abuse its discretion when it dismissed
Mathews’s § 1983 claims against Officer Moss under Rule 41(b). 4 The record
shows that Matthews submitted unnotarized affidavits purportedly signed by two
prison inmates, Leonard Jennings and Martinez Guillermo. Subsequently, Officer
Moss submitted notarized affidavits from Jennings and Guillermo stating that they
had not signed the affidavits submitted by Mathews. Based on this evidence, the
district court did not commit clear error in finding that Mathews willfully
submitted false affidavits. The district court also found that lesser sanctions would
4
We review a district court’s dismissal of a claim under Rule 41(b) for abuse of discretion
and its factual findings for clear error. Zocaras v. Castro, 465 F.3d 479, 483 (11th Cir. 2006).
The district court may dismiss a claim under Rule 41(b) where there is a clear record of willful
conduct and the court finds “that lesser sanctions are inadequate to correct such conduct.” Id.(quotation marks omitted).
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not suffice because of the need to deter other pro se inmates from engaging in
similar fraud. Under the circumstances, we cannot say the district court’s sanction
of dismissal was an abuse of discretion. 5
AFFIRMED.
5
Mathews also challenges a magistrate judge’s order setting aside the entry of default
against Officer Moss. However, in the district court, Mathews failed to object to this
nondispositive order. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(a) (providing that a party has fourteen days to file
any objections to a magistrate judge’s nondispositive order and that “[a] party may not assign as
error a defect in the order not timely objected to”). Accordingly, Mathews waived his right to
appeal this ruling. See Smith v. Sch. Bd. of Orange Cnty., 487 F.3d 1361, 1365 (11th Cir. 2007)
(“[W]here a party fails to timely challenge a magistrate’s nondispositive order before the district
court, the party waived his right to appeal those orders in this Court.”). In any event, Matthews
has not shown that the magistrate judge abused his discretion in setting aside the default entry for
good cause.
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