Tucker v. First Cmercl Bank NA ( 2000 )

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
_________________
No. 99-40208
USDC No. 98-CV-299
Summary Calendar
_________________
DANIS TUCKER,
Appellant,
versus
FIRST COMMERCIAL BANK NA; MONTERREY,
INC; and MICHAEL DAVID BOUDLOCHE,
Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Texas
January 4, 2000
Before DAVIS, EMILIO M. GARZA, and DENNIS, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
Danis Tucker (“Tucker”) appeals the district court’s dismissal of his appeal from a bankruptcy
court order approving the sale of real property that he claims is exempt from the bankruptcy estate.
We affirm.
During Chapter 7 bankruptcy proceedings, debtor Tucker claimed a spice packaging plant
located at Interstate Highway 37 (the “I-37 Property”) as exempt homestead property pursuant to
11 U.S.C. § 522(b). The bankruptcy court denied Tucker’s homestead claim, and that claim is
currently on appeal in this court (the “Homestead Appeal”).
The present appeal arises out of the disposition of the I-37 Property as an asset of Tucker’s
estate. Chapter 7 Trustee Michael David Boudloche (“Boudloche”) obtained the approval of the
*
Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not be
published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR. R. 47.5.4.
bankruptcy court (the “bankruptcy court order”) to enter into a contract granting Monterrey, Inc.
(“Monterrey”) the right to lease the I-37 Property with an option to purchase. After the contract was
executed, Monterrey began paying Boudloche (as trustee) monthly rent on the I-37 Property.
Monterrey has not yet exercised its purchase option.
Tucker’s subsequent motion to reconsider the bankruptcy court order was denied by the
bankruptcy court. When Tucker appealed the denial to the district court, Boudloche moved to
dismiss the appeal as moot. The district court1—after discerning at oral argument that the only
remedy sought by Tucker was stay of a sale of the I-37 Propert y—dismissed the appeal as moot
under § 363(m) of the Bankruptcy Code.
On appeal, Tucker contends that the district court erred in finding that his appeal was moot
under § 363(m), and he requests that the sale of the I-37 Property be stayed pending a final
determination in the Homestead Appeal. He also requests that the instant action be consolidated with
the Homestead Appeal. We review the district court’s factual findings for clear error. See In
re GGM, 165 F.3d 1026, 1029 (5th Cir. 1999). The district court’s legal conclusions are reviewed
de novo. See id.
An appeal is properly dismissed as moot when an appellate court lacks the power to provide
an effective remedy for an appellant even if the court were to find in the appellant’s favor on the
merits. See In re Sullivan Century Plaza, I, Ltd., 914 F.2d 731, 735 (5th Cir. 1990). Section 363(m)
of the Bankruptcy Code moots a bankruptcy appeal by removing the remedy when a sale authorized
under § 363(b) or (c) has been made to a good faith purchaser. See id., 914 F.2d at 734 n.9. Section
363(m) provides that:
The reversal or modification on appeal of an authorization under subsection (b) or (c)
of this section of a sale or lease of property does not affect the validity of a sale or
1
This case was initially before Judge Jack, who denied the motion to dismiss, finding that
Tucker’s appeal was not moot because the court could still adjudicate the disposition of the proceeds
of the sale of the I-37 Property. The case was then transferred to Judge Head for oral argument.
Judge Head dismissed the case as moot.
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lease under such authorization to an entity that purchased or leased such property in
good faith, whether or not such entity knew of the pendency of the appeal, unless
such authorization and such sale or lease were stayed pending appeal.
11 U.S.C. § 363(m). Under this section, if a debtor fails to obtain a stay pending appeal, an appellate
court cannot affect the validity of a sale to good faith purchasers, but it can affect the distribution of
the proceeds from that sale where those proceeds have not yet been distributed. See BMG Music v.
Martinez, 74 F.3d 87, 89 n.3 (5th Cir. 1996) (finding that an appeal was not moot where a court’s
ruling affected the distribution of proceeds from a sale, but not the title held by bona fide purchasers
of the sold property).
The issue before us is whether an option to purchase is considered a “sale or lease” under §
363(m).2 Tucker argues that we should st rictly construe § 363(m) as applying only to narrowly
defined “sales” or “leases” and not to options. Boudloche contends that § 363(m) applies to the
present lease with purchase option. He argues that under § 363(m), Tucker’s failure to stay the
present authorization renders his appeal moot under the Bankruptcy Code.
Section 363(m) reflects a policy favoring finality of judgments approving sales in bankruptcy
involving good-faith purchasers. See In re Joshua Slocum Ltd., 922 F.2d 1081, 1095 (3d Cir. 1990)
(“The finality and reliability of the judicial sales enhance the value of the assets sold in bankruptcy.”)
(citation omitted). In American Grain Ass’n v. Lee-Vac Ltd., 630 F.2d 245 (5th Cir., Unit A 1980),
we recognized that “this policy concern is implicated not only when property is sold to a third party,
but also when a lease or option is granted to a third party in reliance on an order of the bankruptcy
court.” See id. at 248. Accordingly, we held that “in the absence of a stay of a bankruptcy court’s
order affecting a debtor’s property, a party appealing the order will not be heard to affect the rights
of a third party who, pursuant to the order, acquired, in good faith, an option or lease on the
2
In the Statement of Issues section of his brief, Tucker purports to raise the question of
“[w]hether the lower courts erred in approving the sale of the I-37 property by virtue of a lease with
an option to purchase when Appellant has perfected his appeal of the lower court orders denying his
claim that this property was his rural homestead.” Tucker did not raise this issue before the district
court. Furthermore, Tucker fails to develop this argument in the body of his brief, and we therefore
consider the argument abandoned. See Justiss Oil Co. v. Kerr-McGee Refining Corp., 75 F.3d 1057,
1067 (5th Cir. 1996).
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property.” American Grain Ass’n, 630 F.2d at 248, quoted in In re Slocum, 922 F.2d at 1095; see
also In re Combined Metals Reduction Co., 557 F.2d 179 (9th Cir. 1977) (finding, under general
principles of bankruptcy law, that appeal from order confirming leases and options was moot where
order of bankruptcy court had not been stayed pending appeal).
The same principles apply to the instant case. Here, Tucker was unable to obtain a stay of
the option sale of the I-37 Property pending appeal from either the bankruptcy court or the district
court. In the interim, good faith purchaser Monterrey paid consideration to lease the I-37 and to
acquire an option to purchase. Under § 363(m), we do not have to power to grant the only remedy
sought by Tucker—stay of the sale of the I-37 Property. Such a stay would clearly “affect the rights
of” third party Monterrey. Accordingly, the appeal is moot.
For the reasons stated above, the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED. We DENY,
as moot, Tucker’s motion to consolidate this appeal with the Homestead Appeal.
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