Carlos Lindsey v. Gary Boughton ( 2020 )


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  •                         NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION
    To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1
    United States Court of Appeals
    For the Seventh Circuit
    Chicago, Illinois 60604
    Submitted March 26, 2020*
    Decided March 30, 2020
    Before
    DAVID F. HAMILTON, Circuit Judge
    MICHAEL B. BRENNAN, Circuit Judge
    MICHAEL Y. SCUDDER, Circuit Judge
    No. 19-3278
    CARLOS LINDSEY,                                  Appeal from the United States District
    Plaintiff-Appellant,                         Court for the Western District of Wisconsin.
    v.                                         No. 19-cv-904-jdp
    STACEY HOEM, et al.,                             James D. Peterson,
    Defendants-Appellees.                       Judge.
    No. 19-3311
    CARLOS LINDSEY,                                  Appeal from the United States District
    Plaintiff-Appellant,                         Court for the Western District of Wisconsin.
    v.                                         No. 19-cv-885-jdp
    *
    The district court dismissed the complaints in these cases at screening, see
    
    28 U.S.C. § 1915
    (e)(2)(B), before any defendant appeared, and the appellees are not
    participating in this appeal. We have agreed to decide the case without oral argument
    because the briefs and records adequately present the facts and legal arguments, and
    oral argument would not significantly aid the court. FED. R. APP. P. 34(a)(2)(C).
    Nos. 19-3278 & 19-3311                                                              Page 2
    GARY A. BOUGHTON, et al.,                        James D. Peterson,
    Defendants-Appellees.                       Judge.
    ORDER
    Carlos Lindsey, a Wisconsin prisoner, brought two suits (which we have
    consolidated for decision) alleging violations of the Eighth Amendment, but a filing bar
    blocked him at the courthouse door. In the first suit, he maintains that while he was in
    solitary confinement, prison psychologists denied him medical care that he needs to
    prevent self-harm; in the second, he alleges that prison officials have forced him to mix
    with prisoners who have planned to attack him. Lindsey’s filing bar (a sanction from a
    prior case) allows him to sue only if he alleges that he is in imminent danger of serious
    physical injury. The district court ruled that he failed to meet that standard in either
    case, but we conclude that he has, so we vacate the dismissals. But we also warn him
    that if he has lied, he may face even more onerous sanctions.
    Lindsey is an untreated, mentally ill inmate who has been in administrative
    confinement (a form of segregation) for over eight years. (At this stage, we read his
    complaints and his briefs together on appeal, see Geinosky v. City of Chicago, 
    675 F.3d 743
    ,
    745 n.1 (7th Cir. 2012), and take his allegations as true, see Wallace v. Baldwin, 
    895 F.3d 481
    , 483 (7th Cir. 2018).) After three years in segregation, a prison psychologist
    diagnosed him with post-traumatic stress disorder, observed “significant elevations” of
    suicidal thoughts, and recommended treating “Mr. Lindsey per his request.” Four years
    later, Lindsey (still in segregation) filed a health-care request, complaining that he had
    “not been receiving any treatment for [his] PTSD,” despite his need and the availability
    of helpful treatments. Prison officials refused his request. Lindsey fears that without
    treatment for his PTSD, he is in danger of physically harming, or even killing, himself.
    Lindsey is also in a four-phase program that allows prisoners in administrative
    segregation to re-enter the general population. After the first phase, prisoners must
    attend group recreation sessions. Violent clashes and stabbings have occurred during
    these sessions, so Lindsey (who is in the second phase) asked prison officials to keep
    him out of sessions with inmates who have pledged to harm him. They denied his
    request. Instead, they scheduled him for sessions with those prisoners, including one
    who they knew had already attacked him. That prisoner again attacked Lindsey during
    a group session in 2019—so badly that he was sent to an outside hospital. Afterward,
    Nos. 19-3278 & 19-3311                                                                 Page 3
    officers allegedly promised Lindsey that they would make sure he “get[s] [his] ass beat
    again.”
    In Lindsey’s two suits, he alleges that, by refusing to treat his known risk of
    suicide in segregation and by failing to protect him from the known risk of attacks in
    group sessions, the defendants have violated the Eighth Amendment.
    One year before he filed these suits, the district court had sanctioned Lindsey—
