Tammy Yori v. Ruiz ( 2019 )

ALD-208 NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
___________
No. 19-1090
___________
In re: MICHAEL A. RUIZ a/k/a/ Michael Ruiz,
a/k/a Miguel A. Ruiz d/b/a Lake Erie Podiatry, LLC, Debtor
TAMMY YORI,
Appellant
____________________________________
On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Western District of Pennsylvania
(D.C. No. 1-18-cv-00179)
District Judge: Honorable Susan Paradise Baxter
____________________________________
Submitted for Possible Dismissal Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B) or
Summary Action Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6
June 6, 2019
Before: MCKEE, SHWARTZ, and BIBAS, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: July 23, 2019)
_________
OPINION*
_________
PER CURIAM
*
This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not
constitute binding precedent.
Tammy Yori appeals from the order of the District Court dismissing her bankruptcy
appeal for failure to file a brief. We will affirm.
I.
Yori has frequently and largely unsuccessfully litigated claims against her former
husband Michael Ruiz (and against judges and others involved in that litigation) pro se in
state and federal court. See, e.g., Yori v. Domitrovich, 654 F. App’x 52, 53-54 (3d Cir.
2016) (not precedential) (per curiam) (affirming dismissal of a complaint).
This appeal arises from Ruiz’s Chapter 13 bankruptcy. In 2015, Yori filed a claim
in that proceeding. She sought an unspecified amount for alleged improprieties during a
state-court mortgage foreclosure action against the couples’ former home and for spousal
support. The Bankruptcy Court already had addressed those matters.1 Ruiz objected to
Yori’s claim on the grounds, inter alia, that it was almost two years late and did not set
forth any discernible claim against the estate. Yori did not respond, and the Bankruptcy
Court sustained the objection and disallowed her claim.
Ruiz ultimately completed his obligations under his Chapter 13 plan, and the Trus-
tee filed a motion for approval of report and disbursements. Yori objected, so the Bank-
ruptcy Court scheduled a hearing for April 3, 2018. During that almost two-hour hearing,
1
The Bankruptcy Court granted the mortgagee’s motion for relief from the automatic
stay to pursue the foreclosure action. Ruiz had no equity in the home, and it was not oth-
erwise at issue during the bankruptcy. As for spousal support, the Bankruptcy Court—
with Yori’s agreement—allowed Ruiz to amend his plan to remove that issue from the
bankruptcy so that Yori and Ruiz could litigate it in state court. The state court ulti-
mately terminated Ruiz’s support obligation and found that he had overpaid.
2
the Bankruptcy Court allowed Yori to speak at great length. The Bankruptcy Court then
granted the Trustee’s motion and granted Ruiz a discharge. The Bankruptcy Court later
entered a final decree closing the bankruptcy. Yori filed a “motion for reconsideration or
appeal.” The Bankruptcy Court treated it as a notice of appeal but also explained that
reconsideration was not warranted.
Yori’s appeal was docketed with the District Court on June 18, 2018, and her brief
was due by July 18, 2018. See Fed. R. Bankr. P. 8018(a)(1). On that date, Yori filed a
document titled “motion of specific orders” in which she requested various forms of relief.
The District Court denied them but sua sponte granted Yori an extension until July 30 to
file her brief. The District Court also advised her that no further extensions would be
granted. Yori appealed that order to this Court, and we dismissed her appeal because the
order was not immediately appealable. (C.A. No. 18-2680, Dec. 4, 2018.)2
Meanwhile, Yori did not file her brief by July 30. Thus, about a month later, the
District Court ordered her to show cause why it should not dismiss her appeal. Yori filed
a response in which she did not address her failure to file a brief3 or provide any indication
that she intended to file one in the future. Instead, she accused the District Judge of bias,
2
We previously had dismissed eleven of Yori’s other appeals in other matters for the
same reason. See C.A. Nos. 15-1289 through 15-1297, 15-1370 & 15-2385.
3
Yori asserted that she had not been able to file a brief in previous appeals to this Court
because “the pressure was inhumane” and “I could not get my paperwork in without con-
stant harm” (ECF No. 9 at 4-5), but she provided no specific reason for not having filed a
brief with the District Court. Yori’s reference to previous appeals to this Court appears to
be to the four appeals that we, like the District Court in this case, dismissed for Yori’s
failure to file a brief. See C.A. Nos. 15-1500, 15-1527, 15-2103 & 15-2192.
3
requested his recusal, and recited a litany of allegations that were not relevant to any issue
potentially before the District Court.
