United States v. Gregory Podlucky , 697 F. App'x 744 ( 2017 )

NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
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No. 17-1184
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
v.
GREGORY J. PODLUCKY,
Appellant
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On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Western District of Pennsylvania
(D.C. Crim. Nos. 11-cr-00037; 09-cr-00279; 09-cr-00278)
District Judge: Alan N. Bloch
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Submitted for Possible Summary Action
Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6
May 11, 2017
Before: SHWARTZ, NYGAARD and FISHER, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: June 7, 2017)
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OPINION*
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PER CURIAM
Gregory Podlucky appeals from an order of the District Court denying his motion
to withdraw his plea agreement. For the reasons that follow, we will summarily affirm.
Podlucky pleaded guilty in the United States District Court for the Western
District of Pennsylvania to income tax evasion, mail fraud, and conspiracy to commit
money laundering. As part of the plea agreement, Podlucky waived his right to appeal or
collaterally attack his convictions and sentence. He agreed to make restitution and to
participate in the Bureau of Prisons Inmate Financial Responsibility Program through
which 50% of his prison salary would be applied to pay restitution. The agreement
further contained a provision providing that he agreed to the criminal forfeiture of all
pieces of jewelry that were seized as evidence during the investigation of his crimes,
with the exception of certain personal pieces to be agreed upon by the parties. The
District Court accepted the plea agreement and sentenced Podlucky to a term of
imprisonment of twenty years, to be followed by five years of supervised release. The
District Court further ordered restitution in the amount of $661,324,329.81. Podlucky
appealed. We granted the Government’s motion to enforce the appellate waiver and
summarily dismissed the appeal.
On October 6, 2013, Podlucky, represented by counsel, filed a motion to vacate
sentence, 28 U.S.C. § 2255. Citing our decisions in United States v. Schwartz, 511 F.3d
403, 405 (3d Cir. 2008), and United States v. Shedrick, 493 F.3d 292, 298 (3d Cir. 2006),
Podlucky argued that the Government breached the terms of the plea agreement and thus
that the collateral appeal waiver was not valid. He also argued that counsel was
constitutionally ineffective in negotiating the terms of the plea agreement. Podlucky
specifically argued that the Government, by failing to return the personal pieces of
jewelry identified in Sections A.6 and B.5 of the plea agreement, breached the plea
agreement. The Government answered the § 2255 motion, noting that, prior to pleading
guilty, Podlucky failed to identify any pieces of personal jewelry. The Government
acknowledged that, after Podlucky pleaded guilty, he came forward with a list of 679
items of jewelry worth $938,790, which he argued should be returned to him. The
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Government asserted, however, that it rejected the claim because the evidence showed
that almost all of the jewelry items claimed as personal had actually been purchased with
proceeds of the fraud scheme. In short, Podlucky was unable to document through his
records that any of the jewelry, even the pieces which the Government could not link to
the fraud, was personal. The Government argued that no agreement on exemption and
return was ever reached, and that it had acted in good faith to fulfill the executory
agreement by meeting with Podlucky to seek agreement consistent with its responsibility.
The District Court, in an order entered on December 29, 2014, dismissed the §
2255 motion pursuant to Podlucky’s waiver of his right to file a collateral appeal. The
Court concluded that Podlucky’s plea was knowing and voluntary, and that enforcing the
waiver would not work a miscarriage of justice in his case. In so doing, the District
Court found Sections A.6 and B.5 -- pertaining to the forfeiture of the jewelry -- to be
unenforceable as mere agreements to reach an agreement. The District Court found that
these provisions were nonessential and severable from the plea agreement as a whole, and
thus that the Government had not breached the plea agreement by failing to return any
jewelry to Podlucky.1 Podlucky appealed, and we denied his application for a certificate
of appealability.
On December 21, 2016, Podlucky filed a pro se motion to withdraw his plea
agreement, citing Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 11(c)(5). In it he noted that he was
pursuing legal action against the United States in the International Court of Justice, where
he was seeking money damages for malice and willful misconduct in connection with the
destruction of his business and the prosecution. Before that case proceeded he sought to
1
The Court noted in the margin that Podlucky had, in fact, raised claims in the related
civil forfeiture action pertaining to the seized jewelry.
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withdraw his guilty plea. In the Rule 11 motion, Podlucky specifically complained about
the Government’s alleged breach of the plea agreement in refusing to return the personal
pieces of jewelry, and he also appeared to contend that restitution was not a part of the
plea agreement, all of which, he argued, justified his decision to withdraw the plea. In an
order entered on January 13, 2017, the District Court denied the motion. The District
Court reasoned that criminal Rule 11 does not authorize withdrawal of a guilty plea in the
circumstances presented, and that Podlucky had failed to obtain prior authorization to file
a second or successive § 2255 motion.
Podlucky appeals. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. Our Clerk
advised Podlucky that the appeal was subject to summary action under Third Cir. LAR
27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6.
We will summarily affirm the order of the District Court because no substantial
question is presented by this appeal, Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6. Rule 11(e)
provides that “[a]fter the court imposes sentence, the defendant may not withdraw a plea
of guilty or nolo contendere, and the plea may be set aside only on direct appeal or
collateral attack.” Fed. R. Crim. P. 11(e). Podlucky has already been sentenced and thus
criminal Rule 11 does not provide a basis for him to withdraw his guilty plea. Moreover,
Podlucky has already pursued a direct appeal and a first collateral attack. Any further
challenges to his plea agreement will have to be pursued, not under criminal Rule 11, but
under 28 U.S.C. § 2255. A second or successive § 2255 motion cannot be filed unless
the applicant has applied for and obtained an order from the court of appeals authorizing
the District Court to consider the second or successive § 2255 motion. 28 U.S.C. 2255(h)
(citing 28 U.S.C. 2244). Because Podlucky did not obtain leave to file a second or
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successive § 2255 motion, the District Court lacked jurisdiction to consider his request to
withdraw his guilty plea. Moreover, since Podlucky’s December, 2016 motion to
withdraw the plea agreement does not involve newly discovered evidence of innocence or
a new retroactive rule of constitutional law, it would not provide a basis for an appellate
court to grant him leave to file a second or successive § 2255 motion, id. at § 2255(h)(1)-
(2). Accordingly, the District Court was under no obligation to transfer it to this Court in
the interest of justice, see 28 U.S.C. § 1631.
For the foregoing reasons, we will summarily affirm the order of the District Court
dismissing Podlucky’s motion to withdraw the plea agreement.
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