Dutton v. Domestic Relations , 215 F. App'x 161 ( 2007 )

Opinions of the United
2007 Decisions States Court of Appeals
for the Third Circuit
2-6-2007
Dutton v. Domestic Relations
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential
Docket No. 05-5168
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"Dutton v. Domestic Relations" (2007). 2007 Decisions. Paper 1670.
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NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
NO. 05-5168
________________
KELLY DUTTON,
Appellant
v.
COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF PHILADELPHIA
DOMESTIC RELATIONS DIVISION
____________________________________
On Appeal From the United States District Court
For the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
(D.C. Civ. No. 05-cv-02962)
District Judge: Honorable Berle M. Schiller
_______________________________________
Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
December 15, 2006
BEFORE: SLOVITER, McKEE and AMBRO, CIRCUIT JUDGES
(Filed: February 6, 2007)
_______________________
OPINION
_______________________
PER CURIAM
Kelly Dutton appeals the order of the United States District Court for the Eastern
District of Pennsylvania granting the defendant’s motion to dismiss his lawsuit and
denying his motions for injunctive relief. We will affirm.
On June 23, 2005, Dutton filed his complaint against the defendant, the Court of
Common Pleas of Philadelphia Domestic Relations Division (“Court of Common Pleas”
or “Family Court”), alleging that he disputes the amount of his child support obligation in
arrears. Specifically, he asserted that his child support obligation was terminated in 1996,
at which time he owed slightly more than $10,000.00, but according to the Court of
Common Pleas, he owes more than $20,000.00; a bench warrant for him was issued on
June 9, 2005. Dutton further contended that he had filed for bankruptcy protection on
May 19, 2005, but he was told that bankruptcy law does not apply to Family Court. He
sought the District Court’s clarification on this issue of bankruptcy law. Dutton also filed
a motion to enjoin the defendant from acting on the bench warrant pending the resolution
of the matter. The defendant filed a motion to dismiss the complaint. Dutton then filed a
motion to terminate the bench warrant, attaching a copy of an updated notice issued by
the Family Court.
By order entered November 17, 2005, the District Court granted the defendant’s
motion to dismiss. First, to the extent that Dutton brought suit under 28 U.S.C. § 1983,
the District Court held that the Court of Common Pleas is not a “person” subject to
section 1983 liability. Second, the District Court held that the Court of Common Pleas is
immune from suit under the Eleventh Amendment. Finally, the District Court denied the
motions to enjoin and terminate the bench warrant, declining to exercise jurisdiction
2
under the Younger abstention doctrine. See Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37 (1971).
Dutton appeals.
We have jurisdiction to review the District Court’s order under 28 U.S.C. § 1291.
Dismissals under Rule 12(b)(6) are subject to plenary review. Moore v. Tartler, 986 F.2d
682, 685 (3d Cir. 1993). We also exercise plenary review over the legal determination of
whether the requirements for Younger abstention have been met, and, if so, we review for
abuse of discretion the District Court’s decision to abstain. Yang v. Tsui, 416 F.3d 199,
201 (3d Cir. 2005).
Dutton does not contest the District Court’s conclusion that the Family Court is not
a “person” subject to liability under 28 U.S.C. § 1983. We note our agreement with the
District Court on this issue. See Callahan v. City of Philadelphia, 207 F.3d 668, 673 (3d
Cir. 2000).
Regarding the District Court’s Eleventh Amendment analysis, we agree that suits
against a state are barred by the Eleventh Amendment’s grant of sovereign immunity.
Dutton argues that the Eleventh Amendment only protects the state from suits involving
state matters and does not apply to the alleged bankruptcy law violations by the Family
Court. Dutton provides no authority for his position, and indeed, he is mistaken.
Notably, we have held that the First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, which includes the
Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia, was entitled to Eleventh Amendment immunity
as a state entity with respect to a federal claim under the Americans with Disabilities Act.
3
Benn v. First Judicial Dist. of Pa., 426 F.3d 233, 235 n.1, 240-41 (3d Cir. 2005). Such
immunity functions as an absolute bar to suit. See id. at 241. We agree that the Family
Court is immune from suit in this matter.
Lastly, Dutton disagrees with the District Court’s application of the abstention
doctrine of Younger in denying his motions to enjoin and terminate the enforcement of
the Family Court bench warrant.1
Upon consideration of the arguments in Dutton’s brief, and upon review of the
District Court record, we will affirm the District Court’s judgment.
4
1
In view of our disposition of this matter on the basis of immunity, we need not
discuss the applicability of the abstention doctrine.