City of Oakland v. Whipple , 39 Cal. 112 ( 1870 )

Crockett, J.,

delivered the opinion of the Court:

This is an appeal by the defendant, on the judgment roll alone, from a personal judgment rendered against him for taxes alleged to be due to the City of Oakland. The findings are to the effect that there was duly assessed against the defendant, upon a steamboat, the taxes sued for, and that the tax is due and unpaid; that at the time of the assessment, and before and since, the defendant resided in San Mateo County and owned no real estate in the City of Oakland, nor was he assessed for any real or personal property therein, except the steamboat; that the boat in and before that year was enrolled in San Francisco, but at the time of the assessment, and during May of that year, was lying at- anchor in San Antonio creek, within the corporate limits of Oakland. The findings do not disclose whether the boat was there only temporarily in the prosecution of a voyage, or for what purpose. If it had appeared that she was only in transitu, or there for a mere temporary commercial purpose, the case would come fully within the principles announced in People v. Niles (35 Cal. 282); in which we held that personal property thus transiently within the county could not be there taxed; but should be taxed in the county in which the owner resided. But in the absence of an express finding on that point, we must presume the implied findings to have been such as were necessary to sustain the judgment; and that the Court found the boat was not in transitu, or there for a mere temporary purpose, and was, consequently, subject to taxation, and rightfully taxed.

But the chief ground relied upon for a reversal of the judgment is, that under the Act of April 24th, 1862, incorporating the City of Oakland (Stats. 1862, p. 337), a tax upon personal property, assessed to a person who does not own any real estate in said city, cannot be enforced in a personal action against the owner, nor in any method, except by a seizure and sale of his personal property by the Tax Collector.

The argument is that Section 22 of the Act makes a seizure and sale the exclusive remedy in such a case, and that no action will lie either against the property or the owner. That section authorizes the Tax Collector, upon the entry of an assessment upon movable property to any one who does not own. real estate within the city, “to demand forthwith the payment of the taxes,” and if the owner shall neglect or refuse to pay them, he shall seize sufficient personal property to satisfy the tax, and shall sell it after five days’ notice.

We can perceive no foundation for the argument that this was intended to be the exclusive remedy. Instead of abridging the ordinary remedy by suit for the collection of the delinquent tax, it was clearly intended to afford a new, summary, effectual and additional method for collecting it, in order to prevent the owner from evading the payment of it by a removal of the property. If a tax has been duly assessed, the owner of the property becomes personally liable for it, and the remedy is not confined to a seizure and sale of it, nor to the enforcement of a lien upon it by action. (People v. Seymour, 16 Cal. 332.)

This is clearly the general principle, and we see nothing in the act under consideration to take this case out of the operation of the rule.

Judgment affirmed.