Atlanta Flooring Design Centers, Inc. v. R. G. Williams Construction, Inc. , 333 Ga. App. 528 ( 2015 )

SECOND DIVISION
ANDREWS, P. J.,
MILLER and BRANCH, JJ.
NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be
physically received in our clerk’s office within ten
days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed.
http://www.gaappeals.us/rules/
July 16, 2015
In the Court of Appeals of Georgia
A15A0664. ATLANTA FLOORING DESIGN CENTERS, INC. v.
R. G. WILLIAMS CONSTRUCTION, INC.
ANDREWS, Presiding Judge.
R. G. Williams Construction, Inc. (Williams), the general contractor on a
construction project, hired Atlanta Flooring Design Centers, Inc. (AFDC) as the
flooring subcontractor for the project. Williams and AFDC entered into a written
contract governing the work on the project which included a provision requiring that
disputes under the contract be resolved by arbitration, and further stating that:
The award rendered by the arbitrator[s] shall be final and binding on the
parties and judgment upon the award may be entered in any court of
competent jurisdiction. Contractor and Subcontractor hereby expressly
agree not to challenge the validity of the arbitration or the award.
After a dispute was submitted to arbitration, and the arbitrator rendered an award,
AFDC filed a motion pursuant to OCGA § 9-9-13 (a) of the Georgia Arbitration Code
(GAC) seeking a court order vacating the award on the basis that its rights were
prejudiced in the arbitration proceedings on the statutory grounds set forth in OCGA
§ 9-9-13 (b). Williams responded and moved to dismiss AFDC’s motion on the basis
that the parties’ contractual agreement “not to challenge the validity of the arbitration
or the award” precluded AFDC from seeking to vacate the award under the GAC. The
reviewing court ruled that the contract language unambiguously precluded any
challenge to the arbitration or the award pursuant to OCGA § 9-9-13; found that the
agreement not to challenge the arbitration award was not unconscionable; and granted
the motion to dismiss AFDC’s motion to vacate the award. AFDC appeals from the
dismissal order. For the following reason, we find the reviewing court erred and
reverse.
“The [GAC] requires a trial court to confirm an award upon the timely
application of a party to the award, unless one of the statutory grounds for vacating
or modifying the award is established.” Greene v. Hundley, 266 Ga. 592, 595 (468
SE2d 350) (1996); OCGA §§ 9-9-12; 9-9-13; 9-9-14. As quoted above, the
contractual language at issue retains a party’s right to have the arbitration award
confirmed and made a judgment of the court pursuant to the GAC, while waiving any
right for a party to challenge the arbitration process or the award by seeking judicial
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review pursuant to the GAC to vacate or modify the award. In Brookfield Country
Club, Inc. v. St. James-Brookfield, LLC, 287 Ga. 408, 413 (696 SE2d 663) (2010), the
Supreme Court considered the validity of contractual language which altered the
statutory scheme of the GAC by expanding the scope of judicial review of an
arbitration award. The Court
acknowledge[d] the fundamental principle that parties have the right to
freely contract, [but recognized that] courts may not enforce a
contractual provision which contravenes the statutory law of this state[,]
. . . [and concluded that] the [GAC] does not permit contracting parties
who provide for arbitration of disputes to contractually expand the scope
of judicial review that is authorized by statute.
Id. (citation and punctuation omitted). Similarly, we conclude that the GAC does not
permit contracting parties who provide for arbitration of disputes to contractually
waive or eliminate a party’s right to apply to a court to vacate or modify an award on
the statutory grounds set forth in OCGA §§ 9-9-13 and 9-9-14.
“Because [the GAC] closely tracks federal arbitration law, we look to federal
cases for guidance in construing our own statutes.” Brookfield Country Club, 287 Ga.
at 412 (citation and punctuation omitted). In In re Wal-Mart Wage & Hour Emp’t
Practices Litig., 737 F3d 1262, 1267 (9th Cir. 2013), the Court considered whether
the statutory grounds for vacating an arbitration award under 9 USC § 10 (a) of the
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Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) (which sets forth grounds similar to those in OCGA
§ 9-9-13 (b) of the GAC) may be waived or eliminated by contract. The Court found
that the text of the FAA compels the conclusion that the statutory grounds for vacatur
under § 10 (a) “may not be waived or eliminated by contract.” In re Wal-Mart, 737
F3d at 1268. The Court reasoned that FAA statutory grounds for a court to review and
vacate an award demonstrate Congressional intent to provide a minimum level of due
process for parties to an arbitration, and that permitting parties to contractually
eliminate this judicial review of awards would contradict the text of the FAA,
frustrate that intent, and leave parties “without any safeguards against arbitral abuse.”
