USCA11 Case: 20-14396 Date Filed: 03/23/2021 Page: 1 of 5
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
________________________
No. 20-14396
Non-Argument Calendar
________________________
D.C. Docket No. 0:18-cv-63037-RS
JASON SIMIONE,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
versus
RICKY LIBMAN,
in his individual capacity as Deputy Sheriff
of the Broward County Sheriff's Office,
LUIS RIVERA,
in his individual capacity as Deputy Sheriff
of the Broward County Sheriff's Office,
DONNA LEE PEPLIN,
in individual capacity,
MEGUMI HAGA,
in individual capacity,
Defendants – Appellees.
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________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Florida
________________________
(March 23, 2021)
Before WILSON, JORDAN, and GRANT, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Jason Simione appeals the sua sponte dismissal of his amended complaint
for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. Because we find that what remains of this
case should be remanded to the state court from which it came, we vacate the
district court’s order and remand it so that may happen.
The essential facts are these. On November 27, 2018 Simione filed a
complaint in Florida state court alleging that five defendants—Ricky Libman, Luis
Rivera, Dana Heinsen, Donna Peplin, and Megumi Haga—individually,
collectively, or through conspiracy violated his civil rights under
42 U.S.C.
§ 1983.1
Simione alleges that Haga (his ex-wife) and Peplin (his mother) collaborated
with Rivera and Lipman (law enforcement officers) to falsely arrest him based on
fabricated allegations, to gain advantage on a child custody matter. Rivera and
Libman removed the case to the United States District Court for the Southern
1
Simione voluntarily dismissed Heinsen as a defendant and therefore she is not a defendant on
appeal.
2
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District of Florida. They both filed motions to dismiss, and the district court
granted their motions, dismissing the entire case in a single order. Simione
appealed that order, but he eventually voluntarily dismissed his appeal.
Because Haga and Peplin did not attempt to answer or otherwise defend the
claims against them in federal court, Simione filed a motion to reopen the case as
to those two defendants. The court granted Simione’s motion. Simione then filed
a motion to remand the case to state court, claiming the court no longer retained
subject matter jurisdiction. The district court denied Simione’s motion. It
explained that his complaint alleged that Haga and Peplin violated § 1983, a
federal statute, and therefore it had federal question jurisdiction pursuant to
28
U.S.C. § 1331.2 Subsequently, Simione filed a motion to amend his complaint,
and attached a proposed first amended complaint only alleging state law claims
against Haga and Peplin. The district court granted Simione’s motion. The next
day the district court sua sponte issued an order “closing” the case for lack of
subject matter jurisdiction. It explained that the amended complaint divested the
court of jurisdiction because it solely alleged violations of state law. This appeal
followed.
2
Section 1331 states: “The district court shall have original jurisdiction of all civil actions
arising under the Constitutions, laws, or treaties of the United States.”
3
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Simione claims that the district court improperly dismissed the case, and that
under
28 U.S.C. § 1447(c) it should have remanded the matter to the state court for
further proceedings.
“We review [a] district court’s determination that it lacked subject matter
jurisdiction de novo.” See Mahone v. Ray,
326 F.3d 1176, 1178 (11th Cir. 2003).
We agree with Simione that the district court should have remanded this
case. Section 1447, which addresses court procedures after removal, states: “If at
any time before final judgment it appears that the district court lacks subject matter
jurisdiction, the case shall be remanded.” § 1447(c). The plain language of the
statute demonstrates that the district court was required to remand the suit once it
found that it lacked subject matter jurisdiction. See Univ. of S. Ala. v. Am. Tobacco
Co.,
168 F.3d 405, 410 (11th Cir. 1999) (explaining that remand was “mandatory”
under § 1447(c) when the district court decided it lacked subject matter
jurisdiction); Snapper, Inc. v. Redan,
171 F.3d 1249, 1252–53 (11th Cir. 1999)
(claiming that a district court “must” remand when it finds that it lacks subject
matter jurisdiction); see also Smith v. Wis. Dep’t of Agric., Trade & Consumer
Prot.,
23 F.3d 1134, 1142 (7th Cir. 1994) (pointing to the plain language of §
1447(c) to find that district court was required to remand a case to state court when
it found that it lacked subject matter jurisdiction); Roach v. W. Va. Reg’l Jail &
Corr. Facility Auth.,
74 F.3d 46, 49 (4th Cir. 1996) (finding that Ҥ 1447(c)
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required the [district] court to remand . . . to state court” when it did not have
subject matter jurisdiction).
Accordingly, we vacate the district court’s order dismissing the case for lack
of subject matter jurisdiction and remand with instructions to further remand the
case to the state court from which it was removed.
VACATED AND REMANDED.
5
