Isidro Pena-Mier v. Merrick Garland ( 2022 )


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  •                               NOT FOR PUBLICATION                        FILED
    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        JAN 13 2022
    MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
    U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
    FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
    ISIDRO PENA-MIER,                                No.   19-73072
    Petitioner,                      Agency No. A092-823-175
    v.
    MEMORANDUM*
    MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
    General,
    Respondent.
    On Petition for Review of an Order of the
    Board of Immigration Appeals
    Submitted January 11, 2022**
    Pasadena, California
    Before: CLIFTON, M. SMITH, and WATFORD, Circuit Judges.
    Isidro Pena-Mier, a native and citizen of Mexico, petitions for review of an
    order of the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) dismissing his appeal from the
    decision of an immigration judge (IJ) denying his application for deferral of
    removal under the Convention Against Torture (CAT). We deny the petition.
    *
    This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
    except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
    **
    The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
    without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
    Page 2 of 5
    1. Pena first contends that the BIA erred in affirming the IJ’s finding that
    Pena’s 2004 beating at the hands of four police officers in Mexicali did not amount
    to past torture. Torture is defined under the CAT regulations as “an extreme form
    of cruel and inhuman treatment.” 
    8 C.F.R. § 1208.18
    (a)(2). Pena suffered several
    broken bones and spent three or four weeks recovering at the home of a stranger,
    but he never sought treatment from a medical professional. As the IJ noted, the
    police officers’ conduct was abhorrent, but the evidence does not compel a finding
    that it amounted to torture. See Kumar v. Gonzales, 
    444 F.3d 1043
    , 1055–56 (9th
    Cir. 2006) (upholding the IJ’s finding that a petitioner who was detained and
    physically abused by police for a month did not suffer past torture).
    Pena also notes that the IJ failed to acknowledge his contact with cartel
    members after the attack. However, the BIA correctly concluded that this error
    was not material to the issue of past torture. The cartel members did not harm
    Pena, and there is no suggestion that they threatened him with imminent death, as
    required to establish torture under these circumstances. See 
    8 C.F.R. § 1208.18
    (a)(4)(iii).
    2. The BIA correctly upheld the IJ’s finding that Pena did not establish that
    he was more likely than not to be tortured if returned to Mexico. The country
    conditions reports and the testimony of Pena’s expert show widespread cartel
    violence with the involvement or acquiescence of public officials. While this
    Page 3 of 5
    evidence suggests that Pena could be identified as a former gang member based on
    his tattoos and that cartels sometimes target former gang members for recruitment,
    it does not compel the conclusion that he would be identified, targeted for
    recruitment, and killed because of his refusal to join.
    Pena contends that he was targeted by police officers in 2004 because of his
    gang-related tattoos and that he would once again be targeted on this basis if
    returned to Mexico. However, the IJ’s contrary finding—that the attack was
    random and unrelated to his gang membership—is supported by substantial
    evidence.
    Because Pena did not establish that he had suffered past torture or been
    targeted based on his gang affiliation, the BIA properly concluded that the IJ’s
    failure to consider his subsequent contact with cartel members was not material to
    his likelihood of future torture. The BIA also correctly held that the IJ’s error in
    misconstruing Pena’s testimony regarding his gang-related tattoos was harmless.
    The IJ analyzed Pena’s claim on the assumption that he did have gang-related
    tattoos, and she found him otherwise credible.
    3. Pena argues that the IJ abused her discretion by affording diminished
    weight to Dr. Farfan-Mendez’s testimony. Contrary to the IJ’s finding, Dr. Farfan-
    Mendez’s answers to some of the government’s questions—such as her refusal to
    estimate what specific percentage of Mexican police officers are corrupt and her
    Page 4 of 5
    inability to empirically evaluate whether the Mexican government is “trying its
    best”—were not evasive. Nonetheless, the IJ’s decision to give limited weight to
    Dr. Farfan-Mendez’s testimony was not an abuse of discretion. The IJ accepted
    Dr. Farfan-Mendez’s central contentions when she found that “the evidence does
    set forth a persuasive case that the Mexican police at every level have engaged in,
    or acquiesced to, torture and extrajudicial killings.” But the IJ has broad discretion
    in weighing evidence, and here she permissibly exercised this discretion by
    refusing to accept the expert’s conclusory assertion that Pena would be identified
    by cartels and killed if he were returned to Mexico. See Aguilar-Ramos v. Holder,
    
    594 F.3d 701
    , 706 n.7 (9th Cir. 2010).
    4. Pena asserts two final grounds for reversal. First, he contends that the IJ
    misconstrued his testimony as vague and failed to consider his more specific
    statements regarding the police attack and his contact with the cartels. Second, he
    argues that the BIA violated his due process rights by failing to explain its
    discounting of Dr. Farfan-Mendez’s testimony and by failing to consider Pena’s
    arguments and documentary evidence. These claims are without merit. The IJ
    acknowledged Pena’s fear that he would be targeted as a former gang member, and
    her characterization of Pena’s testimony is borne out by the record. The BIA
    likewise provided a reasoned explanation for its decision, and there is no indication
    that it failed to consider any of Pena’s arguments or evidence. See Almaghzar v.
    Page 5 of 5
    Gonzales, 
    457 F.3d 915
    , 922 (9th Cir. 2006).
    PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED.
    

Document Info

Docket Number: 19-73072

Filed Date: 1/13/2022

Precedential Status: Non-Precedential

Modified Date: 1/13/2022