Alonzo Johnson v. Warden McDowell FCI ( 2022 )

NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
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No. 20-3595
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ALONZO LAMAR JOHNSON,
Appellant
v.
WARDEN MCDOWELL FCI;
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
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Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Western District of Pennsylvania
(D.C. Civil Action No. 2-16-cv-01250)
Magistrate Judge: Honorable Lisa Pupo Lenihan
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Submitted under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
on January 14, 2022
Before: AMBRO, BIBAS, and ROTH, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: February 15, 2022)
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OPINION*
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*
This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and, under I.O.P. 5.7, is not binding
precedent.
ROTH, Circuit Judge
Pittsburgh police arrested Alonzo Johnson for drug-related crimes on April 5,
2007. He was released from custody the next day and remained free until September
2009, when he was arrested on federal drug charges. He has been in primary federal
custody ever since. In April 2010, Johnson was found guilty on the state charges. In July
2010, the state court sentenced him to a three-to-six-year term of imprisonment.
Following Pennsylvania Post-Conviction Relief Act proceedings, the state court
resentenced Johnson in April 2013 to the same three-to-six-year term, crediting to him
the 1,018 days he spent in custody between his original sentence and his new sentence.
Then, in July 2013, Johnson was sentenced to 300 months on his federal charges. Fifteen
months of the federal sentence were to be served concurrently with the state sentence.
Johnson then petitioned for a writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254. The
District Court dismissed Johnson’s petition for lack of jurisdiction, but we vacated and
remanded for the District Court to determine whether Johnson was in state custody when
he filed his petition.1 Following an evidentiary hearing, the District Court concluded that
Johnson was not in the custody of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania when he filed his
petition on August 15, 2016.
1
See Johnson v. Warden McDowell FCI, 796 F. App’x 73 (3d Cir. 2019).
2
II2
Our analysis focuses on whether Johnson was in state custody when he petitioned
for a writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254. “That provision, a postconviction
remedy in federal court for state prisoners, provides that a writ of habeas corpus is
available to ‘a person in custody pursuant to the judgment of a State court’ if that person
‘is in custody in violation of the Constitution or laws or treaties of the United States.’”3
The Supreme Court has explained that a person no longer serving a sentence imposed by
a state court “cannot bring a federal habeas petition directed” at that conviction.4 Thus, if
Johnson was no longer in the custody of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania when he
petitioned for Section 2254 habeas relief on August 15, 2016, the District Court could not
exercise jurisdiction over his petition.
Evidence presented at the District Court’s June 16, 2020, hearing resolves the
matter.5 A Pennsylvania Department of Corrections Records Specialist testified that
2
The District Court had subject-matter jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §§ 2241 and 2254.
The Magistrate Judge presided by consent under 28 U.S.C. § 636(c). We exercise
jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1291 and 2253. “We review the District Court’s dismissal
of a habeas petition on jurisdictional grounds de novo.” Piasecki v. Court of Common
Pleas, Bucks Cnty., PA, 917 F.3d 161, 165 n.18 (3d Cir. 2019).
3
Lackawanna Cnty. Dist. Att’y v. Coss, 532 U.S. 394, 399 (2001) (quoting 28 U.S.C. §
2254(a)).
4
Id. at 401.
5
We note with concern the haphazard record-keeping of the Pennsylvania Department of
Corrections, which led to much confusion in this matter. The Department of Corrections
has an obligation to properly record state prisoner’s sentences. We share the same concern
as the District Court, which noted that it believed Johnson “simply fell through the cracks
until the issue with his sentence was brought to light through this case.” Appx. 11. We
urge the Department of Corrections to make strong efforts to ensure accurate and timely
record-keeping.
3
Johnson’s controlling minimum date for his three to six-year sentence would have been
July 12, 2013, and his controlling maximum date would have been July 12, 2016.6 The
Records Specialist explained that Johnson was given credit for the one day he spent in the
Allegheny County Jail on April 6, 2007, and credit for all time he spent in custody
starting from July 13, 2010, the date his sentence was originally imposed, until his
maximum six-year sentence expired on July 12, 2016.7 Put simply, Johnson’s state-
imposed sentence of imprisonment expired on July 12, 2016, more than one month before
he petitioned for habeas relief.
Because Johnson’s state sentence expired before he filed his petition for habeas
relief, he was not in the custody of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Thus, the
District Court lacked jurisdiction under Section 2254 to consider his petition.
For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm the judgment of the District Court.
6
Appx. 11-12.
7
Appx. 12.
4