Oliver, Freddie v. Frank, Matthew J. , 222 F. App'x 517 ( 2007 )


Menu:
  •                     NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION
    To be cited only in accordance with
    Fed. R. App. P. 32.1
    United States Court of Appeals
    For the Seventh Circuit
    Chicago, Illinois 60604
    Submitted March 8, 2007*
    Decided March 9, 2007
    Before
    Hon. DANIEL A. MANION, Circuit Judge
    Hon. MICHAEL S. KANNE, Circuit Judge
    Hon. DIANE P. WOOD, Circuit Judge
    No. 06-2993
    FREDDIE OLIVER,                                 Appeal from the United States District
    Plaintiff-Appellant,                        Court for the Eastern District of
    Wisconsin.
    v.
    No. 04 C 735
    MATTHEW J. FRANK, GARY R.
    McCAUGHTRY, Warden, and MARK                    Lynn Adelman,
    CLEMENTS, Captain,                              Judge.
    Defendants-Appellees.
    ORDER
    Freddie Oliver sued several staff members of the Waupun Correctional
    Institution in Wisconsin under 
    42 U.S.C. § 1983
    , alleging that they failed to protect
    him from an attack by another inmate and then intentionally deprived him of
    information necessary to file a grievance regarding the incident. The district court
    *
    After an examination of the briefs and the record, we have concluded that oral
    argument is unnecessary. Thus, the appeal is submitted on the briefs and the record.
    See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
    No. 06-2993                                                                   Page 2
    granted the defendants’ motion for summary judgment because Oliver failed to
    exhaust his administrative remedies as required by 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). We
    affirm.
    Oliver was injured in an altercation with another inmate on March 11, 2004.
    Wisconsin inmate grievance procedures required Oliver to pursue a grievance of
    this incident and any associated failure of prison staff within 14 days. See Wis.
    Admin. Code § DOC 310.09(6). On March 16, Oliver wrote to the prison’s security
    director, Marc Clements, requesting the names of the officers on duty in Oliver’s
    area of the prison during the altercation, so that he could name the officers in his
    grievance. On March 20, Clements wrote back that Oliver could not be provided
    with that information because he was an inmate, and a family member would have
    to obtain it for him. On April 22, 28 days after the time limit to file had expired,
    Oliver filed a grievance that did not name the officers. On April 27, Oliver’s wife
    phoned Clements to obtain the names of the officers on duty. Clements told her
    that she must put her request in writing to the warden. She did so on May 1, and
    on May 11, Clements informed her that her request was denied. Clements
    purportedly told her—contradicting his earlier statement to Oliver—that she could
    not have the names because if she had them her husband would have access to
    them, and inmates could not have access to that information. In June, the prison
    dismissed Oliver’s grievance as untimely. There is some dispute as to whether
    Oliver administratively appealed the untimeliness ruling, but the district court
    found no record that he did.
    Oliver then filed this § 1983 suit, alleging an Eighth Amendment claim for
    the prison’s failure to protect him from the inmate’s attack; both substantive and
    procedural due process claims based on the defendants’ withholding of the names of
    the guards; and state law claims that the defendants were negligent in their duty to
    protect him and that they conspired to conceal the guards’ names from him. The
    defendants moved to dismiss the complaint for failure to state a claim and to
    exhaust administrative remedies. Oliver conceded that he did not exhaust his
    administrative remedies but argued that the defendants should be equitably
    estopped from making such an argument because they affirmatively interfered with
    his ability to pursue the grievance procedure, and thus no remedy was available to
    him. Over the course of further proceedings, the district court allowed Oliver to
    amend his complaint to add as defendants Clements and the officers on duty at the
    time of his attack. The court also allowed Oliver to conduct further discovery to
    develop his equitable estoppel argument. Eventually, however, the district court
    granted summary judgment for the defendants, finding that Oliver failed to exhaust
    administrative remedies. Nothing in the record, concluded the court, reflected that
    the defendants interfered with Oliver’s attempt to follow the grievance procedures
    so as to warrant the application of equitable estoppel.
    No. 06-2993                                                                  Page 3
    On appeal, Oliver challenges the district court’s grant of summary judgment
    based upon his failure to exhaust administrative remedies because, he argues, a
    material factual dispute exists as to whether he exhausted those remedies by filing
    an administrative appeal of his untimely grievance. But this argument is meritless
    because whether or not he appealed, his grievance was already untimely. A
    prisoner must complete all the administrative steps that the prison requires, and he
    must do so properly. Woodford v. Ngo, 
    126 S.Ct. 2378
    , 2385-86 (2006). Oliver’s
    untimeliness in filing his grievance more than 14 days after the attack dooms his
    case, regardless of whether he took a timely administrative appeal. See McCoy v.
    Gilbert, 
    270 F.3d 503
    , 510-11 (7th Cir. 2001) (determining that prisoner failed to
    exhaust administrative remedies when he filed grievance after Bureau of Prison’s
    20-day limit).
    Oliver also argues that equitable estoppel should have been applied because
    the defendants engaged in affirmative misconduct to prevent him from pursuing his
    administrative remedies when they caused him to delay filing his grievance through
    assurances that they would produce the names of the guards.
    We have explicitly avoided deciding whether equitable estoppel applies to the
    exhaustion requirement of the Prison Litigation Reform Act, 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a),
    see Kaba v. Stepp, 
    458 F.3d 678
    , 687 (7th Cir 2006); Lewis v. Washington, 
    300 F.3d 829
    , 834 (7th Cir. 2002), and do so again here because Oliver cannot satisfy the
    elements of equitable estoppel. To establish equitable estoppel, Oliver would have
    to show: (1) a misrepresentation by the defendants, (2) reasonable reliance on that
    misrepresentation, and (3) a detriment stemming from that reliance. Lewis, 
    300 F.3d at 834
    ; see also Powell v. Davis, 
    415 F.3d 722
    , 728 (7th Cir. 2005).
    Additionally, because the defendants are government actors, Oliver must show
    affirmative misconduct, which is an affirmative act to misrepresent or mislead.
    Lewis, 
    300 F.3d at 834
    . As the district court properly determined, the defendants
    made no statements that Oliver could reasonably have interpreted as a
    dispensation from having to file a timely grievance until they provided the guards’
    names. See Lewis, 
    300 F.3d at 834
    . Oliver did not show that the defendants ever
    told him that the names would be provided, that the names had to be included in a
    grievance, or that an untimely grievance would be excused because of the prison’s
    delay in identifying the guards. Although Clements is purported to have given
    inconsistent information to Oliver and his wife about obtaining the names of the
    guards, nothing Clements said should have given Oliver reason to think that he did
    not have to file a grievance on time. Without evidence of any affirmative
    misconduct, the equitable estoppel doctrine cannot save Oliver from his failure to
    exhaust administrative remedies.
    For the foregoing reasons, the decision of the district court is AFFIRMED.