Com. v. Beckham, K. ( 2019 )

J-S48042-19
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT
PENNSYLVANIA, : OF PENNSYLVANIA
:
Appellee :
:
v. :
:
KEITH BECKHAM, :
:
Appellant : No. 3243 EDA 2018
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered October 4, 2018
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0003508-2015
BEFORE: BOWES, J., SHOGAN, J. and STRASSBURGER, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY STRASSBURGER, J.: FILED NOVEMBER 06, 2019
Keith Beckham (Appellant) appeals from the order entered October 4,
2018, dismissing his petition filed under the Post Conviction Relief Act (PCRA),
42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546. Upon review, we affirm.
On October 31, 2016, Appellant entered into a negotiated guilty plea to
third-degree murder and possessing an instrument of crime (PIC),1 and he
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1The PCRA court set forth the factual basis for the plea based upon the
Commonwealth’s proffer at the guilty-plea hearing.
At approximately 12:45 a.m. on March 14, 2015, in the area
of 53rd and Market Streets in Philadelphia, David McMillan, the
decedent, got into a verbal altercation with [Appellant]. During
the altercation, [Appellant] took out a four inch pocket knife and
stabbed McMillan six times, including one in the neck. McMillan
was pronounced dead at 1:36 a.m. at Presbyterian Medical
Center. The cause of death was his stab wounds.
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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was sentenced to an aggregate sentence of 22½ to 45 years of incarceration.
Relevant to this appeal, the guilty plea/sentencing transcript reveals the
following discussion of Appellant’s post-sentence and appellate rights.
After explaining to Appellant that he would be waiving most of his
appellate rights by pleading guilty, the trial court informed Appellant that “[he]
shouldn’t count on getting any help at all from a higher court.” N.T.,
10/31/2016, at 8. Appellant responded that he understood. Id. After the trial
court accepted the guilty plea and sentenced Appellant in accordance with the
plea, the trial court specifically informed Appellant that he had 30 days to
appeal his sentence and 10 days to file a post-sentence motion. Id. at 21-22.
The trial court told Appellant that if he believed he entered the plea
involuntarily or that his sentence was excessive, he had 10 days to raise those
claims or they would be waived. Id. at 22. The trial court then asked Appellant
if he had “any desire to file an appeal or a post-sentence motion.” Id. at 22.
Appellant responded, “No.” Id. The trial court told Appellant that if he
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Detectives recovered surveillance video of [Appellant]
stabbing McMillan and later recovered [Appellant’s] knife in a trash
can half a block away from the crime scene. DNA analysis showed
[that] both [Appellant’s] and McMillan’s DNA was present on the
knife. Detectives also recovered a bloodstained shirt from
[Appellant], and analysis showed the blood belonged to McMillan.
PCRA Court Opinion, 1/22/2019, at 2-3 (footnotes and citations omitted).
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changed his mind, he had to let trial counsel “know within the next ten days.”
Id.
After sentencing, Appellant did not file either a post-sentence motion or
direct appeal. On October 17, 2017, Appellant pro se timely filed a PCRA
petition. Counsel was appointed, and an amended petition was filed.
Appellant claimed, inter alia, that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to file
a post-sentence motion to withdraw Appellant’s guilty plea and a direct
appeal, despite Appellant’s request for trial counsel to do so. An evidentiary
hearing was held, where both Appellant and trial counsel testified.2
According to Appellant, after his sentence was imposed, Appellant told
trial counsel that he “wanted [trial counsel] to appeal the guilty plea and try
to fight for a better negotiated plea.” N.T., 10/4/2018, at 8. Appellant testified
that the conversation occurred right after sentencing in the “booth,” and that
trial counsel did not respond to this request. Id. at 8-9. Appellant testified
that he never heard from trial counsel again. Id. at 9. According to Appellant,
he did not contact trial counsel again because he “didn’t know [he] had to file
an appeal within ten days.” Id. at 12.
