Leonard Broussard v. T M R Company ( 2013 )


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  •      Case: 13-30544      Document: 00512483973         Page: 1    Date Filed: 12/30/2013
    IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
    FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
    United States Court of Appeals
    Fifth Circuit
    FILED
    No. 13-30544                         December 30, 2013
    Lyle W. Cayce
    LEONARD BROUSSARD; BERTHA THIBODEAUX,                                              Clerk
    Plaintiffs - Appellants
    v.
    DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY,
    Defendant - Appellee
    Appeal from the United States District Court
    for the Western District of Louisiana
    USDC No. 2:11-CV-01446
    Before BARKSDALE, PRADO, and HAYNES, Circuit Judges.
    PER CURIAM:*
    Leonard Broussard and Bertha Thibodeaux filed this diversity action
    against The Dow Chemical Company and other entities for damages caused by
    their activities on land owned by Broussard and Thibodeaux.                       Summary
    judgment was awarded Dow on whether Broussard had a right to sue for
    damages to land acquired after the alleged damage occurred and the mineral
    lease had expired, and where that lease did not contain a stipulation pour
    autrui (third-party beneficiary).          (The district court noted Thibodeaux
    * Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
    be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH
    CIR. R. 47.5.4.
    Case: 13-30544    Document: 00512483973      Page: 2   Date Filed: 12/30/2013
    No. 13-30544
    disclaimed any interest in the land on which Dow had conducted its operations;
    she appears with Broussard, however, on the notice of appeal and seems to
    assert a claim here. But, because Thibodeaux, in district court, disclaimed an
    interest in the land at issue, only Broussard’s claims are addressed.)
    After Broussard appealed the summary judgment in January 2013, his
    unopposed motion to dismiss his appeal without prejudice was granted. The
    district court then severed the claims against Dow in April 2013, and
    Broussard appealed on 30 April.
    Broussard challenges the summary judgment, including claiming the
    district court erred in not allowing him to present parol evidence regarding the
    intent of prior owners to transfer the right to sue in the sales contracts.
    Essentially for the reasons stated by the district court, the judgment is
    AFFIRMED.
    I.
    In August 1963, Agnes Benoit Harpin and Anthony H. Harpin signed a
    mineral lease with Dow, covering “that certain tract or parcel of land
    containing 51 acres, more or less, being situated in Section 13, Township 12
    South, Range 4 West . . . .” The lease provided in clauses eight and nine:
    8.    The Lessee shall be responsible for all damages of
    Lessor caused by Lessee’s operations.
    9.    All provisions hereof shall extend to and bind the
    successors and assigns (in whole or in part) of Lessor
    and Lessee; but regardless of any actual constructive
    notice on the part of Lessee, no change in the
    ownership of the land or any interest therein or change
    in the capacity or status of Lessor, either resulting
    from sale, inheritance, interdiction, emancipation,
    attainment of majority, or otherwise, shall impose any
    additional burden on Lessee . . . .
    2
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    No. 13-30544
    Dow drilled one well on the property. Beginning in December 1966, that
    well produced natural gas before it was plugged and abandoned in May 1975.
    No further operations were conducted pursuant to the lease; and Dow released
    all acreage subject to the lease in February 1977.
    In March 2000, after her father, Anthony H. Harpin, died, Julie Kathryn
    Harpin Smith (who later married and took the surname Sorrell) became owner
    of the land via judgment of possession. It stated Sorrell was “recognized as the
    sole owner and [] sent into possession of decedent’s separate property”, which
    included the land in issue. Sorrell immediately sold the tract to her aunt and
    uncle, the Fuseliers. The private act of sale, in which Sorrell conveyed the land
    to the Fuseliers, states in pertinent part:
    [Sorrell] does by these presents Grant, Bargain, Sell,
    Assign, Transfer, Convey, Setover and Deliver unto
    [Fuseliers] all and singular the following described
    property, together with all the buildings,
    improvements, appurtenances and privileges thereon
    and thereto belonging, or in anywise appertaining . . .
    [and]
    . . . with full and general warranty of title, and with
    full subrogation to all of the rights and actions in
    warranty against any and all former owners and
    vendors.
    By cash deed in August 2009, the Fuseliers sold the land to Appellant,
    Broussard, and Jenny Lee Sonnier Broussard. The deed contains the following
    language, which provided
    a complete transfer and subrogation of all rights
    (including all rights to claim and sue for damages of
    any nature relating to or concerning the property and
    any other right or action related to the previous
    ownership of the property) and actions, whether
    liberative or acquisitive, against all former owners
    and/or proprietors of the property, any tenants who
    use the property with or without permission . . .
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    [and granted]
    . . . full subrogation to all the rights of warranty and
    all other rights as held herein by [Fuseliers].
    In June 2012, Sorrell provided a declaration, pursuant to 28 U.S.C.
    § 1746 (unsworn declarations under penalty of perjury), stating: “When I
    inherited the Property, I inherited and was assigned all of the personal rights
    held by my father, including any rights my father had against any prior owners
    of mineral leases on the Property”. Sorrell continued: “I sold and conveyed
    [the land] to [the Fuseliers, and] . . . the only right that I did not co[n]vey was
    a 50% interest in the mineral rights on the property.            No other rights,
    privileges, or prior assignments were held back or otherwise excluded—
    expressly or by implication, from the conveyance”. William Fuselier, her uncle,
