United States v. Kevin G. Hunt , 660 F. App'x 815 ( 2016 )

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[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
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No. 16-10436
Non-Argument Calendar
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D.C. Docket No. 2:96-cr-14005-KMM-1
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
KEVIN G. HUNT,
Defendant-Appellant.
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Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Florida
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(August 31, 2016)
Before JORDAN, JULIE CARNES, and EDMONDSON, Circuit Judges.
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PER CURIAM:
Kevin Hunt, a federal prisoner proceeding pro se, appeals the district court’s
denial of his March 2015 Rule 60(b) motion, which the district court construed as a
motion for a reduction of his sentence under 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2), the denial of
his October 2015 motion for a reduced sentence, and the denial of his December
2015 motion for a reduced sentence.
I.
On appeal, Hunt argues that the district court improperly construed his first
motion, nominally a Rule 60(b) motion, as a motion to reduce his sentence under
18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2). The government, however, argues that Hunt’s appeal is
untimely for the district court’s November 2015 order, which dismissed Hunt’s
first and second motions. Hunt asserts that his appeal is not untimely because he
received no notice of the district court’s final order until 21 January 2016 and that
his appeal was timely filed for that date.
We typically review a district court’s denial of a Rule 60(b) motion for
abuse of discretion. Farris v. United States, 333 F.3d 1211, 1216 (11th Cir. 2003).
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We review de novo a district court’s legal conclusions about the scope of its
authority under 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2). United States v. Davis, 587 F.3d 1300,
1303 (11th Cir. 2009). Furthermore, we review jurisdictional issues, like whether
an appeal is timely, de novo. United States v. Lopez, 562 F.3d 1309, 1311 (11th
Cir. 2009).
Proceedings under 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2) are criminal in nature. See United
States v. Fair, 326 F.3d 1317, 1318 (11th Cir. 2003). So, a criminal defendant
appealing the denial of his § 3582(c)(2) motion must file the notice of appeal in the
district court no later than 14 days after the challenged order is entered on the
docket. Fed. R. App. P. 4(b)(1)(A)(i). The deadline in Rule 4(b) for a defendant to
file a notice of appeal in a criminal case is not jurisdictional, and the government
can waive an objection to an untimely notice of appeal. Lopez, 562 F.3d at 1312-
13. Nevertheless, if the government properly advances the issue of timeliness, then
“we must apply the time limits of Rule 4(b).” Id. at 1313-14.
A notice of appeal filed by a pro se prisoner is deemed filed on the date
when the prisoner delivers it to prison authorities or places it in the prison mail
system. Fed. R. App. P. 4(c)(1). Absent contrary evidence, we will assume that a
prisoner delivered a filing to prison authorities on the day the prisoner signed it.
Washington v. United States, 243 F.3d 1299, 1301 (11th Cir. 2001) (applying the
prisoner mailbox rule in the context of a motion to vacate). Except as provided in
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Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 4(b), the clerk’s failure to give notice of an
order does not affect the time to appeal or relieve a party’s failure to appeal within
the allowed time. Fed. R. Crim. P. 49(c). And a Rule 4(b) extension was
unavailable here: notice of appeal filed outside of permissible extension period.
We may not extend the time to file an appeal, except as authorized in Rule 4. Fed.
R. App. P. 26(b)(1).
The district court did not err in construing Hunt’s Rule 60(b) motion --
which raised sentencing issues -- as a motion for a reduced sentence under 18
U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2). Rule 60(b) could offer no relief in a case like this one: the
motion raised a merits-based issue, attacking Hunt’s criminal sentence. See Fair,
326 F.3d at 1318. Therefore, both Hunt’s first and second motions were criminal
in nature, giving him 14 days to file his appeal timely. See id.; Fed. R. Crim. P.
4(b)(1)(A)(i). Timeliness in a criminal case is not jurisdictional: but when the
government raises the issues of timeliness, we must enforce it. See Lopez, 562
F.3d at 1312-13. Here, Hunt delivered his notice of appeal to prison authorities on
28 January 2016 -- well past the 14-day requirement. Therefore, we dismiss his
appeal, on the district court’s November 2015 order, as untimely.
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II.
