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[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
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No. 17-15564
Non-Argument Calendar
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D.C. Docket No. 1:13-cv-04219-MHC
WILLIE G. SMITH,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
versus
NATIONAL CREDIT SYSTEMS, INC.,
Defendant-Appellee.
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Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Georgia
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(January 23, 2019)
Before MARCUS, JILL PRYOR and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Willie G. Smith, proceeding pro se, appeals the district court’s denial of his
motion for relief from judgment for fraud upon the court in his debt reporting and
collection action brought pursuant to the Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C. §
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1681s-2, and the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1692e. In this
appeal, Smith argues that: (1) the district court abused its discretion when it denied
his motion for fraud on the court stemming from actions of the district court, the
Clerk’s Office, and National Credit Systems, Inc. (“NCS”), that had required him in
a prior appeal to file a motion to proceed in forma pauperis (“IFP”) on appeal after
he was permitted to proceed IFP in the district court proceedings; and (2) the district
court abused its discretion when it denied his later motion to recuse the district court
judge from any further proceedings in this case. After thorough review, we affirm
in part and dismiss in part.
We review the denial of a Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)(3) motion
for abuse of discretion. Cox Nuclear Pharmacy, Inc. v. CTI, Inc.,
478 F.3d 1303,
1314 (11th Cir. 2007). We usually review a district court’s denial of a motion for
recusal for abuse of discretion. United States v. Bailey,
175 F.3d 966, 968 (11th Cir.
1999). However, we examine our own jurisdiction sua sponte and review
jurisdictional issues de novo. Adams v. Monumental Gen. Cas. Co.,
541 F.3d 1276,
1277 (11th Cir. 2008).
First, we are unpersuaded by Smith’s claim that the district court abused its
discretion when it denied Smith’s motion for fraud upon the court, brought pursuant
to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)(3). Rule 60(b)(3) provides relief from a
final judgment or order for fraud, misrepresentation, or misconduct by an opposing
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party. Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)(3). A motion under Rule 60(b)(3) must be brought
within one year after the entry of judgment. Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(c)(1).
Where relief from a judgment is sought for fraud on the court, the movant
must establish by clear and convincing evidence that the fraud occurred. Booker v.
Dugger,
825 F.2d 281, 283 (11th Cir. 1987). Fraud on the court constitutes fraud
which “defile[s] the court itself, or is a fraud perpetrated by officers of the court”
that prevents the court from impartially judging cases before it. Travelers Indem.
Co. v. Gore,
761 F.2d 1549, 1551 (11th Cir. 1985) (quotations omitted). A court
should deny a plaintiff’s motion “in the absence of such conduct.”
Id. Additionally,
a plaintiff must give “clear and convincing probative facts” demonstrating the
existence of fraud upon the court and cannot rely solely on conclusory statements to
show evidence of fraud based on “information and belief.” Booker,
825 F.2d at 283-
84 (quotations omitted). A plaintiff cannot use this kind of motion “as a vehicle for
the relitigation of issues” or to address issues that could have been argued previously.
Travelers Indem.,
761 F.2d at 1552.
Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 24(a)(3) states:
A party who was permitted to proceed in forma pauperis in the district-
court action . . . may proceed on appeal in forma pauperis without
further authorization, unless:
(A) the district court -- before or after the notice of appeal is filed --
certifies that the appeal is not taken in good faith . . . and states in
writing its reasons for the certification or finding.
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Fed. R. App. P. 24(a)(3)(A).
Here, the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Smith’s Rule
60(b)(3) motion. For starters, Smith’s motion was untimely because it was filed
more than one year after the district court entered judgment against him. Fed. R.
Civ. P. 60(c)(1). Further, the district court had the ability to certify that Smith’s first
appeal was taken in bad faith after Smith filed his first notice of appeal, and the
district court followed the proper standard in doing so because it stated in a written
order that his first appeal was frivolous. See Fed. R. App. P. 24(a)(3)(A).
Moreover, Smith’s arguments that the district court judge committed fraud
upon the court in making certain discovery rulings in the earlier case is nothing more
than an attempt to re-litigate old issues. As the record reveals, the district court
rejected this very argument when it granted NCS’s summary judgment motion. See
Travelers Indem.,
761 F.2d at 1552. As for Smith’s other arguments challenging the
district court’s grant of NCS’s summary judgment motion, they do not qualify him
for relief because they also seek to litigate issues that could have been argued
previously.
Id. In short, Smith has failed to provide clear and convincing evidence
that any fraud existed, and the district court did not err in denying his motion.
Booker,
825 F.2d at 283; Travelers Indem.,
761 F.2d at 1551.
As for Smith’s appeal of the district court’s denial of the motion to recuse the
district court judge, we lack jurisdiction over it. Importantly, a notice of appeal must
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be filed within 30 days after the entry of judgment or order appealed from. Fed. R.
App. P. 4(a)(1)(A). When an appellant’s notice of appeal specifies a judgment, we
have “no jurisdiction to review other judgments or issues which are not expressly
referred to and which are not impliedly intended for appeal.” Whetstone Candy Co.
v. Kraft Foods, Inc.,
351 F.3d 1067, 1079-80 (11th Cir. 2003) (quotations omitted).
However, an appeal of an order will be allowed even if not mentioned in the notice
of appeal if the order not mentioned was entered prior to or contemporaneously with
the order listed in the notice of appeal. KH Outdoor, LLC v. City of Trussville,
465
F.3d 1256, 1260 (11th Cir. 2006).
Here, we need not review the district court’s denial of Smith’s motion for the
recusal of the district court judge. As the record reveals, the recusal motion is outside
the scope of the notice of appeal he filed in this case -- indeed, the motion was filed
after he filed his notice of appeal, as was the order denying his motion. Whetstone
Candy,
351 F.3d at 1079-80; KH Outdoor, 465 F.3d at 1260. Accordingly, we lack
jurisdiction over the appeal of this order.
AFFIRMED in part, DISMISSED in part.
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