    also provided a declaration, stating: “When I purchased said land, I believed
    that I purchased all rights associated with the land, including any personal
    rights and privileges associated with the land”.
    On 28 June 2011, this action was filed in Louisiana state court, against
    Dow and other entities.      Broussard sought damages, claiming, inter alia,
    defendants’ conduct and activities: unreasonably deprived him of the use of
    his property; constituted a private nuisance; violated the good faith
    requirement inherent in both the mineral lease and right-of-way agreements
    between the prior owners of the land and defendants; represented a wanton or
    reckless disregard for public safety; and constituted a trespass.
    Several defendants gave notice of removal on 9 August 2011, to which
    Dow consented. Dow moved for summary judgment in June 2012, contending:
    Plaintiffs were not the owners of the property at the
    time the alleged damage to the property was inflicted
    by Dow, and therefore the subsequent purchaser
    doctrine applies to them. Plaintiffs do not have a
    personal right of action against Dow for damages.
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    Further, Plaintiffs did not receive an express
    subrogation or assignment of the right to sue for
    damages from the former property owners.
    Summary judgment was awarded Dow that December. Broussard v.
    Dow Chem. Co., No. 2:11-CV-01446, 
    2012 WL 6042535
    (W.D. La. 3 Dec. 2012).
    In doing so, the court structured its ruling in three sections: the conveyance,
    vel non, of the right to sue Dow, 
    id. at *3-7;
    the applicability of the parol-
    evidence rule, 
    id. at *7-9;
    and the validity, vel non, of Broussard’s reformation
    claim, 
    id. at *9.
          Regarding the first point, the court focused on the primary disagreement
    between the parties: whether the right to sue passed between Sorrell and the
    Fuseliers, and from them to Broussard. 
    Id. at *3,
    *6-7. Dow maintained the
    right could only transfer by express written assignment because the lease had
    terminated before the Fuseliers or Broussard bought the land. 
    Id. at *3.
    According to Dow, the absence of such express language in the sales contract
    to the Fuseliers foreclosed the possibility of Broussard’s ever enjoying the right
    to sue Dow. 
    Id. Broussard countered
    Sorrell had properly assigned the right
    to sue to the Fuseliers, who then assigned that right to Broussard in the
    contract of sale. 
    Id. Furthermore, Broussard
    maintained any ambiguity in the
    contracts of sale could be clarified by reference to parol evidence. 
    Id. at *7.
          The district court considered relevant Louisiana case law, including
    Louisiana Supreme Court cases Eagle Pipe & Supply, Inc. v. Amerada Hess
    Corp., 2010-2267 (La. 10/25/11); 
    79 So. 3d 246
    , reh’g denied (13 Jan. 2012), and
    Prados v. S. Cent. Bell Tel. Co., 
    329 So. 2d 744
    (La. 1975), as well as the
    Louisiana third circuit case Lejeune Bros., Inc. v. Goodrich Petroleum Co., LLC,
    2006-1557 (La. App. 3 Cir. 11/28/07); 
    981 So. 2d 23
    , writ denied, 2008-0298 (La.
    4/4/08); 
    978 So. 2d 327
    . 
    Id. at *3-5.
    Analogizing to the situation in Lejeune,
    where the court found previous landowners could not transfer the right to sue
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    to an assignee when the lease had expired, the district court ruled Broussard
    could not have been assigned the right to sue Dow. 
    Id. at *6.
          As for the third-party-beneficiary claim, the court considered paragraphs
    eight and nine of the mineral lease, analogized again to Lejeune, and ruled “the
    mineral lease indicates that Dow’s liability will not go beyond the damages of
    the lessor” and the language referring to rights passing to successors or assigns
    did not apply to either the Fuseliers or Broussard because neither was an
    assignee of the lease. 
    Id. at *6-7
    (emphasis in original). Because the right to
    sue is a personal right, the court reasoned, it must be expressly assigned and
    cannot be “implicitly conveyed”; therefore, in the absence of an express
    assignment, the court held Broussard could not receive the right to sue Dow
    for damages stemming from its activities and operations on the land. 
    Id. at *7.
          Relying on its ruling on the first point, the court held parol evidence was
    inapplicable   where     the   subsequent-purchaser       rule   required    express
    assignment of the right to sue in the contract. 
    Id. at *8.
    To allow parol
    evidence to subsequently inject the right to sue into contracts would have
    “potential[ly] far-reaching consequences” and “essentially completely nullify
    the longstanding ‘express assignment’ requirement”. 
    Id. The third
    point is not at issue in this appeal. In any event, the court held
    Broussard could not bring a reformation action to reform the terms of the
    contract between Sorrell and the Fuseliers to reflect an express subrogation of
    the right to sue, because the ten-year prescriptive period had passed. 
    Id. at *9.
                                             II.
    The challenged summary judgment is reviewed de novo, applying the
    same standard as did the district court. E.g., Feist v. La., Dep’t of Justice, Office
    of the Atty. Gen., 
    730 F.3d 450
    , 452 (5th Cir. 2013). Summary judgment is
    appropriate when “there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the
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    movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law”. FED. R. CIV. P. 56(a). In
    determining whether to grant a motion for summary judgment, the court views
    the facts and evidence in the light most favorable to Broussard, the non-
    movant. E.g., Dameware Dev., LLC v. Am. Gen. Life Ins. Co., 
    688 F.3d 203
    ,
    206-07 (5th Cir. 2012).
    III.
    Having reviewed the record and briefs, and listened to oral argument,
    and essentially for the reasons stated by the district court in its well-reasoned
    opinion, the judgment is AFFIRMED.
    7
    

Document Info

Docket Number: 13-30544

Filed Date: 12/30/2013

Precedential Status: Non-Precedential

Modified Date: 10/16/2015