Dorville v. Garland ( 2023 )

21-6640
Dorville v. Garland
BIA
A205 308 642
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY
ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF
APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY
ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL
APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY
CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY
COUNSEL.
1 At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second
2 Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley
3 Square, in the City of New York, on the 30th day of August, two thousand
4 twenty-three.
5
6 PRESENT:
7 DENNIS JACOBS,
8 RAYMOND J. LOHIER, JR.,
9 EUNICE C. LEE,
10 Circuit Judges.
11 _____________________________________
12
13 DWIGHT HILLJEFF DORVILLE,
14 Petitioner,
15
16 v. 21-6640
17 NAC
18 MERRICK B. GARLAND, UNITED
19 STATES ATTORNEY GENERAL,
20 Respondent.
21 _____________________________________
1 FOR PETITIONER: Craig Relles, Law Office of Craig Relles,
2 White Plains, NY.
3
4 FOR RESPONDENT: Brian Boynton, Principal Deputy Assistant
5 Attorney General; Nancy Friedman, Senior
6 Litigation Counsel; Margaret A. O’Donnell,
7 Trial Attorney, Office of Immigration
8 Litigation, United States Department of
9 Justice, Washington, DC.
10
11 UPON DUE CONSIDERATION of this petition for review of a Board of
12 Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) decision, it is hereby ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND
13 DECREED that the petition for review is DENIED.
14 Petitioner Dwight Hilljeff Dorville, a native and citizen of St. Lucia, seeks
15 review of a December 2, 2021 decision of the BIA denying his motion to reopen
16 and reconsider. In re Dwight Hilljeff Dorville, No. A 205 308 642 (B.I.A. Dec. 2,
17 2021). We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts and
18 procedural history.
19 We have reviewed the BIA’s denial of the motion for abuse of discretion.
20 See Zhao Quan Chen v. Gonzales, 492 F.3d 153, 154 (2d Cir. 2007); Jin Ming Liu v.
21 Gonzales, 439 F.3d 109, 111 (2d Cir. 2006). A motion to reconsider must be filed
22 within 30 days of the final order of removal, and a motion to reopen must be filed
2
1 within 90 days. 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(6)(B), (7)(C)(i); 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(b)(2), (c)(2).
2 Dorville does not dispute that his 2021 motion was untimely filed eight years after
3 his 2013 final removal order.
4 Despite the untimely filing, the BIA addressed Dorville’s argument
5 regarding the agency’s jurisdiction, treating it as a motion to reconsider. “A
6 motion to reconsider contests the correctness of the original decision based on the
7 previous factual record, as opposed to a motion to reopen, which seeks a new
8 hearing based on new or previously unavailable evidence.” In re O–S–G–, 24 I. &
9 N. Dec. 56, 57–58 (B.I.A. 2006); see also 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(6)(C), (7)(B); 8 C.F.R.
10 § 1003.2(b), (c). The only error Dorville alleged in the underlying proceedings
11 was that, pursuant to Pereira v. Sessions, 138 S. Ct. 2105 (2018), the agency lacked
12 jurisdiction because his notice to appear (“NTA”) lacked the time and date of his
13 hearing. Dorville does not raise this claim here. See Yueqing Zhang v. Gonzales,
14 426 F.3d 540, 545 n.7 (2d Cir. 2005) (deeming issue waived when not meaningfully
15 challenged on appeal). Regardless, the claim is foreclosed by Banegas Gomez v.
16 Barr, 922 F.3d 101, 110–12 (2d Cir. 2019), which held that the agency has
17 jurisdiction despite such a defect so long as a subsequent notice of hearing
3
1 specifying that information is provided. Although Dorville’s NTA omitted the
2 initial hearing date and time, he received hearing notices and attended his
3 hearings.
