Ellison v. Texas Liquor Control Board , 154 S.W.2d 322 ( 1941 )

CODY, Justice.

This suit was brought by appellants, plaintiffs below, to have declared unconstitutional, and to restrain the enforcement of the provisions of, House Bill No. 373 enacted by the Forty-Seventh Legislature, Vernon’s Ann.P.C. art 666 — IS (11, 18, 19). The suit was brought as a class suit for and on behalf of druggists in dry areas holding permits under the Texas Liquor Control Act, before the passage- of House Bill No.373, to sell liquor for medicinal purposes, and for physicians. The Red Arrow Freight Lines, Inc., a common , carrier, intervened in the suit attacking the provisions of House Bill No. 373 as unconstitutional which makes it unlawful for a carrier to hold or store liquor consigned to the holder of a medicinal permit for a longer period than seventy-two hours; the suit was brought against ap-pellees, which include all law enforcement officers of the State as well as the Texas Liquor Control Board, its administrator and agents. The court below granted a temporary restraining order against the enforcement of the act, and thereafter the case was tried in the district court of Walker County before the Honorable Max Rogers, Judge thereof, who invited to sit and consult with him at the hearing the Honorable Charles G. Dibrell and Lex Smith, District Judges. The court rendered judgment for appellees, and the judgment shows that the temporary restraining order theretofore granted had expired by its own terms. The plaintiffs and inter-venor have duly perfected their appeals to-this Court. A temporary restraining order was by this court, on July 14, 1941, granted against the enforcement of the act during the pendency of the appeal.

The validity of the statute is attacked on these grounds: (1) That the act is an amendment of Section IS, Article 1, of the Texas Liquor Control Act, but, appellants contend, the Legislature failed to re-enact and publish at length the amended section as required by the Constitution; (2) that the caption of the act is misleading and deceptive and not germane to the subject thereof; (3) that the bill in the form in which it was signed by the Governor was not actually passed by both houses of the Legislature as required by the Constitution ; (4) that .the Legislature was without power to pass an act in the guise of a regulatory measure which imposes upon the people in dry areas more onerous burdens, penalties and forfeitures than existed at the time local option was adopted in such dry areas; and (5) that numerous provisions of the statute were invalid because they were unreasonable and discriminatory and deprived the plaintiffs and intervener of their constitutional and inherent rights.

It is the universal rule of construction of statutes, when their constitutionality is challenged, that they shall be construed, wherever possible and consistent with reason, so that they may be held to be constitutional. Eppstein v. State, 105 Tex. 35, 143 S.W. 144; Trustees of Independent School District v. Johnson County Democratic Executive Committee, 122 Tex, 48, 52 S.W.2d 71; Joliff v. State, 53 Tex.Cr.R. 61, 109 S.W. 176; Brown v. State, 57 Tex.Cr.R. 269, 122 S.W. 565; Joy v. City of Terrell, Tex.Civ.App., 138 S.W. 213, error refused. It will be borne in mind, without further reference in this opinion to said rule of construction, that in passing upon the points raised by this record, we are applying this rule.

The caption of the act, which appellants contend is misleading and deceptive and violative of Section 35, Article III, of the Constitution, Vernon’s Ann.St. reads: “An Act further regulating the prescribing of liquor for medicinal purposes and transportation, storage, and sale thereof, by amending Subsections (11) and (18) of Section IS, Article I, Chapter 467, Acts of the Second Called Session of the Forty-fourth Legislature, as amended by House Bill No.5, Acts of the Regular Session of the Forty-fifth Legislature, and by the addition of a new Subsection (19) to said Section 15, Article I; prescribing penalties; providing saving clause; and declaring an emergency.”

The following portions of H.B.373 are quoted to show how subsections (11), (18), and (19) are tied into the Texas Liquor Control Act:

Section 1 of H.B.373, reads, in part, as follows:

“Section 1. That Subsection (18), Section 15, Article I, Chapter 467, Acts of the Second Called Session of the Forty-fourth Legislature, as amended by House Bill No. 5, acts of the Regular Session of the Forty-fifth Legislature, be further amended so as to hereafter read as follows:

“‘(18) Medicinal Permits. The owner of a pharmacy properly qualified as a ’ pharmacy * * ”

Section 2 of H.B.373 reads, in part, as follows:

“Sec. 2. Amend Section 15, Article I, Chapter 467, Acts of the Second Called Session of the Forty-fourth Legislature, as amended by House Bill No.’5, Acts of the regular Session of the Forty-fifth Legislature, by the addition of a new subsection (19), to read as follows:

‘“(19) Physician’s Permits. A physician licensed by the State Board of Medical Examiners, authorizing the administration ⅜ * * >

