Agustin Torres Gonzalez v. Steven Hahl ( 2021 )


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  • 20-1415
    Agustin Torres Gonzalez v. Steven Hahl, et al.
    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
    FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
    SUMMARY ORDER
    RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A
    SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED
    BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1.
    WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY
    MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE
    NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY
    OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
    At a stated Term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the
    Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York on the
    21st day of June, two thousand twenty one.
    Present:         ROSEMARY S. POOLER,
    REENA RAGGI,
    SUSAN L. CARNEY,
    Circuit Judges.
    _____________________________________________________
    AGUSTIN TORRES GONZALEZ,
    Plaintiff-Appellant,
    v.                                                   20-1415-cv
    STEVEN HAHL, NEW YORK STATE POLICE INVESTIGATOR,
    INDIVIDUALLY AKA STEPHEN HAHL, COUNTY OF DELAWARE,
    CYNTHIA L. BOGDAN-CUMPSTON,
    Defendants-Appellees. 1
    _____________________________________________________
    Appearing for Appellant:           Jonathan S. Follender, Arkville, N.Y.
    Appearing for Appellees:           Beezly J. Kiernan, Assistant Solicitor General (Barbara D.
    Underwood, Solicitor General, Victor Paladino, Senior Assistant
    Solicitor General, Jeffrey W. Lang, Deputy Solicitor General, on
    1
    The Clerk of Court is directed to amend the caption as above.
    the brief), for Letitia James, Attorney General for the State of New
    York, Albany, N.Y., for Steven Hahl.
    Charles C. Spagnoli, The Law Firm of Frank W. Miller (Frank W.
    Miller, on the brief), East Syracuse, N.Y., for County of Delaware
    and Cynthia L. Bogdan-Cumpston.
    Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York
    (Mordue, J.; Kahn, J.).
    ON CONSIDERATION WHEREOF, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED,
    AND DECREED that the judgment of said District Court be and it hereby is AFFIRMED.
    Agustin Torres Gonzalez appeals from the March 31, 2020 judgment of the United States
    District Court for the Northern District of New York (Mordue, J.), granting an award of
    summary judgment to Steven Hahl on Gonzalez’s claims of false arrest and malicious
    prosecution. Gonzalez also appeals the December 4, 2017 order (Kahn, J.) dismissing his claims
    against the County of Delaware and child protective services caseworker Cynthia L. Bogdan-
    Cumpston. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts, procedural history, and
    specification of issues for review.
    “We review the grant of a motion for summary judgment de novo, drawing all inferences
    in the light most favorable to the non-moving party.” Singer v. Fulton Cnty. Sheriff, 
    63 F.3d 110
    ,
    114 (2d Cir. 1995). “We [also] review a district court’s grant of a motion to dismiss under Rule
    12(b)(6) de novo.” Hernandez v. United States, 
    939 F.3d 191
    , 198 (2d Cir. 2019).
    “[T]he elements of an action for malicious prosecution are (1) the initiation of a
    proceeding, (2) its termination favorably to plaintiff, (3) lack of probable cause, and (4) malice.”
    Savino v. City of New York, 
    331 F.3d 63
    , 72 (2d Cir. 2003) (alteration and internal quotation
    marks omitted). As for “a claim for false arrest . . . , a plaintiff must show that (1) the defendant
    intended to confine the plaintiff, (2) the plaintiff was conscious of the confinement, (3) the
    plaintiff did not consent to the confinement, and (4) the confinement was not otherwise
    privileged.” 
    Id. at 75
     (internal quotation marks omitted). “If there was probable cause for the
    arrest, then a false arrest claim will fail.” Boyd v. City of New York, 
    336 F.3d 72
    , 75 (2d Cir.
    2003). Because the existence of probable cause defeats both causes of action, “[t]he pivotal issue
    in the present case is the presence, or absence, of probable cause for both the arrest and
    subsequent prosecution.” 
    Id.
     Liability for the state torts also gives rise to liability under 
    42 U.S.C. § 1983
    , so to the extent Gonzalez seeks to allege both, the analysis is identical. See Boyd,
    
    336 F.3d at 75
     (recognizing elements of the claims under Section 1983 and New York state law
    are “substantially the same” (internal quotation marks omitted)).
