McMurray v. Basnett , 18 Fla. 609 ( 1882 )

Mr. Justice Van Valkenburgh:

delivered the opinion of the court.

In April, 1881, Arthur D. Basnett and wife brought suit against the appellants, McMurray and Brittain, proprietors and keepers of a livery, feed and sale stable in the City of Jacksonville, to recovér damages alleged to have been sustained by them by reason of the improper manner of their taking charge of a certain mare left in their care for keeping.

The declaration alleges that the-plaintiff, Mary H. Basnett, was the owner of a certain mare of great value, which was a gift to her from her husband, Arthur D. ; that such mare was purchased by the hiisband from McMurray' & Brittain for a family horse, and for the especial use of his said wife to drive' in harness, and was highly prized by the plaintiffs, and particularly so by the said Mary H., for her gentleness and other good and serviceable qualities, as well as on account as having been a gift from her, husband, all of which was well known to the defendants; that defendants were proprietors and keepers of a livery, feed and sale stable, and as such took and received into their stable the mare, to be kept and cared for, for a reward to be paid to them by the plaintiffs; that while the mare was so in their custody and keeping the defendants wrongfully caused her to be covered by a stallion and to be got with foal, by reason whereof the mare was rendered unfit for the use for which she was purchased, and her services wholly lost to plaintiffs for four months, and the market value of the mare was depreciated in the sum of two hundred dollars, and that plaintiffs have been greatly outraged in their feelings and otherwise damaged. The declaration contains five counts. . - ■

To this the defendants plead; first, not guilty; second, that the mare was put to the stallion with the consent of the plaintiff, Arthur D. Basnett, and • that she was not thereby damaged or depreciated in-value; third, that plaintiffs were not deprived of her use .by reason of her having been put to the staljion, but by reason of her having. contracted the epizootic. These pleas are sworn to by both of the defendants.

The issue was tried before a jury in May, 1881, and they found for the plaintiffs, and assessed their damages at t,wo hundred and fifteen dollars.

Counsel for the, defendants then moved for anew .trial upon the grounds— . . , , ....

.1st, The verdict is contrary to the'¡weight of evidence.

¿2d.. The verdict, is cpntrary to law.

3d...The damages are excessive,./

4th. The.jury arrived at their verdict by chance.

In support of the fourth ground of the motion for a new trial the counsel introduced an affidavit of Luther Mc-Cónihe, one of the jurors who heard the trial of said, cause, in which he swears “ that after the jury retired to consider the case that there was a difference of opinion among'them as to’ the amount for which a verdict should’ be returned ;• that to obviate this difficulty they, the jurors, by agreement among themselves, were severally- to mark on a. paper such’ amount as they respectively saw fit, and the quotient of the sum of these amounts, divided by the number of the-jurors, was.to be their verdict.; that this agreement was actually carried out, and that the verdict rendered by,, them was reached in’this way.”

The court, upon argument of the motion, ordered that the affidavit of McOonihe be ruled out as inadmissible, and denied the motion for new trial; whereupon the counsel for defendants excepted to such rulings. .1

Judgment was then enteréd upon such 'verdict.

The errors assigned are as follows :

First. The court erred in overruling the appellants’ motion for a new trial:

1. Because the verdict was contrary to the evidence and the law.

2. Because the damages are excessive and not warranted by the evidence.

Second. In giving the first charge asked by the plaintiffs in the court below.

Third. The court erred in refusing to give the first charge asked by the. defendants. .....

Fourth. The court erred in giving the fourth charge asked by the plaintiffs.

Fifth. In refusing to set aside the verdict on the ground that it was arrived at by chance.

The first error assigned is, that the court erred, in’ overruling appellants'’ motion for a new-’ trial for the reason-— first, that the verdict \yas. contrary to the evidence and the law,, and second, because the damages are excessive and .not warranted by the evidence.

