United States v. Specialist JOHNATHAN M. JOHNSON ( 2014 )

UNITED STATES ARMY COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS
Before
TOZZI, CAMPANELLA and CELTNIEKS
Appellate Military Judges
UNITED STATES, Appellee
v.
Specialist JOHNATHAN M. JOHNSON
United States Army, Appellant
ARMY 20120643
Headquarters, 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) and Fort Campbell (Trial and
First Action)
Headquarters, Fort Campbell (Second Action)
Timothy Grammel, Military Judge
Colonel Jeff A. Bovarnick, Staff Judge Advocate (Advice and First Addendum)
Lieutenant Colonel Sebastian A. Edwards, Staff Judge Advocate (First
Recommendation)
Colonel Susan K Arnold, Staff Judge Advocate (Second Recommendation and
Second Addendum)
For Appellant: Colonel Patricia A. Ham, JA; Lieutenant Colonel Imogene M.
Jamison, JA; Captain John L. Schriver, JA; Captain Jack D. Einhorn (on brief).
For Appellee: Colonel John P. Carrell, JA; Lieutenant Colonel James L. Varley, JA;
Major Catherine L. Brantley, JA (on brief).
24 October 2014
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MEMORANDUM OPINION ON FURTHER REVIEW
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This opinion is issued as an unpublished opinion and, as such, does not serve as precedent.
CAMPANELLA, Judge:
A military judge sitting as a general court-martial convicted appellant,
pursuant to his pleas, of rape of a child on divers occassions, indecent liberty with a
child, three specifications of sodomy with a child under the age of twelve on divers
occassions, five specifications of aggravated assault in which grievous bodily harm
is intentionally inflicted upon a child under the age of six weeks, and child neglect,
in violation of Articles 120, 128, and 134, Uniform Code of Military Justice, 10
U.S.C. §§ 920, 925, 928, 934 (2006 & Supp. I 2008) [hereinafter UCMJ],
JOHNSON—ARMY 20120643
respectively. The military judge sentenced appellant to a dishonorable discharge,
confinement for thirty-eight years, and reduction to the grade of E-1. The convening
authority approved only thirty years confinement and otherwise approved the
remainder of the sentence. 1
In a previous submission to this court, appellant initially alleged ineffective
assistance of counsel in the post-trial sentencing phase of appellant’s court martial.
On 24 June 2014, without deciding the issue of ineffective assistance of counsel, this
court set aside the convening authority’s action and remanded the case to The Judge
Advocate General for a new staff judge advocate recommendation and action.
United States v. Johnson, ARMY 20120643, 2014 CCA LEXIS 455 (Army Ct. Crim.
App. 24 June 2014). Appellant was afforded the opportunity to re-submit matters to
the convening authority for consideration, and the convening authority again
approved only thirty years confinement and otherwise approved the remainder of the
sentence. 2
After providing appellant with this opportunity, this case is again before us
for review under Article 66, UCMJ. No additional assigned errors are raised. The
appellant personally raises six issues pursuant to United States v. Grostefon, 12 M.J.
431 (C.M.A. 1982). We find one warrants discussion and relief.
BACKGROUND
a. Background of the Relevant Crimes
Appellant was in his home at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, tending to his infant
son, who was less than six weeks old. While changing his son’s diaper, appellant
used both hands to grab his son by the ankles and hold him up in the air by his legs.
Appellant then twisted, pushed, squeezed, and pulled the baby’s legs with enough
force to break the baby’s right and left tibia.
Trying to “settle [the baby] down,” appellant then grabbed his infant son by
his wrists. Appellant proceeded to push, pull, squeeze, and twist the baby’s wrists at
the same time, with enough force to break the child’s right and left wrists.
1
The convening authority also deferred automatic forfeitures until action, and, at
action, waived those automatic forfeitures for a period of six months. Appellant was
also credited with 196 days confinement against the sentence to confinement.
