Nadine Kelly v. Capital Senior Living Corp ( 2021 )

UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 19-2263
NADINE GRIFFITH KELLY, individually and as Personal Representative of the
Estate of Harold Clayton Griffith,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
v.
CAPITAL SENIOR LIVING CORPORATION, individually and d/b/a Greenville
Place Assisted Living Community; CAPITAL SENIOR LIVING INC, individually
and d/b/a Greenville Place Assisted Living Community; CAPITAL SENIOR
LIVING PROPERTIES 4 INC, individually and d/b/a Greenville Place Assisted
Living Community; CAPITAL SENIOR LIVING PROPERTIES 5 INC,
individually and d/b/a Greenville Place Assisted Living Community; CSL LEASE
CO INC, individually and d/b/a Greenville Place Assisted Living Community;
NURSE JANE DOE; CAPITAL SENIOR LIVING PROPERTIES, individually
and d/b/a Greenville Place Assisted Living Community,
Defendants - Appellees.
No. 19-2266
NADINE GRIFFITH KELLY, individually and as Personal Representative of the
Estate of Harold Clayton Griffith,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
v.
CAPITAL SENIOR LIVING CORPORATION, individually and d/b/a Greenville
Place Assisted Living Community; CAPITAL SENIOR LIVING INC, individually
and d/b/a Greenville Place Assisted Living Community; CAPITAL SENIOR
LIVING PROPERTIES INC, individually and d/b/a Greenville Place Assisted
Living Community; CAPITAL SENIOR LIVING PROPERTIES 4 INC,
individually and d/b/a Greenville Place Assisted Living Community; CAPITAL
SENIOR LIVING PROPERTIES 5 INC, individually and d/b/a Greenville Place
Assisted Living Community; CSL LEASE CO INC, individually and d/b/a
Greenville Place Assisted Living Community; NURSE JANE DOE,
Defendants - Appellees.
Appeals from the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina, at
Greenville. Henry M. Herlong, Jr., Senior District Judge. (6:19-cv-02415-HMH;
6:19-cv-02414-HMH)
Submitted: June 1, 2021 Decided: June 17, 2021
Before WILKINSON, AGEE, and KEENAN, Circuit Judges.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
Jennifer Spragins Burnett, HARBIN & BURNETT, LLP, Anderson, South Carolina, for
Appellant. David N. Allen, Benjamin S. Chesson, Anna C. Majestro, Charlotte, North
Carolina, G. Mark Phillips, Charleston, South Carolina, Giles M. Schanen, Jr., NELSON
MULLINS RILEY & SCARBOROUGH, LLP, Greenville, South Carolina, for Appellees.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
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PER CURIAM:
Nadine Griffith Kelly appeals the district court’s orders granting Defendants’
motions to dismiss and compelling arbitration in the wrongful death and survival actions
Kelly filed following the death of her father in an assisted living facility. In these
consolidated appeals, Kelly argues, as she did below, that the mandatory arbitration
agreement and the underlying residence services agreement should be considered as one,
merged contract, the terms of which are unconscionable under state law and therefore
unenforceable. We affirm.
To compel arbitration under the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA), a party must show:
“(1) the existence of a dispute between the parties, (2) a written agreement that includes an
arbitration provision which purports to cover the dispute, (3) the relationship of the
transaction, which is evidenced by the agreement, to interstate or foreign commerce, and
(4) the failure, neglect or refusal of the defendant to arbitrate the dispute.” Adkins v. Labor
Ready, Inc., 303 F.3d 496, 500-01 (4th Cir. 2002). Kelly does not dispute on appeal—nor
did she below—that the first, third, and fourth elements are satisfied; she argues only that
the merged agreements cannot be enforced because they are unconscionable.
First, only provisions within an arbitration agreement are “relevant to a court’s
determination whether the arbitration agreement at issue is enforceable,” and arbitration
provisions are “severable from the remainder of the contract.” Rent-A-Ctr., W., Inc. v.
Jackson, 561 U.S. 63, 70-71 (2010) (internal quotation marks omitted); see also Nitro-Lift
Techs., LLC v. Howard, 568 U.S. 17, 20-21 (2012) (“[W]hen parties commit to arbitrate
contractual disputes, it is a mainstay of the [FAA’s] substantive law that attacks on the
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validity of the contract, as distinct from attacks on the validity of the arbitration clause
itself, are to be resolved by the arbitrator in the first instance” (internal quotation marks
omitted)). Accordingly, the district court properly limited its consideration to the terms of
the arbitration agreement in considering the enforceability of the arbitration agreement.
We “review de novo the enforceability of an arbitration provision, and apply a
strong federal policy in favor of enforcing arbitration agreements.” Ashford v.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 954 F.3d 678, 682 (4th Cir. 2020) (internal quotation marks
omitted). “The FAA requires courts to rigorously enforce arbitration agreements according
to their terms.” Id. (ellipses and internal quotation marks omitted). “A district court
therefore has no choice but to grant a motion to compel arbitration where a valid arbitration
agreement exists and the issues in a case fall within its purview.” Adkins, 303 F.3d at 500(alterations omitted). Arbitration provisions are “valid, irrevocable, and enforceable, save
upon such grounds as exist at law or in equity for the revocation of any contract.” 9 U.S.C.
§ 2.
“In South Carolina, unconscionability is defined as the absence of meaningful
choice on the part of one party due to one-sided contract provisions, together with terms
that are so oppressive that no reasonable person would make them and no fair and honest
person would accept them.” Simpson v. MSA of Myrtle Beach, Inc., 644 S.E.2d 663, 668
(S.C. 2007). “If a court as a matter of law finds any clause of a contract to have been
unconscionable at the time it was made, the court may refuse to enforce the unconscionable
clause, or so limit its application so as to avoid any unconscionable result.” Id.4
We have thoroughly reviewed the record and the relevant legal authorities and
conclude that the district court did not err in determining that the challenged terms of the
arbitration agreement are not unconscionable under South Carolina law. Accordingly, we
affirm the district court’s judgments. We dispense with oral argument because the facts
and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials before this court and
argument would not aid the decisional process.
AFFIRMED
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