• ,The evidence in this case is conflicting. Arthur'D. Basnett, one of the plaintiffs, testified that the defendants, Me-’ Murray & Brittain, were co-partners, in keeping a stable, ; that he .purchased the mare from them as a wedding gift to his wifé ; .that he also boúght a phgeton to go .with the mare as a gift; that when he purchased the mare it was-understood that she was to he kept at the defendants.’ stable, and that he paid-them twenty dollars', per month to take' care of the mare and phaeton; that the turnout was subject to his wife’s order every day, and that he never drove the mare without her permission; that he'never gave.either- of the defendants permission to- put the mare to the stallion ; that McMurray frequently asked permission to put her to the stallion, and that he refused to give such permission; that on one occasion, between 19th of June and 8d of July, the question of the mare being a fine mare was raised; that McMurrray said, “ yes, that he was going to allow him to put a fine stallion to the mare and give him the colt;” that he made some reply in jest; that next morning he went back to the stable to tell them that it must not be done, and McMurray said it had not been done; that shortly afterwards his suspicions were aroused, and he asked McMurray and Brittain if the mare had been put to the stallion, and they both denied it. In November the mare was taken sick, and remained ill during November and December; that it was not until about the 20th of January, 1881, he was fully convinced that the mare was with foal; that his wife was in the habit of driving the mare regularly, and was very fond of. driving ; that she was made a great pet of by his wife; that his wife would drive on the, road and get out and walk to gather flowers', and the mare would follow her; that he valued the mare at two hundred dollars, and' that the damages to plaintiffs was three hundred dollars ; that he had tried to make a trade with the defendants of this mare for one of their horses, but after trying some of. them he told McMurray that their mare (Lady) suited them very well; that subsequently McMurray told him the mare was with foal; that he then sent the mare to McGrinniss’, stable and had her sold. The foal was dropped early in March.

Solomon Harris, .a witness on the part of the plaintiffs, testified that he worked for the defendants, curried and watered the mare, and that when she was sick she had the epizootic ; that when the colt was dropped it was weak and small. The mare would not let it suck; that it took two to hold the mare and help the colt nurse; that he slept with the colt and kept it covered with a blanket, to try and keep it alive, but it died.

On the. part of the defendants, Thomas McMurray testified that from the time the colt was dropped he judged she was foaled between 8th day of April and August;, that Basnett frequently tried to trade the mare to defendants and to others; that Basnett and his wife drove different horses of defendants with a view to trading, but did not, because defendants asked too much for their horses ; that the mare was vicious and ugly, and Mrs. B. frequently became disgusted with her, and said when driving her she would not give a cent for her life. The mare was put to the stallion with Mr. B.’s permission; that he put her the same day the permission was given. It was same conversation testified to by Mr. B. ; that he never denied to Mr. B. putting the mare to the stallion ; that he always said he did not know whether she was with foal; that defendants now own the mare, bought her from Mr. McGrinniss for one hundred and thirty-two dollars and fifty cents ; that she is as valuable as she ever was; that when she was sick she had the epizootic. Her going to the stallion had nothing to do with her sickness; that they had her throat lanced; that at the time the stallion was put to her her market value was not over one hundred and thirty-two dollars and fifty cents ; that he thought the :colt came prematurely, because it was weak and poor,.and had but little life. The mare was vicious, would not' let the colt suck, except with great trouble and when she was héld by two men..

George M. Brittain, one of the defendants, testified that he heard McMurray ask Basnett if he was willing to let him put the mare to the stallion and he (McMurray) have the colt; that Basnett consented; that this was in the conversation testified to by both Basnett and McMurray ; that both plaintiffs were dissatisfied with the mare and wanted to trade her. The market value of the mare was $125 or $180. She is still a little affected by the epizootic.

J. W- Burton testified that a mare-is.not-injured by having" a colt; that a mare with foal can be used without injury, she can be driven tip to two weeks of the time that she drops her colt; that when with foal more care has to be exercised With them.

J; D. Fernandez testified' that Mr. Basnett was disgusted with the inare, and Wanted to trade her; that a mare goes eleven months before dropping her colt.

Upon this evidence the jury-found their verdict for the plaintiffs, and assessed their damages. "We cannot doubt the right of the appellees to recover if the proof makes out the' case set up in their declaration.

The question of the loss and injury was particularly within the province of the jury, and they were empaneled to determine it/ This court has frequently said that it will not set aside a-verdict as against the weight 'of evidence, where such evidence is so contradictory as to make it the duty of the "jury' to decide upon the' credibility of the witnesses, although such evidence seems to preponderate against the • finding of the jury, unless there is “ ground for the belief that the jury acted through prejudice, passion, mistake, or any other cause which should not properly control them.” In this case, the evidence was conflict? ing; it was the duty of the jury to weigh it, to harmonize it if possible, to judge of the credibility of the witnesses as they appeared upon the stand and gave their evidence, and from all the circumstances which surrounded the case to consider and determine upon their verdict. The court also, in the exercise and discharge of its duties, had the same opportunity of observing the witnesses and judging of the truth as was given to the jury; and in denying the motion for a new trial, has concurred with the jury in the-verdict which they rendered.