    he had lied in an affidavit in one case, and in another case he had signed a fellow
    inmate’s name to documents without authorization. See Lindsey v. Johnston,
    No. 18-cv-398-jdp, 
    2018 WL 6606241
     (W.D. Wis. Dec. 17, 2018). Mirroring the three-
    strikes provision of the Prison Litigation Reform Act, the court barred Lindsey from
    filing new cases except for habeas-corpus petitions and “complaints in which he alleges
    that he is in imminent danger of serious physical harm.” Compare 
    id. at *4
    , with 
    28 U.S.C. § 1915
    (g).
    The court dismissed both of these new cases, ruling that Lindsey was not in
    imminent danger. For the self-harm suit, it thought that Lindsey did not allege an
    absence of all mental-health treatment and that his allegations were too vague. For the
    failure-to-protect suit, the court ruled that the danger was self-inflicted (because
    Lindsey could forgo group sessions), and that the threat was not ongoing, so no danger
    was imminent.
    On appeal, Lindsey contends that he has satisfied the imminent-danger standard
    for both his self-harm and failure-to-protect suits. (He also contests the district court’s
    power in Lindsey v. Johnston to impose the sanction, but Lindsey did not appeal that
    decision, so we may not entertain a collateral challenge to it. See, e.g., Travelers Indem. Co.
    v. Bailey, 
    557 U.S. 137
    , 152–53 (2009).) We review for abuse of discretion a district court’s
    decision to enforce its own rules against a litigant. See Stevo v. Frasor, 662 F3d 880, 886–
    87 (7th Cir. 2011). And we find an abuse here, recognizing that the PLRA defines
    imminent danger as a serious physical injury that is “imminent or occurring at the time
    the complaint is filed.” Ciarpaglini v. Saini, 
    352 F.3d 328
    , 330 (7th Cir. 2003).
    Lindsey’s first complaint alleges that prison staff have placed Lindsey in danger
    of imminent physical harm by failing to treat his PTSD. Suicidal ideation and a risk of
    self-harm, particularly for a mentally ill prisoner like Lindsey in prolonged segregation,
    satisfy the statutory imminent-danger exception that the court adopted in its sanction
    order. See Wallace, 895 F.3d at 484–85; Sanders v. Melvin, 
    873 F.3d 957
    , 960 (7th Cir. 2017).
    Nos. 19-3278 & 19-3311                                                               Page 4
    The core of Lindsey’s complaint is that his untreated PTSD, after eight years in
    segregation, elevates significantly his risk of suicide and self-harm. We recognize that
    the district court thought that Lindsey failed to allege that he is not receiving any
    mental-health treatment. But Lindsey alleges that the defendants have denied him
    “any” treatment for his PTSD, which according to a prison psychologist is the condition
    that creates “significant elevations” of suicidal ideation and self-injurious behavior. So
    the first suit may go forward.
    Lindsey’s second complaint contains an allegation that he faces imminent danger
    of physical harm—from inmates planning to attack him. “Being placed near inmates on
    one’s enemies list, despite pleas for transfer to a different location after being beaten by
    those enemies,” meets the imminent-danger standard. Ciarpaglini, 
    352 F.3d at
    331 (citing
    Ashley v. Dilworth, 
    147 F.3d 715
     (8th Cir. 1998)). Lindsey’s complaint alleges that
    defendants have denied his requests to be separated from prisoners who they know
    have threatened and attacked him. And it also states that they put him in a group
    session with one of those very prisoners, and, after that inmate beat him savagely, they
    threatened to make sure that he “get[s] [his] ass beat again.” We are mindful that the
    district court thought that Lindsey could choose to refuse to attend the group session
    and avoid that danger. But Lindsey alleges that he had no such choice. And because he
    has alleged that the guards have threatened another attack, Lindsey’s second suit
    alleges an ongoing, imminent danger and may therefore proceed.
    We end with a warning. Lindsey was not required to prove his allegations at this
    stage. See Sanders, 873 F.3d at 960. But the defendants may challenge the allegations of
    imminent danger after they are served with the complaints, and if the district court
    decides that the allegations are unfounded, it may dismiss the suits. See id. at 961–62.
    Furthermore, if Lindsey lied to manipulate the court into bypassing the imminent-
    danger exception, it may also fine him, sanction him with a filing bar that does not
    include an imminent-danger exception for civil suits, see Support Sys. Int’l, Inc. v. Mack,
    
    45 F.3d 185
    , 186 (7th Cir. 1995), and refer him for prosecution for perjury.
    We VACATE the judgments and REMAND for further proceedings.