State v. McCarthy ( 2015 )

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1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
2 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,
3 Plaintiff-Appellee,
4 v. NO. 34,475
5 KRISTEN A. MCCARTHY,
6 Defendant-Appellant.
7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF BERNALILLO COUNTY
8 Charles W. Brown, District Judge
9 Hector H. Balderas, Attorney General
10 Santa Fe, NM
11 for Appellee
12 Jorge A. Alvarado, Chief Public Defender
13 Santa Fe, NM
14 Josephine H. Ford, Assistant Appellate Defender
15 Albuquerque, NM
16 for Appellant
17 MEMORANDUM OPINION
18 GARCIA, Judge.
1 {1} Defendant appeals her conviction for DWI per se and a vehicle registration
2 violation entered by the metropolitan court following a bench trial and subsequently
3 affirmed by the district court following an on-record appeal. [RP 77, 78, 121, 131]
4 Our notice proposed to affirm, and Defendant filed a memorandum in opposition. We
5 remain unpersuaded by Defendant’s arguments, and therefore affirm.
6 {2} Defendant continues to argue that the officer lacked probable cause to arrest her
7 for DWI. [DS 25-26; MIO 5] See generally State v. Granillo-Macias, 2008-NMCA-
8 021, ¶¶ 7, 9, 143 N.M. 455, 176 P.3d 1187 (setting forth our standard of review and
9 providing that probable cause to arrest exists “when the facts and circumstances
10 within the officer’s knowledge are sufficient to warrant the officer to believe that an
11 offense has been or is being committed”). As provided in our notice, we conclude that
12 probable cause to arrest Defendant was established by the officer’s testimony that he
13 observed that Defendant had bloodshot watery eyes and an odor of alcohol and that
14 Defendant was unable to follow instructions and maintain balance during field
15 sobriety tests. [RP 128-129] We acknowledge Defendant’s view that Officer Hunt
16 necessarily lacked probable cause to arrest because the metropolitan court found that
17 Defendant was DWI per se, rather than impaired to the slightest degree, in light of the
18 lack of evidence of bad driving and display of “minimal clues on the SFSTs.” [MIO
19 15; RP 128-29] However, as pointed out in the district court’s memorandum opinion
2
1 [RP129], an officer may have probable cause to arrest even if the State is ultimately
2 unable to establish a crime beyond a reasonable doubt. See, e.g., Granillo-Macias,
3 2008-NMCA-021, ¶ 9 (“We judge reasonableness by an objective standard, mindful
4 that probable cause requires more than a suspicion, but less than a certainty.”(internal
5 quotation marks and citation omitted)); see also State v. Johnson, 1996-NMCA-117,
6 ¶ 11, 122 N.M. 713, 930 P.2d 1165 (“In a criminal case, an officer needs only
7 probable cause to arrest. The officer does not, at the time of arrest, need information
8 that would prove a crime was committed ‘beyond a reasonable doubt.’”).
9 {3} Defendant also continues to argue that her breath test was improperly admitted
10 because Officer Hunt failed to satisfy the requisite twenty-minute deprivation period.
11 [DS 26; MIO 26] See 7.33.2.15(B)(2) NMAC (stating that a breath test shall not be
12 administered unless the operator “has ascertained that the subject has not had anything
13 to eat, drink or smoke for at least [twenty] minutes prior to collection of the first
14 breath sample”). Specifically, Defendant argues that the officer should have started
15 a new twenty-minute deprivation period because Defendant burped halfway through
16 the twenty-minute period [DS 23; MIO 17, 18] and thereby potentially contaminated
17 her mouth with alcohol from her stomach. [MIO 17] As a consequence, Defendant
18 argues, her breath results of .11 and .11 were unreliable and the evidence effectively
19 insufficient to show that her breath test was .08 or higher. [MIO 17, 18; DS 26]
3
1 {4} As observed by the district court [RP 130], Defendant offered no evidence to
2 establish the effect of a “slight” burp on her provided breath sample, and the
3 metropolitan court was nonetheless entitled to weigh the evidence to assess that the
4 breath results were reliable. See generally State v. House, 1999-NMSC-014, ¶ 33, 127
5 N.M. 151, 978 P.2d 967 (recognizing that it is the role of the trial court, and not the
6 appellate court, to weigh the evidence). [RP 130] Moreover, as we emphasized in our
7 notice, the applicable SLD regulation does not require the State to prove that
8 Defendant did not burp during the twenty-minute deprivation period. See
9 7.33.2.15(B)(2) NMAC; see also State v. Willie, 2008-NMCA-030, ¶ 17, 143 N.M.
10 615, 179 P.3d 1223 (rejecting a similar argument on the basis that, while a since-
11 repealed regulation included this requirement, the current regulation does not), rev’d
12 on other grounds, 2009-NMSC-037, 146 N.M. 481, 212 P.3d 369. While Defendant
13 urges us to rely on out-of-state case law that recognizes the accuracy-ensuring
14 importance of a deprivation period without burping [MIO 17], we decline to do so and
15 instead rely on the plain language of the applicable regulation and our case law in
16 which Defendant’s argument finds no support.
17 {5} For the reasons discussed above and in our notice, we affirm.
18 {6} IT IS SO ORDERED.
19 ________________________________
4
1 TIMOTHY L. GARCIA, Judge
2 WE CONCUR:
3 _______________________________
4 MICHAEL E. VIGIL, Chief Judge
5 _______________________________
6 RODERICK T. KENNEDY, Judge
5