United States v. Evans , 178 F. App'x 806 ( 2006 )

F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
April 28, 2006
TENTH CIRCUIT Elisabeth A. Shumaker
Clerk of Court
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v. No. 05-4309
(D.C. Nos. 2:04-CV-00242-DAK and
STEVEN OLIN EVANS, 2:01-CR-603)
(D. Utah)
Defendant-Appellant.
ORDER*
Before HENRY, BRISCOE, and O’BRIEN, Circuit Judges.
Petitioner Steven Evans, appearing pro se, seeks a certificate of appealability
(COA) to appeal the district court’s order dismissing his 28 U.S.C. § 2255 habeas corpus
petition. We exercise jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, deny a COA, and dismiss
the matter.
I.
On October 17, 2001, Evans was charged with five counts of interfering with
commerce in violation of the Hobbs Act, 18 U.S.C. § 1951; three counts of bank robbery,
in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a); and four counts of using a firearm during a crime of
*
This order is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case,
res judicata, and collateral estoppel.
violence, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c).1 On June 13, 2002, Evan entered a plea of
guilty, with the benefit of a plea agreement, to two counts of using a firearm during a
crime of violence. As part of the agreement, Evan executed “Statement by Defendant in
Advance of Plea of Guilty.” The document specified in relevant part:
I hereby acknowledge and certify that I have been advised of and
that I understand the following facts and rights, and that I have had the
assistance of counsel in reviewing, explaining and completing this form:
1. The nature of the charges against me to which I have agreed to plead
guilty . . . have been explained to me. I have had an opportunity to discuss
the nature of the charges with my attorney, and I understand the charges and
the elements that the Government is required to prove.
...
4. I know that I have a right to plead “Not Guilty,” and I know that if I do
plead, “Not Guilty,” I can persist in that plea.
5. I know that I have a right to a trial by jury . . . .
6. I know that under a plea of guilty, there will not be a trial of any kind.
...
11. The only terms and conditions pertaining to this plea agreement
between me and the Government are as follows:
(a) I will plead guilty to counts 4 and 6 of the Indictment . . . . The United
1
We take judicial notice of Evans’ indictment (Doc. 11), statement in advance of
guilty plea (Doc. 39), and sentencing memorandum (Doc. 63), records available on the
District of Utah’s electronic case filing system. See Van Woudenberg v. Gibson, 211
F.3d 560, 568 (10th Cir. 2000) (observing that “the court is permitted to take judicial
notice of its own files and records, as well as facts which are a matter of public record”)
(citation omitted).
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States will ask the Court to dismiss the remaining counts at the time of
sentencing.
(b) The United States Attorneys Office . . . agrees not to bring additional
charges that are currently under investigation . . . .
(c) I agree to make restitution for each of the robberies alleged in the
indictment, with the exception of the robbery alleged in Count I . . . .
(d) I agree to waive my right to appeal the sentence and the right to
collateral review of the convictions and sentence . . . .
...
14. I know I have a right to ask the Court any questions I wish to ask
concerning my right[s], or about these proceeding[s] and the plea.
I make the following representations to the Court:
...
2. No threats or promises of any sort have been made to me to induce me or
to persuade me to enter this plea.
...
4. I have discussed this case and this plea with my lawyer as much as I
wish to.
5. I am satisfied with my lawyer.
6. My decision to enter this plea was made after full and careful thought,
with the advice of counsel, with a full understanding of my rights, with a
full understanding of the facts and circumstances of the case, and with a full
understanding of the consequences of the plea. I was not under the
influence of any drugs, medications, or intoxicants when the decision to
enter the plea was made, and I am not now under the influence of any drugs,
medications, or intoxicants.
7. I have no mental reservations concerning this plea.
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8. I understand and agree to all of the above. I know that I am free to
change or delete anything contained in this statement. I wish to make no
changes because all of the statements are correct.
Further, Evans’ attorney certified that he had discussed the document with Evans, and that
he believed that Evans was knowingly and voluntarily entering the guilty plea.
Prior to sentencing, Evans’ attorney filed a lengthy sentencing memorandum
outlining Evans’ personal history and requesting that the district court depart below the
mandatory minimum for Evans’ convictions based on extreme mitigating circumstances.
Nonetheless, on March 11, 2003, the district court sentenced Evans to the mandatory
minimum on each count, for a total of 384 months’ imprisonment. See 18 U.S.C. §
924(c)(1)(A)(ii), (c)(1)(C)(i) (providing for a term of imprisonment of not less than 7
years if the firearm is brandished, and a consecutive term of imprisonment of not less than
25 years in the case of a second or subsequent conviction). The district court also granted
the government’s motion to dismiss the remaining ten counts against Evans.