Id. at 1268; Hoeft v. MVL Group, Inc., 343 F3d 57, 64-66 (2d Cir. 2003) (parties
seeking to enforce an arbitration award through court confirmation cannot contract
to divest courts of statutory authority under § 10 of the FAA to review and vacate the
award).
Accordingly, we find that the contract provision stating that the parties
“expressly agree not to challenge the validity of the arbitration or the award” conflicts
with and frustrates Georgia public policy as expressed in the GAC, and is void and
unenforceable, to the extent it prevents AFDC from challenging the validity of the
arbitration or the award by filing a motion under OCGA § 9-9-13 for the court to
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vacate the award. See Brookfield Country Club, 287 Ga. at 413; Emory Univ. v.
Porubiansky, 248 Ga. 391, 393-394 (282 SE2d 903) (1981) (contractual provision
eliminating statutory duty of care void as against public policy). The reviewing court
erred by dismissing AFDC’s motion to vacate.
Judgment reversed. Miller, J., concurs. Branch, J., concurs specially and in
the judgment.
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A15A0664. ATLANTA FLOORING CENTERS, INC. v. R. G.
WILLIAMS CONSTRUCTION, INC.
BRANCH, Judge, concurring specially.
Although I agree with the result reached in this appeal, I write separately to
emphasize both the way this court views arbitration agreements generally and the
uniqueness of the question presented in this case – that is, whether two commercial
parties may agree to waive the right to contest an arbitration award on the limited
grounds listed in Section 9-9-13 (b) of the Georgia Arbitration Code (GAC).
In this case, claimant Atlantaa Flooring and Design Centers, Inc. (“AFDC”)
filed an arbitration petition against R. G. Williams Construction, Inc. (“Williams”),
a general contractor which had refused to pay AFDC the flooring subcontractor on
the ground that AFDC had delayed completion of its subcontract. AFDC filed a
motion to vacate on the grounds that the arbitrator had overstepped his authority and
manifestly disregarded the law when he awarded Williams liquidated damages.
Williams moved to dismiss AFDC’s motion to vacate on the ground that in their
agreement to arbitrate, the parties had “expressly agree[d] not to challenge the
validity of the arbitration of [any] award” made. AFDC appeals from the trial court’s
grant of Williams’s motion to dismiss AFDC’s motion to vacate the award.
As a preliminary matter, it bears repeating that “[i]n enacting the GAC, the
General Assembly established a clear public policy in favor of arbitration.” Order
Homes, LLC v. Iverson, 300 Ga. App. 332, 334-335 (685 SE2d 304) (2009). As a
result, “Georgia courts are required to uphold valid arbitration provisions in
contracts.” Saturna v. Bickley Const. Co., 252 Ga. App. 140 (555 SE2d 825) (2001)
(affirming arbitration provision in contract between homeowners and contractor).
This is especially true of arbitration provisions agreed upon by two commercial
parties such as those before us in this case. See Bishop Contracting Co. v. Center
Bros. Inc., 213 Ga. App. 804, 805 (1) (445 SE2d 780) (1994) (upholding arbitration
provision in contract between contractor and subcontractor). But this case also
presents us with what I, like AFDC, believe to be a question of first impression: that
is, whether two contracting parties may agree to waive their respective rights to seek
vacatur of an arbitration award on the specific and limited grounds listed in OCGA
§ 9-9-13 (b).
In Brookfield Country Club, Inc. v. St. James-Brookfield, LLC, 287 Ga. 408(696 SE2d 663) (2010), the Supreme Court of Georgia held that the GAC “does not
permit contracting parties who provide for arbitration of disputes to contractually
expand the scope of judicial review that is authorized by statute.” Id. at 413 (emphasis
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supplied; citation omitted). But the case before us is one in which, by contrast, the
parties sought to eliminate their right to obtain review of an arbitration award. The
majority reads Brookfield as authority for the proposition that parties may neither
expand nor limit the scope of judicial review authorized by the Code. As I explain
below, while I agree with this proposition generally, I do not find it a necessary
consequence of Brookfield. I also want to emphasize three explanatory points: that
access to Georgia courts granted by statute may not be waived, even in this
commercial context; that a party may seek to vacate an arbitration award under the
strictly limited set of circumstances outlined in OCGA § 9-9-13 (b); and that we
express no opinion on the merits of AFDC’s arguments for vacatur, which remain for
the trial court to determine.
