Sacko v. Atty Gen USA , 86 F. App'x 548 ( 2004 )

Opinions of the United
2004 Decisions States Court of Appeals
for the Third Circuit
2-11-2004
Sacko v. Atty Gen USA
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential
Docket No. 02-2979
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"Sacko v. Atty Gen USA" (2004). 2004 Decisions. Paper 1009.
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NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
No. 02-2979
SALIMATA SACKO,
Petitioner
v.
JOHN ASHCROFT, Attorney General
of the United States of America,
Respondent
APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES IMMIGRATION
AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE
Agency No. A73 677 119
Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
April 8, 2003
Before: BECKER,* BARRY and BRIGHT,** Circuit Judges
(Opinion Filed: February 11, 2004)
OPINION
__________
*
Judge Becker completed his term as Chief Judge on May 4, 2003.
**
The Honorable Myron H. Bright, Senior Circuit Judge, United States Court of
Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, sitting by designation.
BARRY, Circuit Judge
The parties are familiar with the facts of this case. As such, we will provide a brief
summary of those facts at the outset, incorporating additional facts only as necessary to
our discussion of the issues.
Salimata Sacko (“Sacko”), a native citizen of Mali, petitions for review of an order
of the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) summarily affirming the decision of the
Immigration Judge (“IJ”), which decision denied her applications for asylum and
withholding of removal. Sacko’s mother belonged to the Tuareg ethnic group while her
father was a member of the Bambera group. Sacko testified that she is a member of the
Bambera group and is considered as such in Mali.
Sacko’s family lived in the town of M enaka, near the northern border with Nigeria.
In the late 1980's, members of the Tuareg group took part in an insurgency in the northern
part of Mali. As a result, government soldiers began moving into the area. Sacko
described a December 1992 incident where Malian soldiers surrounded a van she, along
with her cousin and fifteen others, was in. The soldiers shot at the van until it veered off
the road and burned. Sacko’s hand was burned, and she subsequently learned her cousin
died in the attack. She testified that the soldiers may have thought she was a Tuareg and
that she fears returning.
Sacko remained in Menaka for roughly five months after the incident. She then
moved to the national capital of Bamako, and claims that she still felt unsafe. On
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December 20, 1993, she came to the United States. The IJ found her credible and found,
as well, that she could be identified as a Tuareg. Nevertheless, the IJ determined that
Sacko failed to demonstrate that she suffered persecution because of her imputed or
actual status as a Tuareg and that the December 1992 incident was not evidence of
persecution. Moreover, the IJ found that Sacko failed to demonstrate a reasonable
probability of future persecution. The IJ, therefore, denied both Sacko’s application for
asylum and withholding of deportation. In upholding the IJ’s determination denying
Sacko relief from removal, the BIA issued an “affirmance without opinion” (“AWO”)
under its streamlining regulations.
Sacko challenges the constitutionality of the streamlining regulations and argues
that the denial of asylum was an abuse of discretion. We have jurisdiction to review the
BIA’s final order of removal pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1105a (1994), as amended by section
309(c)(4) of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA),
Pub.L. 104-208, 110 Stat. 3009 (1996), because Sacko was placed in deportation
proceedings as of IIRIRA’s effective date, but the final order of deportation was entered
more than thirty days after such date. We will deny the petition for review.
We begin by addressing Sacko’s argument that the BIA’s order deprived her of an
individualized determination of her case and thereby violated her right to due process
under the Fifth Amendment. See U.S. Const. Amend. V. This contention must fail as we
recently concluded in Dia v. Ashcroft, 353 F.3d 228, 238 (3d Cir. 2003), that the
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streamlining regulations do not violate the Due Process Clause.1
We turn, then, to Sacko’s substantive attack on the BIA’s denial of her claim for
relief. When the BIA issues an AWO under the streamlining regulations, we review the
IJ’s opinion to determine whether it is supported by substantial evidence. Dia, 353 F.3d
at 248. The scope of this review is very narrow, as “the question whether an agency
determination is supported by substantial evidence is the same as the question whether a
reasonable fact finder could make such a determination based upon the administrative
record.” Id. at 249. The IJ’s decision is supported by substantial evidence.
The law underlying Sacko’s substantive claims is clear. The Attorney General
may grant asylum if Sacko meets the definition of “refugee”, i.e. she is unable or
unwilling to return to her home country “because of persecution or a well-founded fear of
persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social
group, or political opinion.” Immigration and Nationality Act, 8 U.S.C. §
1101(a)(42)(A). To establish eligibility on the basis of past persecution, an applicant
must demonstrate: “(1) an incident, or incidents, that rise to the level of persecution; (2)
that is ‘on account of’ one of the statutorily-protected grounds; and (3) is committed by
the government or forces the government is either ‘unable or unwilling’ to control.”
Abdulrahman v. Ashcroft, 330 F.3d 587, 592 (3d Cir. 2003). Such a showing raises a
1
Sacko also implicitly challenges the propriety of the BIA’s threshold decision to
streamline her particular case. We need not reach the issue of whether a BIA member’s
decision to streamline is reviewable because the BIA’s decision to streamline here was
clearly not an abuse of discretion.
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presumption of a well-founded fear of future persecution. Id. “That presumption can be
rebutted if the [Government] establishes by a preponderance of the evidence that the
applicant could reasonably avoid persecution by relocating to another part of his or her
country or that conditions in the applicant’s country have changed so as to make his or her
fear no longer reasonable.” Id. at 592 n.3 (citation omitted). To qualify for withholding
of removal, Sacko must show that there is a “clear probability” that if returned to her
native country, she will be persecuted on the basis of a specified ground. See Zubeda v.
Ashcroft, 333 F.3d 463, 469 (3d Cir. 2003); 8 C.F.R. § 208.16(b).
Sacko begins by attacking the IJ’s determination that the December 1992 incident
did not constitute persecution. Even if this determination were incorrect, thus giving rise
to a presumption of a well-founded fear of future persecution, the IJ’s overall decision
was still supported by substantial evidence. Country conditions have sufficiently changed
since the 1995 peace accords, and Sacko concedes little knowledge about the Taureg
rebellion, thereby rebutting any presumption. Finally, the IJ correctly noted that because
Sacko failed to show a reasonable probability of future persecution, she cannot meet the
more stringent standard required for withholding of deportation. See Lin v. INS, 238
F.3d 239, 244 (3d Cir. 2001); Janusiak v. INS, 947 F.2d 46, 47 (3d Cir. 1991).
For the foregoing reasons, we will deny the petition for review.
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