II.
Unless the petitioner first obtains a COA, no appeal may be taken from a final
order disposing of a § 2255 petition. See 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(1)(B). A COA may issue
“only if the applicant has made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional
right.” 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). In determining whether Evans has satisfied this burden,
this court undertakes “a preliminary, though not definitive, consideration of the [legal]
framework applicable” to each of his claims. Miller-El v. Cockrell, 537 U.S. 322, 338
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(2003). To be entitled to a COA, Evans need not establish that his appeal will succeed.
Instead, he must “prove something more than the absence of frivolity or the existence of
mere good faith.” Id. (internal quotations omitted).
Evans argues that his guilty plea was not knowing and voluntary because he was
denied effective assistance of counsel during the plea process. First, Evans contends that
prior to entering his guilty plea, his attorney advised him that if he pleaded guilty, the
district court would depart below the mandatory minimum sentence based on his troubled
childhood. Second, Evans asserts that his counsel did not notify the court about the
government’s failure to comply with a verbal agreement to file a motion for downward
departure. Evans submits that both before he entered his guilty plea and prior to his
sentencing, his attorney informed him that the government would file a motion to depart
downward if Evans agreed to provide assistance to the government on another case.
Evans claims that prior to his sentencing, he cooperated with the government and
divulged valuable information, but that the government breached its verbal agreement to
file a motion for downward departure. To this end, Evans believes that his counsel
should have informed him about the possibility of a conditional plea pursuant to Fed. R.
Crim P. 11(a)(2), so that he could have withdrawn his guilty plea when the government
failed to file a motion for downward departure. Finally, Evans alleges that his counsel
was ineffective for not filing a direct appeal raising these issues.
“[A] plea agreement waiver of postconviction rights does not waive the right to
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bring a § 2255 petition based on ineffective assistance of counsel claims challenging the
validity of the plea or the waiver.” United States v. Cockerham, 237 F.3d 1179, 1187
(10th Cir. 2001). To establish ineffective assistance of counsel, a petitioner must show
both that this counsel’s performance was deficient, and that this deficient performance
prejudiced him. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984). Thus, for Evans to
prevail, he must demonstrate “a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s error, he
would not have pleaded guilty and would have insisted on going to trial.” Hill v.
Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52, 59 (1985).
The district court, in summary fashion, denied Evans’ petition “[f]or all the reasons
set forth in the United States’ Response [Brief].” In short, the government’s brief argued
that Evans could not establish the cause and prejudice necessary to support an ineffective
assistance of counsel claim. We agree with the district court and conclude that no
reasonable jurist could conclude that Evans made a substantial showing of a violation of
his constitutional rights.
First, we reject Evans’ contention that his attorney’s performance was deficient
because the district court did not depart below the mandatory minimum sentence based on
his troubled childhood. In Evans’ statement in advance of his guilty plea, he
acknowledged that he understood the mandatory terms of imprisonment for two
convictions under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c). Additionally, Evans’ attorney filed an eighteen-
page sentencing memorandum on Evans’ behalf, arguing that Evans’ personal history
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warranted a departure. Of importance, the memorandum conceded that the court could
not depart below the statutory minimum without a motion from the government. Thus,
Evans’ belief that the court would depart based on his troubled childhood is contradicted
by the record.
Next, Evans’ argument that the government breached an oral agreement to file a
motion to depart downward is belied by the statements Evans made in advance of his
guilty plea. Specifically, Evans confirmed the “only terms and conditions” of the plea
agreement, and stated that “[n]o promises of any sort” induced or otherwise persuaded
him to enter a guilty plea. Moreover, the sentencing memorandum filed by Evans’
attorney does not support Evans’ position that a side agreement existed between Evans
and the government. We also concur with the government’s position that a Rule 11
conditional plea would not have afforded Evans the relief he claims.
Lastly, Evans’ attorney was not ineffective for failing to raise meritless issues,
notwithstanding the fact that Evans waived his right to file a direct appeal. Before
entering a guilty plea, Evans represented that he had discussed the charges with his
attorney, that he understood his rights, and that he was satisfied with his attorney’s
performance. The district court sentenced Evans to the mandatory minimum sentence on
both counts. His attorney advised him of these same terms of imprisonment before he
entered his guilty plea. Accordingly, we have no difficulty concluding that Evans was
provided competent representation, and that his guilty plea was knowing and voluntary.
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Evans’ request for a COA is DENIED, and this matter is DISMISSED. Evans’
motion to proceed on appeal in forma pauperis is DENIED.
Entered for the Court
Mary Beck Briscoe
Circuit Judge
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