Brice Building Co. Inc. v. Clarendon America , 378 F. App'x 915 ( 2010 )

[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT FILED
________________________ U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
No. 09-12449 MAY 06, 2010
________________________ JOHN LEY
CLERK
D. C. Docket No. 07-00196-CV-3-EMT
BRICE BUILDING COMPANY, INC.,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
CLARENDON AMERICA INSURANCE COMPANY,
d.b.a. Mercury Insurance Company,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Florida
_________________________
(May 6, 2010)
Before BIRCH, BARKETT and KRAVITCH, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
We AFFIRM the judgment of the district court in all matters with the
exception of its ruling that Clarendon America Insurance Company (“Clarendon”)
was not entitled to share the costs of Brice Building Company, Inc.’s (“Brice”)
defense and indemnification with Amerisure Mutual Insurance Company
(“Amerisure”), Brice’s commercial general liability (“CGL”) insurance provider.
With respect to that issue and for the reasons stated herein, we find that the district
court erred in its conclusion that Clarendon’s excess coverage provision was
inapplicable to bar coverage for claims arising out of the death of Joseph Eddy,
who was killed when the vehicle he was driving rear-ended a delivery truck that
had been parked in the roadway adjacent to Brice’s Preserve Place construction
site.
In addition to the coverage Brice maintained with Amerisure, Brice was
covered as an “additional insured” under one of its subcontractor’s CGL policies
with Clarendon. That policy contained an “Other Insurance” clause, which
provided that “[t]his insurance is excess over any other insurance . . . [i]f the loss
arises out of the maintenance or use of aircraft, ‘autos’ or watercraft . . . .” Doc.
75, Exh. B. at 15. Brice’s policy with Amerisure contained a virtually identical
“Excess Insurance” provision.1 Under Florida law, “[w]hen two insurance policies
contain ‘other insurance’ clauses[,] the clauses are deemed mutually repugnant[,]
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Amerisure’s “Excess Insurance” provision read: “This insurance is excess over: (1) Any
of the other insurance . . . [i]f the loss arises out of the maintenance or use of aircraft, ‘autos’ or
watercraft . . . . ” Doc. 106, Exh. D at 68.
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and both insurers share the loss on a pro rata basis in accordance with their policy
limits.” Fireman’s Fund Ins. Co. v. Tropical Shipping & Constr. Co., 254 F.3d
987, 1005 (11th Cir. 2001) (quotation marks and citation omitted). The district
court found that Clarendon’s other insurance provision did not apply, and that its
policy was therefore primary, because the loss in this case – Mr. Eddy’s death –
did not arise out of the maintenance or “use” of an automobile. As such,
Clarendon was solely responsible for defending and indemnifying Brice in the
underlying wrongful death lawsuit filed by Mr. Eddy’s estate.2 We disagree.
In Underwriters at Lloyd’s of London v. McCaul, 949 So. 2d 1137 (Fla. Dist.
Ct. App. 2007), the Florida appellate court held that a CGL policy’s automobile
exclusion, which excluded coverage for injuries “arising out of the ownership,
maintenance, use or entrustment to others of any ‘auto’ owned or operated by any
insured,” applied where the loss occurred as a result of a collision where a car
swerved off a roadway and struck the insured’s van, which was parked on the side
of the road while the insured’s employees maintained the area. Id. at 1138. The
trial court had determined that because the theory of liability stated in the
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The district court first rejected Clarendon’s argument that it was entitled to share the
costs of Brice’s defense and indemnification with Amerisure as an untimely “policy defense.”
This was error. Clarendon did not rely on the other-insurance provision to deny coverage, but
instead relied on it to establish its share of Brice’s loss once coverage had been established.
Clarendon thus had no obligation to raise the cost-sharing issue until the district court notified
the parties that it intended to award Brice monetary damages.
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complaint was the insured’s alleged negligent failure to place traffic cones on the
roadway to warn of the presence of the work and the vehicle, rather than the
dangerous location of the van itself, Lloyd’s was required to defend and indemnify
the insured. Id. Reversing the trial court, the appellate court found that “[i]t [was]
clear . . . as a matter of common sense and of a plain reading of the
policy . . . that however the basis of the claim may have been creatively
characterized by the plaintiffs, the exclusion precludes coverage as a matter of
law.” Id. The court reasoned that “the failure to warn of the danger created by the
presence of a vehicle [i]s inseparable from the ‘use’ of the vehicle itself” and that it
was “simply inconceivable that a collision with a motor vehicle may be deemed
not to arise from its use or operation.” Id. at 1139. Accordingly, “the insured’s
alleged liability arose from the use of its vehicle and thus [fell] within the pertinent
exclusion.” Id. at 1140. See also Allstate Ins. Co. v. Safer, 317 F. Supp. 2d 1345(M.D. Fla. 2004) (CGL policy’s auto exclusion barred coverage for injuries
sustained in an accident that occurred because the insured’s negligently parked
truck had obscured the view of an intersection adjacent to the insured’s property);
Alligator Enterprises, Inc. v. General Agents Ins. Co., 773 So. 2d 94, 95-96 (Fla.
Dist. Ct. App. 2000) (injuries sustained when a vehicle collided with a tractor
trailer that had been negligently parked on the roadway outside Alligator’s
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premises “[w]ithout question . . . arose out of the ownership, maintenance or use of
Alligator’s tractor and trailer,” thus barring coverage under CGL policy’s auto
exclusion).
In light of the foregoing, it is clear under Florida law that a parked car is
being “used” when another vehicle collides with it, regardless of the theory of
liability alleged in the underlying complaint. Accordingly, we conclude that the
accident in this case arose out of the “use” of an automobile and thus comes within
the other insurance provision of Clarendon’s CGL policy. Clarendon’s and
Amerisure’s excess coverage provisions being mutually repugnant, both insurers
must share pro-rata the costs of Brice’s defense and indemnification. We therefore
VACATE the judgment of the district court with respect to that issue and
REMAND to the district court for a determination of Clarendon’s pro-rata share of
Brice’s damages.
AFFIRMED IN PART, VACATED IN PART, and REMANDED.
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