This court says, in the case of Schultz vs. Pacific Ins. Co., 14 Fla., 73: “ It should be a very plain case to justify an-appellate court in setting aside this concurrent conclusion of both court and jury, upon the ground that their action was contrary to the evidence or weight of evidence.” We have here not only the finding of the jury upon the facts as they were presented to them, but also the judgment of the court that the verdict so rendered was just and proper. (Tall. R. R. Co., 8 Fla., 299; Pen. & Ga. R. R. Co. vs. Nash, 12 Fla., 497; Wilson vs. Dibble, 14 Fla., 47; Nichols & Gautier vs. Mooring, 16 Fla., 76; Coker vs. Merritt, 16 Fla., 416; Sherman vs. The State, 17 Fla., 888.) This court has decided this point so often that it has become a little monotonous.

The appellants, however, claim that, the damages are excessive, and therefore the court should have granted a new trial. The same reasons apply why this court should not interfere upon that- ground as upon the ground that the verdict is against the weight of .evidence. The only proof directly upon the subject of damages, and in which the amount is named, is that of Basnett, who testifies that they -were three hundred dollars. From the other proof the jury would have been justified in rendering a smaller verdict if they had seen fit to do so ; and we cannot say, but that from the evidence as it appears to ns upon the record, we should -have been better satisfied .with a verdict for a less amount of damages. • As is .well said in Tallahassee R. R. Co. vs. Macon, 8 Fla., 299, it is not for this court, “ after verdict, to measure precisely-the degree of, weight which, each particular statement of fact must perforce have on the mind of a jury, and, striking a balance between the twh, to set aside .the verdict or render judgment as the balance may fall on one side or the other. To carry the rule for granting new trials t,hus far would be to invade the province of the jury.” In the .case of The Indianapolis Sun Co. vs. Horrell, 53 Ind., 527, the court say “ the judgment of the jury, not of the court, is to determine the just measure of damages; but it must be their judgment, .unbiased by prejudice, uninfluenced by corruption or undue means.” In Crose vs. Rutledge, 81 Ill., 266, which was an action for the seduction of plaintiff’s wife, where the proof showed that the plaintiff was of low character, the court say, “ As to. the damages, we think, considering the character of the plaintiff as developed by the testimony, he was not in a position to demand and receive from a jury so large an amount, .but we cannot say it is so excessive as to inspire a belief it was the result of passion- or prejudice or partiality.”

In Solen vs. V. and T. R. R. Co., 13 Nev., 106, upon this question of excessive damages the court, in their opinion, say: “ There being no absolute fixed legal rule of compensation, appellate courts ought not interfere with the verdict unless it clearly appears that there has been such a mistake of the principles upon which the damages were estimated, or some improper motive or bias indicating passion or prejudice upon the part of the jury. The amount of the verdict, although perhaps greater than we would have given, is not, in our opinion, inconsistent with the exercise of an honest judgment upon the part of the jury, whose special province it was to determine this question.”

In the case of Kiff vs. Youmans, 20 Hun. N. Y., S. C., 123, the court say: “Again, the defendant insists that the verdict was excessive. While the general term has a right to review the motion for a new trial upon this ground, it must be admitted that the judge who- tried the case is better qualified to form a correct opinion. All witnesses look alike on paper. The question of as to who should be believed, in case of conflicting evidence, is better decided by the jury and by the judge who presided at the trial. * * As long as the system of jury trials is maintained, the courts' should only interfere in cases where the verdict shows prejudice or passion or the like.”

In Worster vs. The Proprietor of the Canal Bridge, in 16 Pickering, 541, the court use this language: “We are of opinion that the damages assessed are not so excessive and unreasonable as to warrant the interference of the court in a matter which is peculiarly within the province of the jury. In all cases where there is no rule of law regulating the assessment of damages, and the amount does not depend on computation, the judgment of the jury, and not the opinion of the court, is to govern, unless the damages are so excessive as to warrant the belief that the jury must have been influenced by partiality or prejudice, or have been misled by some mistaken view of the merits of the case. * * * We do not- consider whether or not we should have assessed the same amount of damages if the case had been submitted to the court to decide, for in a case like the present men of sound judgment may differ noth little in estimating the compensation'which the'circumstances óf the injury would justify; and-it is the judgment of the jury, and not that of the court, which -must govern.; To justify-the interposition Of the court- the damages, must be mánifestly exorbitant.” - • '

In the case of Miss. C. R. R. Co. vs. Carruth, 51 Miss., 77, the court, in its opinion, lays down the following rules : “ It was urged on the motion for a’ new trial that the damages found by the jury were excessive. The rule oh this subject is, that in actions sounding in damages, where the law furnishes no legal rule of measurement save’the’disere-tion of the jury upon the evidence before them,-courts will not disturb the verdict upon the ground of excessive damages, unless it be so flagrantly improper as to evince passionj prejudice, partiality’ or corruption in the jury, upon mere matter of damages, where diffei’ent minds might and probably would arrive at different results, and nothing ixiconl sistent with an honest exercise of judgment appears, the verdict should be left as the jury found it.” See also 25 Cal., 461; 23 Wis., 195.