2
The convening authority again credited appellant with 196 days of confinement
credit against the sentence to confinement, as well as crediting appellant with all
confinement served from the date of sentencing until the date of the second action.
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JOHNSON—ARMY 20120643
b. The Relevant Specifications and the Appellant’s Providence Inquiry
Based on appellant’s conduct, the government charged appellant, among other
offenses, with four specifications of aggravated assault:
CHARGE III: VIOLATION OF THE UCMJ, ARTICLE
128
SPECIFICATION 1: in that [appellant], U.S. Army, did,
between on or about 7 September 2011 and 17 October
2011, at or near Fort Campbell, Kentucky, commit an
assault upon [MJ], a child under the age of 6 weeks, by
pushing, pulling, squeezing, twisting, and shaking [MJ]’s
legs with his hands and did thereby intentionally inflict
grievous bodily harm upon him, to wit: a broken left tibea.
SPECIFICATION 2: in that [appellant], U.S. Army, did,
between on or about 7 September 2011 and 17 October
2011, at or near Fort Campbell, Kentucky, commit an
assault upon [MJ], a child under the age of 6 weeks, by
pushing, pulling, squeezing, twisting, and shaking [MJ]’s
legs with his hands and did thereby intentionally inflict
grievous bodily harm upon him, to wit: a broken right
tibea.
SPECIFICATION 4: in that [appellant], U.S. Army, did,
between on or about 7 September 2011 and 17 October
2011, at or near Fort Campbell, Kentucky, commit an
assault upon [MJ], a child under the age of 6 weeks, by
pushing, pulling, squeezing, twisting, and shaking [MJ]’s
arms with his hands and did thereby intentionally inflict
grievous bodily harm upon him, to wit: a broken left wrist.
SPECIFICATION 5: in that [appellant], U.S. Army, did,
between on or about 7 September 2011 and 17 October
2011, at or near Fort Campbell, Kentucky, commit an
assault upon [MJ], a child under the age of 6 weeks, by
pushing, pulling, squeezing, twisting, and shaking [MJ]’s
arms with his hands and did thereby intentionally inflict
grievous bodily harm upon him, to wit: a broken right
wrist.
Appellant entered unconditional pleas of guilty to these and other offenses.
Although the record and stipulation of fact are not entirely clear, appellant indicated
that these four offenses occurred “at the same time.” The military judge treated
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JOHNSON—ARMY 20120643
Specifications 1 and 2 of Charge III as multiplicious for sentencing, and also treated
Specifications 4 and 5 of Charge III as multiplicious for sentencing.
LAW AND ANALYSIS
Unnecessary Multiplication of Charges
“What is substantially one transaction should not be made the basis for an
unreasonable multiplication of charges against one person.” Rule for Courts–Martial
[hereinafter R.C.M.] 307(c)(4). The prohibition against unreasonable multiplication
of charges “addresses those features of military law that increase the potential for
overreaching in the exercise of prosecutorial discretion.” United States v. Campbell,
71 M.J. 19, 23 (C.A.A.F. 2012) (quoting United States v. Quiroz, 55 M.J. 334, 337
(C.A.A.F. 2001)). In Quiroz, our superior court listed five factors to help guide our
analysis of whether charges have been unreasonably multiplied:
(1) Did the accused object at trial that there was an unreasonable
multiplication of charges and/or specifications?
(2) Is each charge and specification aimed at distinctly separate
criminal acts?
(3) Does the number of charges and specifications misrepresent or
exaggerate the appellant's criminality?
(4) Does the number of charges and specifications [unreasonably]
increase the appellant's punitive exposure?
(5) Is there any evidence of prosecutorial overreaching or abuse in the
drafting of the charges?
55 M.J. at 339 (internal citation and quotation marks omitted) (internal alteration
reflects the holding in Quiroz that “unreasonably” will be utilized instead of
“unfairly”).