Trial counsel also testified at the hearing. According to trial counsel, he
remembered Appellant’s case because Appellant himself brought up the idea
of a plea deal while trial counsel was preparing a self-defense defense. Id. at
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2The Honorable Glenn B. Bronson presided at both the guilty plea/sentencing
hearing and the PCRA proceedings.
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18. Specifically, the two “were going through the preparation of [Appellant’s]
direct testimony,” and Appellant said, “I want the deal.” Id. Trial counsel
testified that he felt this was unusual “because normally the defense attorney
has to do some convincing or some talking.” Id. Trial counsel testified that
the initial offer from the Commonwealth was 25 to 50 years of incarceration,
and he negotiated the sentence down to 22½ to 45 years of incarceration. Id.
at 19. Trial counsel indicated that he did not “recall going to a booth and
speaking with” Appellant after the plea/sentencing hearing. Id. at 20. Trial
counsel does not remember Appellant requesting an appeal. Id. at 23.
At the close of the hearing, the PCRA court denied Appellant PCRA relief.
Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal, and both Appellant and the PCRA
court complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
On appeal, Appellant contends that trial counsel was ineffective because
Appellant requested that trial counsel file a motion to withdraw and appeal
from his sentence and trial counsel failed to do so. See Appellant’s Brief at 8.
We review this issue mindful of the following.
On appeal from the denial of PCRA relief, our standard of review
calls for us to determine whether the ruling of the PCRA court is
supported by the record and free of legal error. The PCRA court’s
findings will not be disturbed unless there is no support for the
findings in the certified record. The PCRA court’s factual
determinations are entitled to deference, but its legal
determinations are subject to our plenary review.
Commonwealth v. Nero, 58 A.3d 802, 805 (Pa. Super. 2012) (internal
citations and quotation marks omitted). “The scope of review is limited to the
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findings of the PCRA court and the evidence of record, viewed in the light most
favorable to the prevailing party at the PCRA court level.” Commonwealth
v. Koehler, 36 A.3d 121, 131 (Pa. 2012). Moreover, “[i]t is well-settled that
a PCRA court’s credibility determinations are binding upon an appellate court
so long as they are supported by the record.” Commonwealth v. Miller,
102 A.3d 988, 992 (Pa. Super. 2014).
Appellant’s claims are based upon the alleged ineffective assistance of
his counsel. With respect to such claims generally,
[i]t is well-established that counsel is presumed to have
provided effective representation unless the PCRA petitioner
pleads and proves all of the following: (1) the underlying
legal claim is of arguable merit; (2) counsel’s action or
inaction lacked any objectively reasonable basis designed to
effectuate his client’s interest; and (3) prejudice, to the
effect that there was a reasonable probability of a different
outcome if not for counsel’s error.
The PCRA court may deny an ineffectiveness claim if the
petitioner’s evidence fails to meet a single one of these prongs.
Moreover, a PCRA petitioner bears the burden of demonstrating
counsel’s ineffectiveness.
Commonwealth v. Franklin, 990 A.2d 795, 797 (Pa. Super. 2010) (internal
citations omitted).
Regarding an ineffectiveness claim based on counsel’s failure to file a
direct appeal, we observe that “Article V, Section 9 of the Pennsylvania
Constitution guarantees a direct appeal as of right.” Commonwealth v.
Lantzy, 736 A.2d 564, 571 (Pa. 1999). “It is well settled that when a lawyer
fails to file a direct appeal requested by the defendant, the defendant is
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automatically entitled to reinstatement of his direct appeal rights.”
Commonwealth v. Markowitz, 32 A.3d 706, 714 (Pa. Super. 2011). “[I]n
such circumstances, and where the remaining requirements of the PCRA are
satisfied, the petitioner is not required to establish his innocence or
demonstrate the merits of the issue or issues which would have been raised
on appeal.” Lantzy, 736 A.2d at 572. “However, before a court will find
ineffectiveness of trial counsel for failing to file a direct appeal, Appellant must
prove that he requested an appeal and that counsel disregarded this request.”