First, the Second Circuit’s decision in Hoeft v. MVL Group, Inc., 343 F.3d 57(2d Cir. 2003), disapproved on other grounds, Hall Street Associates, LLC v. Mattel,
Inc., 552 U. S. 576, 585 (128 SCt 1396) (2008), provides a convincing rationale for
the result reached by us in this case.1 Hoeft first notes what it takes to be a
“fundamental difference between an agreement to increase the scrutiny that courts
1
Although Hoeft construes the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA), both the FAA
and the GAC contain a provision detailing the limited grounds for challenging an
arbitration award. See 9 U. S. C. § 10 (a); OCGA § 9-9-13 (b).
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apply when considering whether to confirm or vacate an arbitration award” – that is,
the fact pattern ruled on by our Supreme Court in Brookfield – “and an agreement to
prevent courts from reviewing the substance of an arbitration award at all.” 343 F.3d
at 64. Like the Hoeft Court, we face the latter scenario, and we should reach the same
result. As Hoeft explains:
An agreement that contemplates confirmation but bars all judicial
review presents serious concerns. Arbitration agreements are private
contracts, but at the end of the process the successful party may obtain
a judgment affording resort to the potent public legal remedies available
to judgment creditors. In enacting § 10 (a), Congress impressed limited,
but critical, safeguards onto this process, ones that respected the
importance and flexibility of private dispute resolution mechanisms, but
at the same time barred federal courts from confirming awards tainted
by partiality, a lack of elementary procedural fairness, corruption, or
similar misconduct. This balance would be eviscerated, and the integrity
of the arbitration process could be compromised, if parties could require
that awards, flawed for any of these reasons, must nevertheless be
blessed by federal courts. Since federal courts are not rubber stamps,
parties may not, by private agreement, relieve them of their obligation
to review arbitration awards for compliance with § 10(a).
Id. at 64-65. Similarly, I believe that the parties to this arbitration agreement, who
must turn to a Georgia court in order to confirm an arbitration award, were not
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empowered to relieve the Georgia courts of their obligation to review the same kind
of award for the fundamental flaws identified in OCGA § 9-9-13 (b).
Second, I wish to emphasize, as the Georgia Supreme Court has repeatedly
done, that the grounds for vacatur set out in OCGA § 9-9-13 (b) are strictly limited,2
and do not provide for relief even when there is no evidence to support the
arbitrator’s award or the arbitrator has made an inadvertent error of law. See Greene
v. Hundley, 266 Ga. 592, 596 (3) (468 SE2d 350) (1996) (given that “[t]he prohibition
against considering the sufficiency of the evidence as grounds for vacating an
arbitration award is unconditional,” a court reviewing an arbitration award “is
prohibited from weighing the evidence submitted before the arbitrator, regardless of
2
OCGA § 9-9-13 (b) provides in relevant part that an arbitration award
shall be vacated on the application of a party who either participated in
the arbitration or was served with a demand for arbitration if the court
finds that the rights of that party were prejudiced by: (1) Corruption,
fraud, or misconduct in procuring the award; (2) Partiality of an
arbitrator appointed as a neutral; (3) An overstepping by the arbitrators
of their authority or such imperfect execution of it that a final and
definite award upon the subject matter submitted was not made; (4) A
failure to follow the procedure of this part, unless the party applying to
vacate the award continued with the arbitration with notice of this
failure and without objection; or (5) The arbitrator’s manifest disregard
of the law.
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whether the court believes there to be sufficient evidence, or even any evidence, to
support the award.”); ABCO Builders v. Progressive Plumbing, 282 Ga. 308, 309
(647 SE2d 574) (2007) (a party seeking to prove that an arbitrator has shown
“manifest disregard of the law” must show “not only [that] the correct law [was ]
communicated to an arbitrator, but that the arbitrator intentionally and knowingly
chose to ignore that law despite the fact that it was correct”).
Third, our result merely reverses the trial court’s grant of Williams’s motion
to dismiss AFDC’s motion to vacate the arbitration award, such that AFDC’s motion
to vacate remains pending below. It would be a misreading of our result, moreover,
to infer any conclusion from it as to the merits of that pending motion. See, e.g.,
Berger v. Welsh, 326 Ga. App. 290, 297 (3) (756 SE2d 545) (2014) (reversing
superior court’s vacatur of an arbitrator’s award when that award had stated no legal
or factual rationale for the award such that the party moving to vacate had failed to
make the “extremely difficult” showing of manifest disregard of the law).
Because I believe these matters require further explanation and require a
slightly different analysis, I concur in the judgment only.3
3
See Court of Appeals Rule 33 (a) (“an opinion is physical precedent only with
respect to any Division of the opinion for which there is a concurrence in the
judgment only or a special concurrence without a statement of agreement with all that
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is said”).
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