    Probable cause “exists when the authorities have knowledge or reasonably trustworthy
    information sufficient to warrant a person of reasonable caution in the belief that an offense has
    been committed by the person to be arrested.” 
    Id. at 75-76
     (internal quotation marks omitted). It
    “does not require absolute certainty.” 
    Id. at 76
    . Whether probable cause exists is usually a
    question of law properly determined by a court. Walczyk v. Rio, 
    496 F.3d 139
    , 157 (2d Cir.
    2
    2007). Nevertheless, where there is factual dispute about the events giving rise to probable cause,
    the case should proceed to a jury. See Boyd, 
    336 F.3d at 77-78
     (reversing in part where the
    timing of the plaintiff’s incriminating statement was in dispute and would affect whether
    probable cause existed at the time of his arrest).
    We need not here decide whether Gonzalez’s arrest was supported by probable cause
    because even if it was not, we conclude that arguable probable cause supported qualified
    immunity and, therefore, the award of summary judgment to Hahl. Our precedent instructs that
    when “police officers of reasonable competence could disagree as to whether there was probable
    cause, there is arguable probable cause sufficient to warrant qualified immunity for the defendant
    officers.” Boyd, 
    336 F.3d at 76
     (internal quotation marks omitted). Moreover, when police
    officers “reasonably but mistakenly concluded that probable cause existed, the officer is
    nonetheless entitled to qualified immunity.” Caldarola v. Calabrese, 
    298 F.3d 156
    , 162 (2d Cir.
    2002). Here, Hahl knew that I.T. told Bogdan-Cumpston over the course of two interviews that
    Gonzalez had touched her crotch while they were alone at home together; and that Gonzalez told
    Hahl that he had probably incidentally touched I.T. in inappropriate areas a few times, although
    he repeatedly denied having sexual or improper intent. In these circumstances, whatever other
    concerns might be raised as to actual probable cause, we cannot conclude that no reasonable
    police officer could think probable cause supported arrest.
    Nor did the district court exceed its discretion by denying Gonzalez’s cross-motion to
    amend his complaint. The court had already addressed and dismissed his proposed theory of
    dissipating probable cause. See Milanese v. Rust-Oleum Corp., 
    244 F.3d 104
    , 110 (2d Cir. 2001)
    (explaining that, at summary judgment, a court may deny a cross-motion to amend as futile when
    the evidence in support of the plaintiff’s proposed modification “creates no triable issue of fact
    and the defendant would be entitled to judgment as a matter of law”).
    As for the claims against Bogdan-Cumpston and the County of Delaware, the district
    court did not err in dismissing them pursuant to Federal Rule 12(b)(6). The municipal claims fail
    because Gonzalez’s complaint does not plausibly allege that a “policy or custom” was “the
    moving force behind” Gonzalez’s arrest and prosecution. Agosto v. N.Y.C. Dep’t of Educ., 
    982 F.3d 86
    , 97-98 (2d Cir. 2020) (internal quotation marks omitted). The false arrest claim against
    Bogdan-Cumpston fails because the complaint does not plausibly allege that she “took an active
    role in the arrest of [Gonzalez], such as giving advice and encouragement or importuning the
    authorities to act, and that [she] intended to confine [Gonzalez].” Lowmack v. Eckerd Corp., 
    757 N.Y.S.2d 406
    , 408 (4th Dep’t 2003) (citation, brackets, and internal quotation marks omitted);
    see also Raysor v. Port Auth. of N.Y. & N.J., 
    768 F.2d 34
    , 39 (2d Cir. 1985) (explaining that false
    arrest claims against non-police defendant require an “unequivocal complaint or request to
    arrest”). The malicious prosecution claim fails for similar reasons. The complaint does not
    plausibly allege that Bogdan-Cumpston “play[ed] an active role in the prosecution, such as
    giving advice and encouragement or importuning the authorities to act.” Manganiello v. City of
    New York, 
    612 F.3d 149
    , 163 (2d Cir. 2010) (internal quotation marks omitted). She merely
    reported a possible crime to the authorities based on I.T.’s statements to her and played no role in
    the subsequent investigation or charging decision. This is insufficient to support a malicious
    prosecution claim. See 
    id.
    3
    We have considered the remainder of Gonzalez’s arguments and find them to be without
    merit. Accordingly, the judgment of the district court hereby is AFFIRMED.
    FOR THE COURT:
    Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk
    4