Commonwealth v. Harmon, 738 A.2d 1023, 1024 (Pa. Super. 1999). “Mere
allegation will not suffice; the burden is on Appellant to plead and prove that
his request for an appeal was ignored or rejected by trial counsel.” Id.
Here, the PCRA court concluded that Appellant failed to prove that he
requested trial counsel file a post-sentence motion or direct appeal. The PCRA
court explained its reasoning as follows.
1. The testimony of [Appellant] was incredible, and he failed to
show by a preponderance of the evidence that he asked
counsel to move to withdraw his guilty plea or that he asked
counsel to file an appeal. While [Appellant] claimed that the
[trial court] never informed him that he had ten days to
withdraw his guilty plea, the record shows that during the plea
colloquy, the [trial court] told [Appellant] four times that he
had ten days to withdraw his guilty plea. In addition, the [trial
court] rejected as incredible [Appellant’s] testimony that he
told [trial counsel] he wanted to file an appeal minutes after
telling the [trial court] during his guilty plea colloquy that he
did not want to file an appeal or any post-sentence motions.
Accordingly, the [trial court] found that [Appellant] never
asked [trial counsel] to withdraw or appeal his guilty plea at
any time.
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2. The testimony of [trial counsel] was credible and established
that if [Appellant] had asked him to withdraw or appeal his
guilty plea, either orally or in writing, then [trial counsel] would
have responded to [Appellant’s] request in an appropriate
fashion.
3. Accordingly, the record establishes that [trial counsel] was not
ineffective for failing to file a motion to withdraw or a direct
appeal of [Appellant’s] guilty plea because [Appellant] never
requested that he do so. As a result, [Appellant’s] claim in his
PCRA petition that trial counsel was ineffective is meritless.
PCRA Court Opinion, 1/22/2019, at 5-6 (citation omitted).
On appeal, Appellant sets forth numerous arguments in support of his
contention that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to file a post-sentence
motion or direct appeal. However, central to all of his points is the trial court’s
credibility determination. It is Appellant’s position that because Appellant had
a “fairly clear recollection of what occurred,” and testified at the PCRA hearing
that he requested trial counsel file a direct appeal, the PCRA court should have
credited Appellant’s testimony rather than the testimony of trial counsel.
Appellant’s Brief at 9. Appellant suggests that although trial counsel “is a very
good lawyer,” he “has many clients and many things to take care of during a
day or a week,” so “it makes common sense … to conclude that [Appellant]”
would be more likely to remember clearly what occurred immediately after
the plea/sentencing hearing. Id. at 9-10.
As discussed supra, this Court may not disturb a credibility
determination of the PCRA court so long as it is supported by the record. See
Miller, 102 A.3d at 992. Here, the PCRA court found it incredible that
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Appellant specifically told the trial court that he did not wish to appeal and
then, as he testified as the PCRA hearing, almost immediately thereafter told
trial counsel that he wished to appeal. The PCRA court’s conclusion is further
supported by the fact that Appellant testified at the PCRA hearing that he was
not aware he had 10 days to file a post-sentence motion, when the
plea/sentencing transcript reveals Appellant was specifically informed several
times of that requirement. Moreover, our review of the testimony supports
the PCRA court’s conclusion that trial counsel’s testimony was credible. Trial
counsel offered specific recollections from Appellant’s case. Thus, we conclude
that the PCRA court’s findings are supported by the record, and we discern no
basis to disturb the PCRA court’s credibility determinations.
Having concluded that the PCRA court’s credibility determinations are
supported by the record, we hold that the PCRA court did not err in concluding
that Appellant did not satisfy his burden in establishing that he requested trial
counsel to file either a post-sentence motion or a direct appeal, and that trial
counsel disregarded that request. See Harmon, 738 A.2d at 1025 (holding
that where the PCRA court concluded the testimony of trial counsel was
credible, and that testimony was supported by the record, this Court would
not disturb the credibility finding). Thus, we conclude trial counsel was not
ineffective, and we affirm the order of the PCRA court.
Order affirmed.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 11/6/19
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