Hunt also argues that the district court erred in denying his third motion --
basically a duplication of his earlier efforts -- for a reduced sentence, filed under 18
U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2), pursuant to Amendment 599 of the sentencing guidelines. He
asserts that he is impermissibly subject to a five-year increase in his sentence
because he received a five-year enhancement to his maximum term of
imprisonment for bank robbery for using a firearm and he received a five-year
consecutive sentence under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c), for the same firearm conduct.
Hunt argues that this is the same kind of double-counting prohibited under
Amendment 599. Hunt also notes that his career offender guideline level was
determined, in part, by the statutory maximum for armed bank robbery and
contends that he was impermissibly sentenced above the maximum sentence
permitted for that offense.
We review de novo a district court’s legal conclusions about the Sentencing
Guidelines and the scope of its authority under 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2). Davis, 587
F.3d at 1303. Under § 3582(c)(2), a district court may reduce the prison sentence
of a “defendant who has been sentenced to a term of imprisonment based on a
sentencing range that has subsequently been lowered by the Sentencing
Commission.” 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2); see also U.S.S.G. § 1B1.10(a)(1). “The
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purpose of § 3582(c)(2) is to give a defendant the benefit of a retroactively
applicable amendment to the guidelines.” United States v. Liberse, 688 F.3d 1198,
1201 (11th Cir. 2012) (quotation omitted). Still, because a § 3582(c)(2)
proceeding is not a de novo resentencing, “all original sentencing determinations
remain unchanged with the sole exception of the guideline range that has been
amended since the original sentencing.” United States v. Bravo, 203 F.3d 778, 781
(11th Cir. 2000) (emphasis in original).
“The grounds upon which a district court may reduce a defendant’s sentence
pursuant to § 3582(c)(2) are quite narrow.” United States v. Berry, 701 F.3d 374,
376 (11th Cir. 2012). For a defendant to be eligible for such a reduction, the
Sentencing Commission must have amended the Sentencing Guidelines, that
amendment must have lowered the defendant’s sentencing range, and the
amendment must also be listed in U.S.S.G. § 1B1.10(d). See 18 U.S.C.
§ 3582(c)(2); U.S.S.G. § 1B1.10(a)(1) & comment. (n.1(A)). But a reduction
under § 3582(c)(2) is not authorized if an amendment does not lower the applicable
guideline range because of the operation of another guideline or statutory
provision. U.S.S.G. 1B1.10, comment. (n.1(A)).
Amendment 599 may serve, when applicable, as the basis for a sentence
reduction. See U.S.S.G. § 1B.10(d). Amendment 599 took effect on November 1,
2000. U.S.S.G. App. C, Amend. 599. Amendment 599 provides, in pertinent part,
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that where a defendant is convicted of an 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) offense for using a
firearm during and in relation to a crime of violence or a drug trafficking crime, the
defendant cannot also receive a base offense level guideline enhancement in the
underlying offense for his use of a firearm during the commission of that offense.
Id.; see also United States v. Brown, 332 F.3d 1341, 1344–45 (11th Cir. 2003).
“Amendment 599 was enacted in order to clarify under what circumstances a
weapons enhancement may properly be applied to an underlying offense,” when a
defendant was also convicted under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c); and it was adopted to
prevent duplicative punishment for the use of firearms in one criminal event.
United States v. Pringle, 350 F.3d 1172, 1179-80 (11th Cir. 2003).
The district court was correct in concluding that Amendment 599 was
inapplicable to Hunt because the Amendment did not lower Hunt’s guideline
range. Amendment 599 applies to sentencing guidelines enhancements and does
not impact on a statutorily enhanced maximum sentence. See U.S.S.G. App. C,
Amend. 599. Hunt was sentenced as a career offender and did not receive a
weapons guidelines enhancement that would be impacted by Amendment 599. See
id. Amendment 599 did not give the district court discretion to determine whether
a maximum sentence was incorrectly decided, because maximum sentences are not
amended guideline ranges and § 3582(c)(2) proceedings are not de novo
resentencing hearings. See 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2); see also Bravo, 203 F.3d at
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781. The district court lacked the discretion to reconsider Hunt’s maximum
sentence or whether Hunt’s consecutive sentence under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)
constituted impermissible double-counting. Id. Therefore, we affirm the denial.
DISMISSED IN PART, AFFIRMED IN PART.
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