4 The BIA did not abuse its discretion in denying Dorville’s motion to reopen
5 to apply for relief from removal. Dorville moved to reopen to apply to adjust
6 status based on his marriage and to apply for cancellation of removal based on
7 hardship to qualifying relatives, but neither form of relief implicates any statutory
8 or regulatory exceptions to the filing deadline. See 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(7)(C);
9 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(3); Matter of Yauri, 25 I. & N. Dec. 103, 105 (B.I.A. 2009) (“We
10 emphasize that untimely motions to reopen to pursue an application for
11 adjustment of status . . . do not fall within any of the statutory or regulatory
12 exceptions to the time limits for motions to reopen . . . and will ordinarily be
13 denied.”). Accordingly, the only options for excusing the deadline were
14 equitable tolling or an exercise of the BIA’s authority to reopen sua sponte.
15 As to adjustment, the BIA noted that Dorville did not exercise diligence
16 because his visa was approved in 2014, but he did not file his motion to reopen
17 until 2021. “Equitable tolling requires a party to pass with reasonable diligence
4
1 th[r]ough the period it seeks to have tolled.” Iavorski v. U.S. INS, 232 F.3d 124,
2 134 (2d Cir. 2000) (alteration marks omitted) (quoting Johnson v. Nyack Hosp., 86
3 F.3d 8, 12 (2d Cir. 1996)). Contrary to Dorville’s assertion, he was notified that he
4 had to file with the IJ to adjust status when he received confirmation that his visa
5 was approved. He has not given a reason for his delay.
6 The only remaining basis for reopening to apply for adjustment of status
7 was an exercise of the BIA’s authority to reopen sua sponte despite the time limit.
8 See 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(a); Mahmood v. Holder, 570 F.3d 466, 469 (2d Cir. 2009). The
9 BIA’s decision not to reopen sua sponte is “entirely discretionary” and beyond our
10 “jurisdiction.” Ali v. Gonzales, 448 F.3d 515, 518 (2d Cir. 2006); see also Li Chen v.
11 Garland, 43 F.4th 244, 252–53 (2d Cir. 2022). Although we may remand “where
12 the Agency may have declined to exercise its sua sponte authority because it
13 misperceived the legal background and thought, incorrectly, that a reopening
14 would necessarily fail,” Mahmood, 570 F.3d at 469, such is not the case here. The
15 BIA did not find that Dorville was ineligible to adjust status, only that his
16 circumstances did not warrant sua sponte reopening.
17 As to cancellation, the BIA determined that Dorville did not exercise due
5
1 diligence as required for equitable tolling of the deadline and concluded that, even
2 if diligent, he did not show prima facie eligibility for relief. These are
3 independent bases for denying the motion, and Dorville does not assert error in
4 the merits of the BIA’s conclusion that he did not meet his burden to show prima
5 facie eligibility. See Jian Hui Shao v. Mukasey, 546 F.3d 138, 168 (2d Cir. 2008)
6 (holding that the “ability to secure reopening depends on a demonstration of prima
7 facie eligibility for [the relief sought], which means [the movant] must show a
8 ‘realistic chance’ that she will be able to obtain such relief”). Because he has
9 waived review of a dispositive basis for the denial of cancellation, we do not reach
10 his equitable tolling argument. See INS v. Bagamasbad, 429 U.S. 24, 25 (1976) (“As
11 a general rule courts and agencies are not required to make findings on issues the
12 decision of which is unnecessary to the results they reach.”); Yueqing Zhang, 426
13 F.3d at 545 n.7.
14 Finally, Dorville challenges the agency’s denial of sua sponte reopening as
15 to cancellation of removal, arguing that the BIA misperceived the law by finding
16 that he did not “promptly” move to reopen after the change in law. However, we
17 lack jurisdiction to review the denial of sua sponte reopening and, as noted above,
6
1 absent prima facie eligibility for cancellation, there was no basis for reopening to
2 pursue that relief even with equitable tolling. See Li Chen, 43 F.4th at 252–53; Jian
3 Hui Shao, 546 F.3d at 168.
4 For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is DENIED. All pending
5 motions and applications are DENIED and stays VACATED.
6 FOR THE COURT:
7 Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe,
8 Clerk of Court
7