In this case, appellant’s convictions for breaking each of his infant son’s
tibias is predicated upon the same criminal act – grabbing the infant by each ankle
simultaneously with both of appellant’s hands, and then pushing, pulling and
squeezing the baby’s legs with enough force to break his left and right tibia. The
government's election to charge appellant twice for aggravated assaults as separate
specifications was an unreasonable multiplication and exaggeration of charges which
should be corrected. R.C.M. 307(c)(4) discussion; see also United States v.
Morrison, 41 M.J. 482, 484 n. 2 (C.A.A.F. 1995). Applying the five Quiroz factors
to the facts of this case, we find this requires the consolidation of the “particulars”
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JOHNSON—ARMY 20120643
in Specifications 1 and 2 of Charge III. See 55 M.J. at 338. We will take
appropriate action in our decretal paragraph to address this error.
Similarly, the appellant’s separate subsequent act of grabbing the baby by his
wrists and pushing, pulling and squeezing the baby’s wrists with enough force to
break them, is predicated upon the same criminal act by appellant. For the same
reasons as we find an unreasonable multiplication of charges for Specifications 1
and 2, we find these specifications also constitute an unreasonable multiplication
and exaggeration of charges which should be corrected. Applying the five Quiroz
factors, we find this requires the consolidation of the “particulars” in Specifications
4 and 5 of Charge III. We will take appropriate action in our decretal paragraph to
address this error. 3
CONCLUSION
Specification 1 of Charge III is merged with Specification 2 of Charge III as
follows:
In that the appellant, U.S. Army, did between on or about 7
September 2011 and about 17 October 2011, at or near Fort
Campbell, Kentucky, commit an assault upon M.J., a child under
the age of 6 weeks, by pushing, pulling, squeezing, twisting, and
shaking M.J.’s legs with his hands and did thereby intentionally
inflict grievous bodily harm upon him, to wit: a broken left tibia
and a broken right tibia.
Specification 4 of Charge III is merged with Specification 5 of Charge III as
follows:
In that the appellant, U.S. Army, did between on or about 7
September 2011 and about 17 October 2011, at or near Fort
Campbell, Kentucky, commit an assault upon M.J., a child under
the age of 6 weeks, by pushing, pulling, squeezing, twisting, and
shaking M.J.’s legs with his hands and did thereby intentionally
inflict grievous bodily harm upon him, to wit: a broken left wrist
and a broken right wrist.
3
We do not merge all four specifications into a single aggravated assault
specification because we find that the breaking of the tibias and the breaking of the
wrists are separate criminal acts warranting separate specifications. Put another
way, we find a gap of time between the breaking of the tibias and the breaking of the
baby’s wrists. Between those two crimes, there was a meaningful break in time
when appellant tried to settle the baby down. As such they are separate transactions.
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JOHNSON—ARMY 20120643
The findings of guilty as amended are AFFIRMED.
We are able to reassess the sentence on the basis of the errors noted, and do
so after conducting a thorough analysis of the totality of circumstances presented by
appellant’s case and in accordance with the principles articulated in United States v.
Winckelmann, 73 M.J. 11, 15-16 (C.A.A.F. 2013) and United States v. Sales, 22 M.J.
305 (C.M.A. 1986).
In evaluating the Winckelmann factors, we find no dramatic change in the
penalty landscape or exposure which might cause us pause in reassessing appellant’s
sentence. The charges were merged for sentencing. The appellant was adjudged by
a military judge. Third, the gravamen of appellant’s misconduct remains unchanged.
Finally, based on our experience, we are familiar with the remaining offenses so that
we may reliably determine what sentence would have been imposed at trial.
After reassessing the sentence and the entire record, the sentence is
AFFIRMED. We find this reassessed sentence is not only purged of any error but is
also appropriate. All rights, privileges, and property, of which appellant has been
deprived by virtue of that portion of the findings set aside by our decision, are
ordered restored.
Senior Judge TOZZI and Judge CELTNIEKS concur.
FOR
FOR THE
THE COURT:
COURT:
MALCOLM H. SQUIRES, JR.
MALCOLM H. SQUIRES, JR.
Clerk of Court
Clerk of Court
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