“Sec. 3. Amend Subsection (11), Section 15, Article I, Chapter 467, Acts of the Second Called Session of the Forty-fourth Legislature, as amended by Blouse Bill No.5, Acts of the Regular Session of the Forty-fifth Legislature, so as to hereafter read as follows:

“‘(11) Carrier Permit. The word “carrier” when used in this Section shall mean and include water carriers, * * ”

Now when reference is had to H.B.No.5 of the Regular Session of the Forty-Fifth Legislature, Subsection (18), which it is the purpose and intention of Section 1 of H.B.373 to amend, is unmistakably identified ; and the effect of H.B.373 is to amend said subsection (18) of H:B.No.5, by substituting in its place said subsection as it stands amended in H.B.No.373. In H.B. No.5, aforesaid, the subsection (18) — which is amended by Sec. 1 of H.B.373, aforesaid — is identified, exactly as referred to in and by said H.B.373.

What has been stated with reference to subsection (18) is equally true of subsection (11).

And when we refer back to the caption or title to H.B.373 it is seen that the title states the act is one amending subsections (11) and (18) of Section 15, Article I, Chapter 467, Acts of the Second Called Session of the 44th Legislature, as amended by H.B.No-,5, Acts of the Regular Session of the 45th Legislature. It is difficult to think of language that would more clearly convey the meaning which is expressed by the words employed in said caption. We therefore overrule appellants’ contention that the act is unconstitutional because of alleged violation of Section 35, Article III, of the Constitution.

Appellants contend that the act is void because it violates Section 36, Article III of the Constitution, which reads: “No law shall be revived or amended by reference to its title; but in such case the act revived, or the section or sections amended, shall be re-enacted and published at length.”

It is not meant by this provision that every act which amends the statutory law shall set out at length the entire law as amended. Under such a rule, legislation would in many instances be impracticable. “ ‘The practice ’ which it was the purpose of the provision in question to prohibit was that of amending a statute by referring to its title, and by providing that it should be amended by adding to or striking out certain words, or by omitting certain language and inserting in lieu thereof certain other words. * * * ’ ” Snyder v. Compton, 87 Tex. 374, 28 S.W. 1061, as approved and quoted in Clark v. Finley, 93 Tex. 171, 54 S.W. 343, 345. See also 59 C.J., p. 879, § 462. And subsection (18) and subsection (11), as amended and re-enacted and published at length as a part of H.B.373, comply with the requirements of Article III, Section 36, of the Constitution; and subsections (18) and (11) are sections within the meaning of said constitutional provisions. It is for convenience, and to avoid confusion, that said “sections” are termed by the Legislature “subsections”.

It was not required by said constitutional provision, Section 36, Article III, that the Legislature re-enact and republish that portion of the Texas Liquor Control Act which is designated by the Act as Section IS thereof, simply because “subsections” (11) and (18), which were amended and re-enacted and published at length, are identified and designated as “subsections (11) and (18) of Section IS, Article I, Chapter 467, Acts of the Second Called Session of the Forty-Fourth Legislature, as amended by House Bill No-.5, Acts of the Regular Session of the Forty-fifth Legislature.” As already stated, these “subsections” are sections, and if the Texas Liquor Control Act were codified, said “subsections” should be treated and designated as “articles”. Henderson v. City of Galveston, 102 Tex. 163, 114 S.W. 108, 111, is not conflicting with the conclusions just expressed. In that case the court said: “It adds a provision to the existing section, and this, according to all authority, judicial or parliamentary, of which we know anything, is an amendment.” But, again we repeat, subsections (11) and (18), and the added subsection (19), are themselves sections. No confusion can possibly result from the fact that the Legislature did not re-enact and publish at length all of the Act which is designated as “Section IS”. Had the Legislature divided-the Act into a “Title”, “Chapters”, and “Articles”, no contention would be urged, we believe, with reference to amending subdivisions, which are equivalent to “Articles”, if the entire chapter were not re-enacted. There is no magic in words or designations. The Legislature did not violate the Constitution merely because it designated sections as “subsections”. See also Nobles v. State, 38 Tex.Cr.R. 330, 42 S.W. 978, cited in the Henderson case. Appellants’ contention that section 36, Article III, of the Constitution was violated by the enactment of H.B.No.373 is overruled.

Appellants contend that H.B.373 is unconstitutional because, they allege, it was shown by the undisputed evidence that the bill as passed by the House of Representatives and passed by the Senate with “amendments”, but the House refused to concur in such amendments; and that the bill was never returned to the Senate, and it, the Senate, did not pass the bill in its present form.