- The second error assigned is that the court erred in -giving the instructions first asked by the appellees, which is in the following language: “ If'the' jury are satisfied from the evidence in this case that the mare, the subject-matter in this suit,-was put to a stallion by defendant, McMixrray, then the burden is upon each defendant to show to the satisfaction of the jury that such putting -was done by the consent of the plaintiffs.”

The mare was purchased by Basnett of the appellants as a gift to his wife, who was found of di’-iviixg, and did so regularly. She was made a great pet of by her owner.

The appellants kept a livery and sale stable, and, at the time of the purchase of the mare of them, it was the understanding between them and Basnett that they were to keep and care for her, for which care and attention Basnett yras to, and did, pay them a stipulated sum per month. The object of the purchase was to furnish Mrs. B. the means of driving daily if she desired.

These facts the appellants well understood, and they were bound to take such care of the mare as would keep her in condition to be used by her owner in the manner desired. The appellees claim that the appellants have not kept her in such condition, but that, by their wrongful act, they have rendered her unfit for the service for which she was purchased. They bring this action to recover their damages for thus failing to take such care of her as they promised and agreed when Basnett purchased the mare of them. In the light of these facts we cannot see .how there was error iti this charge of the Judge.

The act of one of the appellants is the act of both, and the consent, if given by Basnett to one, would justify them in what they did. The language of the Judge in his ruling is that “ the burden is upon each defendant to show,” &c. This may be a clerical error in the record, but it can make no material difference, as it could not have misled the jury. Had it been “ such defendants,” or “ the defendants,” the result must have been the same, as we think the act of one of these parties in this case bound the other. It was a wrongful breach of the contract made between the parties at the time of the purchase of the mare. Story on Part., §166; Linton vs. Hunley, 14 Gray, 191; Craker vs. Chicago and N. W. R. R. Co., 36 Wis., 657; Loomis vs. Barker, 69 Ill., 360; DuVant vs. Rogers, 87 Ill., 508; Chitty’s Pleadings, 92.

The third error assigned by the appellants is sufficiently answered by what we have said in reference to the second assigned error. If the partners were liable to the appellees for the wrongful act done, then the court did not err in refusing to charge as requested by the appellants.

. The fourth error assigned is to a' portion of the charge of the court in which we can see no error. The co-Uit charges in effect that, in considering the proof in regard to the consent said to have been given by Basnett, that direct and circumstantial evidence is entitled to greater weight than that which is uncertain and indefinite ; and, further, that in determining the question of consent the jury must look to the period when the colt was dropped, and regard the period of gestation as circumstances tending to show when the horse was put to the mare. The whole charge seems to have presented the case fairly to the jury, and had' no tendency to mislead them in forming their opinion.

The fifth and last error assigned is in refusing to set aside the verdict upon the ground' that it was arrived at by chance. To support the motion for a new trial upon this ground the appellants introduced and relied upon an affidavit made by one of the jurors who tried the cause. This affidavit the court very properly ruled out for the reason that a juror could not be heard upon what transpired within the jury room, especially to prove any irregularities upon the part of such jury. In the ease of Godwin vs. Bryan, 16 Fla., 396, this court has said that “ the prevailing rule of law is that the affidavits of jurors, as to their conduct and deliberations in the jury room, are not received for the purpose of impeaching their verdict.” In Coker & Scheiffer vs. Hays, 16 Fla., 368, this court also say: “ The oath of a juror is not admissible to impeach his verdict.”. This is the-rule as adopted in this State, and which also prevails in many other States, therefore there was no error in refusing to consider the affidavit of the juror as to. their “ conduct and deliberations in the jury room.” The affidavit of a juror is not admissible to impeach his verdict on a motion for a new trial. Reed vs. Thompson, 88 Ill., 245; C. & O. R. R. Co. vs. Patton, 9 W. V., 648; State Lou. vs. Fruge, 28 Lou. Ann., 657; Stanley vs. Sutherland, 54 Ind., 339; Lucas vs. Cannon, 13 Bush (Ky.), 650; State vs. Pike, 65 Maine, 111. In Woodward vs. Leavitt, 107 Mass., 453, this-question of the admission of the affidavits of jurors to impeach their verdict is very fully discussed, and the conclusion arrived at is the same as in the cases above cited.

- Judgment affirmed.