After reassignment of the matter to a different District Judge, the District Court dis-
missed Yori’s appeal pursuant to Fed. R. Bankr. P. 8018(a)(4) for failure to file a brief. In
doing so, the District Court considered the factors set forth in Poulis v. State Farm Fire &
Casualty Co., 747 F.2d 863, 868-70 (3d Cir. 1984), and it concluded that all of them
weighed in favor of dismissal. Among other things, the District Court considered the pos-
sibility of lesser sanctions but concluded that, in the context of a bankruptcy appeal by an
indigent pro se litigant, the only effective sanction was dismissal. The District Court also
concluded that nothing in Yori’s submissions suggested that her appeal had any merit. As
the District Court explained, “[n]owhere in her various submissions does Yori squarely
identify, much less address, the specific bankruptcy issues that she is appealing, nor does
she identify . . . the parts of the record that support her position[.]” (ECF No. 15 at 7-8.)
Yori now appeals to us.4
II.
4
The District Court had jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 158(a)(1), and we have juris-
diction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 158(d)(1) and 1291. We review the District Court’s dis-
missal of a bankruptcy appeal for failure to file a brief only for abuse of discretion. See
In re Jewelcor Inc., 11 F.3d 394, 397 (3d Cir. 1993). The District Court relied on one of
our non-precedential decisions in concluding that its dismissal of a bankruptcy appeal is
governed by Poulis. We have never so held in a precedential opinion, and there may be
room to argue that District Courts have broader discretion to dismiss a bankruptcy appeal
than they do to dismiss an original action. See id. (mentioning only one factor and citing
In re Braniff Airways, Inc., 774 F.2d 1303, 1305 (5th Cir. 1985)). We need not consider
that possibility in this case because the Poulis standard is more protective of a litigant’s
rights and, as we explain, the District Court did not abuse its discretion in applying it
here.
4
We will affirm. Having carefully reviewed the record, we cannot say that the Dis-
trict Court abused its discretion for the reasons that it thoroughly explained. Even if there
were room to analyze some of the Poulis factors somewhat differently, not all of them need
weigh against a litigant to warrant dismissal, see Hildebrand v. Allegheny County, 923
F.3d 128, 132 (3d Cir. 2019), and we ultimately cannot say that the District Court abused
its discretion under the circumstances presented here.
Yori raises three issues that we will address. First, she asserts that the District
Court’s dismissal violated our order dismissing her interlocutory appeal at C.A. No. 18-
2680. In that order, we wrote that the order appealed was not final under 28 U.S.C. § 1291because, inter alia, Yori’s case “is proceeding in the District Court.” Yori argues that we
thereby directed the District Court to proceed with her bankruptcy appeal. Our order, how-
ever, merely noted that her bankruptcy appeal remained proceeding at that time. We did
not direct the District Court to rule on the merits of that appeal, in the face of Yori’s failure
to file a brief or otherwise. Nor did Yori’s interlocutory appeal to this Court divest the
District Court of jurisdiction to conduct a show-cause proceeding. See Venen v. Sweet,
758 F.2d 117, 121 (3d Cir. 1985).
Second, Yori has filed a motion asking us to listen to a recording (which she has
provided) of the April 3 Bankruptcy Court hearing. She claims that the recording contains
evidence that neither Ruiz nor the Trustee intended to make payments toward the former
marital home as allegedly ordered by an unspecified court and that she “was to be awarded
60% of the home sale at a minimum.” The recordings contains no such evidence. Nor
5
does it otherwise suggest that Yori’s bankruptcy appeal had any potential merit or provide
any other reason to disturb the District Court’s ruling.
Finally, Yori cites without explanation Butner v. United States, 440 U.S. 48 (1979),
and In re Ruitenberg, 745 F.3d 647 (3d Cir. 2014). Butner holds that the extent of certain
security interests asserted in bankruptcy is governed by state law. See Butner, 440 U.S. at
53-54. Ruitenberg holds that “a non-debtor spouse has an allowable pre-petition claim
against the debtor’s bankruptcy estate for equitable distribution of marital property when
the parties are in divorce proceedings before the bankruptcy petition is filed.” Ruitenberg,
745 F.3d at 653. These decisions have no apparent bearing on Yori’s bankruptcy claim,
which did not seek equitable distribution of marital property. In any event, these decisions
likewise provide no reason to disturb the District Court’s ruling.
III.
For these reasons, we will affirm the judgment of the District Court. Yori’s “mo-
tion to review new discovery” is granted.5 To the extent that any of Yori’s filings can be
construed to request any other relief, her requests are denied.
5
Yori asks us to review the recording of the Bankruptcy Court’s April 3 hearing which,
as noted above, we have done. Yori appears to claim that the recording she submitted by
flash drive to us is a “new discovery of [an] updated recording” that differs from the re-
cording she submitted by CD to the District Court. We see no indication that such is the
case. In any event, we have considered the recording in reaching our disposition.
6