The “enrolled bill rule” is applied by the courts in Texas, which, as stated in Texas Jurisprudence, Vol. 39, p. 121, is as follows: “In the review of enactments, the Courts of Texas have long since adopted the so-called ‘enrolled bill rule’, to the effect that a duly authenticated, approved and enrolled statute imports absolute verity and is conclusive that the act was passed in every respect according to constitutional requirements. In other words, according to the settled rule an act passed by the Legislature, signed by the proper officers of each house, approved by the Governor, or passed notwithstanding, and filed in the office of the Secretary of State, constitutes a conclusive record of the passage of the act as enrolled. As against this record resort may not be had to a proclamation of the Governor, to the terms of the bill as originally introduced or amendments thereto, to the journal of the Legislature, nor to parol evidence for the purpose of impeaching or invalidating the law.” The opinion of Justice Gaines in Williams v. Taylor, 83 Tex. 667, 19 S.W. 156, make it unnecessary, in this opinion, to show why the journals of the Legislature or Senate will not be received to impeach an enrolled bill. See also King v. Terrell, Comptroller, Tex.Civ.App., 218 S. W. 42. The evidence relied upon by appellants as establishing that the bill, as passed by the House of Representatives, was passed by the Senate with amendments depends upon entries in the journals of the House. To receive such evidence would be contrary to the “enrolled bill rule”.

The requirement of the constitution, Section 38, Article III, is: “The presiding officer of each House shall, in the presence of the House over which he presides, sign all bills and joint resolutions passed by the Legislature, after their titles have been publicly read before signing; and the fact of signing shall be entered on the journals.” This requirement was complied with. The act, as it appears in the statement of facts, is duly signed by the Speaker of the House and the Lieutenant Governor, following which is this certificate by the Chief Clerk of the House: “I hereby certify that H.B.No.373 was passed by the House on March 20, 1941, by the following votes: yeas 112, nay 16.” Thereunder appears the certificate of the secretary of the Senate in these words: “I hereby certify that H.B.No.373 was passed by the Senate with amendments on April 17, 1941, by the following vote: yeas 29, nay 0; and that the Senate receded from the amendments to H.B.No.373 as shown by Senate Resolution No. 125 on May 7, 1941, by the following votes: yeas 24, nays 2.” And next thereunder, following said certificate, is the signature of the Governor in approval of the bill on May 19, 1941. And the same was then filed in the office of the Secretary of State, as is by him duly certified. H.B.No.373 is therefore duly enrolled, and recourse to the journals of the House or the Senate to impeach its validity will not be permitted. It shows upon its face that it received the required number of votes in each house. And while the Secretary of the Senate saw fit to certify with respect to the Senate’s having receded from the “amendments”, in so doing he was not discharging any constitutional duty. But if his certificate to such purport is made by him in discharge of his legal duty, it must be conclusively presumed that the Senate receded in a timely and proper way. And, as appellees state: “No evidence behind the final constitutional indicia of passage would be permitted to show that the Senate had not properly ‘receded’ from its ‘amendments’.” There are states in which the “enrolled bill rule” does not prevail. But the law in this respect in Texas is too well settled to admit of any question. We will not therefore discuss authorities to the contrary from other states. Therefore we overrule appellants’ contention that H.B.373 shows on its face that it was passed in violation of the constitution, or that it was so shown by the journals.

Section 39, Article III, of the Constitution, provides that no law, except a general appropriation act, shall go into effect until ninety days after adjournment of the session unless the case of an emergency, which must be expressed in the act, the Legislature shall by a two-thirds vote of all the members elected to each house otherwise direct; said vote to be taken by yeas and nays and entered upon the journals. As will be seen from the number of votes cast for the bill, including the emergency clause, the majority therefor was sufficient to place the act into force immediately. The court by its judgment found that the vote in question was duly entered upon the journals. The contention of appellants that the act will not be effective until ninety days after adjournment is therefore overruled.

We also overrule appellants’ contention that the Legislature in enacting H. B.373 exceeded its power by placing more onerous burdens upon the people in dry areas in violation of Article 16, Section 20 of the Constitution. Indeed, paragraph (a) of aforesaid Section 20 prohibits the open saloon, and empowers and requires the Legislature to define the term “open saloon” and enact laws against such; and empowers the Legislature to regulate the manufacture, sale, possession and transportation of intoxicating liquor.

Section 4 of H.B.373, the “saving clause” of the act, is not reasonably subject to the construction that it was the intention of the Legislature to save to appellants the privilege of possession, selling or prescribing liquor contrary to the provisions of H.B.373.

Section 3 of H.B.373, which amends subsection (11) relating to carrier permits, is not so unreasonable as to be unconstitutional and void, and does not deprive the intervenor of its property without due process of law. We have ruled above that the regulation of the liquor traffic here involved was one within the power of the Legislature to make.

We have considered the remaining contentions of appellants which present in different form contentions already herein-above ruled on. We overrule them as being without merit.

Finding no reversible error in the record, the judgment of the trial court will be affirmed, and the temporary restraining order heretofore granted by this court will be dissolved. It is so ordered.

Affirmed, temporary restraining order dissolved.